Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „701-800“

Remote sensing technology is one of the best methods for the large-scale monitoring of chlorophyll in crops. This study analyzes the feasibility of estimating the contents of chlorophyll by means of narrow band normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVInb). The reflectance of the two bands forming the NDVInbis from simulations run on the PROSPECT model. A traversal of possible combinations of NDVInbare examined from 400 nm to 800 nm. Our results indicate that, at the leaf level, estimation of chlorophyll content can be identified in NDVInb. Ranges for these bands include: 1) 720-735 nm combined with 400-428 nm; 2) 550-615 nm, 692-701 nm or 707-715 nm combined with 400-432 nm or 462-496 nm; 3) 562-589 nm, 616-662 nm or 729-737 nm combined with 434-454 nm; and 4) 664-687 nm combined with 550-615 nm or 692-701 nm.

The experience of Drs Kilbride and Daily concerning the survival and morbidity of infants with birth weights less than 800 g appears to be very similar to our own. Their reported survival between 1980 and 1990 for infants between 701 and 700 g birth weight demonstrates the identical improvement over time which we describe down to at least 500 g. Most of the increased survival at the University of Washington attributable to surfactant therapy has occurred after 1990.

Neonatal mortality statistics are frequently reported in 100-g increments of birth weight. We tabulated our mortality statistics using two methods of incrementation: 500 to 599 g, 600 to 699 g, 700 to 799 g, etc. (method A) and 501 to 600 g, 601 to 700 g, 701 to 800 g, etc (method B). In each 100-g weight group, the mortality was less using method B. The average reduction in mortality using method B was 4.1%. Use of the two different methods creates difficulty in making meaningful comparisons of various published reports. We recommend that all future studies use method A, as that method is more consistent with previous recommendations of the World Health Organization.

Sericin as one of two main proteins in silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) cocoons was found to have the ability to increase skin moisture in cosmetics. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal formula of sericin nanoparticle lotion and the effectiveness of sericin nanoparticle lotion. The formation of sericin nanoparticles was mainly carried out by mixing and stirring mechanism using urea as a crosslinking agent. Temperature and stirring speed were fixed, while stirring duration were varied. Optimal sericin nanoparticles with the average particle size of 701 nm were obtained at 800 rpm stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature. Sericin nanoparticles lotion was then formulated with 5% and 10% sericin nanoparticles. Results showed that lotion containing 5% and 10% sericin nanoparticles significantly increase skin moisture.Keywords: moisturizer, lotion, silkworm, sericin, nanoparticles

The relationship between pre-flowering climatic conditions and sugary disease incidence was quantified in grain and forage sorghum genotypes at two sowing periods (mid November and mid December). The trials were carried out over the 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing seasons, in Lages, Santa Catarina State. Four commercial male-fertile sorghum hybrids (BR 600-forrage, BR 700-grain, BR 701-forage/silage and BR 800-forage) and one male-sterile inbred line (BR 001-A) were evaluated. When each genotype reached the flowering stage, 50 panicles were marked and sprayed with a suspension of Claviceps africana (1,000 spores mL-1). Air temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded through out the growing cycle. Low temperatures three to four weeks prior to flowering, increased susceptibility. At both sowing periods, average night temperatures lower than 15°C during the critical period of pre-flowering turned the fertile hybrids as susceptible as the male-sterile inbred to ergot infection. The tested hybrids differed in their ability to tolerate pre-flowering cold stress. Seed set in uninoculated heads under pollination bags was also reduced, suggesting that increased susceptibility to sugary disease was the result of low temperature induced sterility.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência do couro da tilápia do Nilo em função de classes de peso corporal de abate e sentidos (longitudinal e transversal) do couro em relação ao comprimento do corpo do peixe. As peles foram classificadas em categorias de peso corporal diferentes (C1= 500 a 600 g; C2 = 601 a 700 g e C3 = 701 a 800 g) e congeladas para posterior curtimento. Após descongelamento, as peles foram curtidas com sais de cromo e submetidas ao recurtimento com tanino vegetal. Depois, obtiveram-se os corpos-de-prova, que foram analisados quanto a espessura para realização dos testes de resistência à tração e ao alongamento e rasgamento progressivo, utilizando-se o dinamômetro EMIC. Através da análise de regressão linear, constatou-se que existe uma correlação entre a área da pele (Y) e peso do peixe (X), que pode ser expressa pela equação linear Y=39,359 + 0,0269X (r=0,56**). Houve efeito da classe de peso do peixe sobre as cargas de força aplicadas nos testes de resistência e no sentido transversal do couro com maior resistência a tração e rasgamento progressivo comparada ao longitudinal. O conteúdo de óxido de cromo presente nos couros variou de 3,75 a 3,81%, enquanto o de substâncias extraíveis em diclorometano variou de 8,16% a 8,47%, e pH ficou entre 3,84 a 3,86 para as categorias de peso. As peles curtidas de tilápia pesando entre 500 a 800 g não diferiram na resistência, quanto a tração, alongamento e rasgamento progressivo. No entanto, quando avaliado o sentido de retirada dos corpos-de-prova, o sentido transversal (referente a largura do couro) apresentou maior resistência quanto à tração e rasgamento progressivo quando comparado ao longitudinal (comprimento do couro).

The contact of blood with the artificial extracorporeal circuit causes a systemic inflammatory response due to blood activation. In this study, we compared two different paediatric membrane oxygenators used for extracorporeal circulation: a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator (Dideco Masterflo D-701, n=10), and a flat sheet silicone membrane oxygenator (Avecor Kolobow 800-2A, n=10). Blood compatibility was indicated by measuring complement activation as well as leukocyte and platelet activation. In patients perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator, concentrations of complement split products C3a were significantly increased 30 minutes after the start of bypass (p<0.01), whereas only a mild increase of C3a was found in patients perfused with a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator. Leukocyte and platelet counts dropped uniformly in both groups after the start of bypass mainly due to hemodilution. Activation of leukocytes and platelets identified by both plasma β-glucuronidase and β-thromboglobulin was similar in both groups. Infants perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator received significantly more donor blood than those perfused with a hollow fibre oxygenator (p<0.05). These results indicate that when used during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass, a flat sheet membrane oxygenator has a higher complement activity than a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator, which is probably due to the relatively larger blood-surface contacting area of the oxygenator.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) to evaluate the appropriateness of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) empiric treatment based on microbial culture data and susceptibility testing. All urine cultures requested for adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to JUH within the period from January 2019–July 2021 were reviewed and only those cultures with positive episodes of infection were considered. In this study, 6950 urine culture episodes were screened; among them, 34.5% (n = 2400) revealed positive results. Among those patients with positive culture episodes, 1600 patients (66.7%) were discharged before the availability of culture results and were excluded. Of the remaining eligible 800 patients, 701 (87.6%) received empiric treatment. In 26.8% of the eligible cases (n = 214), the prescribed empiric agents failed to have appropriate coverage of the identified pathogens, and in 14.6% of the cases (n = 117) the identified microorganisms were reported as resistant to the prescribed empiric agents. Furthermore, only 13.4% of the patients (n = 107) were appropriately treated for their UTI with empiric antibacterial agents. We were not able to judge the appropriateness of UTI treatment for one third (n = 263, 32.9%) of the patients, because they did not have susceptibility reports performed. This study revealed an alarmingly high rate of inappropriate treatment of UTIs, which encourages the emergence of bacterial resistance and affects health-related outcomes negatively. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship programs must be applied to optimize antibiotic consumption in hospital settings.

O conhecimento da proporção da matéria-prima que será transformada em produtos finais para comercialização, bem como da quantidade que fará parte do resíduo do processamento permite o planejamento logístico da produção e os cálculos necessários para a avaliação da eficiência produtiva da empresa processadora de pescado. O jundiá Rhamdia quelen é um bagre nativo da América do Sul e que vem sendo estudado há alguns anos por vários grupos de pesquisa latino-americanos, apresentando resultados que atestam seu potencial para a piscicultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento do jundiá como matéria-prima para o processamento mínimo em diferentes classes de pesos, a saber: 200 – 300 g, 301 – 400 g, 401 – 500 g, 501 – 600 g, 601 – 700 g, 701 – 800 g. Devido ao crescimento mais acelerado das fêmeas, apenas indivíduos do sexo feminino foram encontrados nas classes de peso acima de 500 g. O rendimento de filé foi maior para os peixes com maior peso médio (728g - 34,7%). A porcentagem de músculo abdominal esteve entre 9,3% e 11,2%. A proporção de vísceras sem as gônadas encontrou-se entre 7,8 e 9,8% e a porcentagem de gônadas das fêmeas com peso médio 572 g representou 11,1% do peso total. A descrição da composição da carcaça dos peixes cultivados tem grande importância sob o aspecto econômico e produtivo, permitindo estimativas de produtividade tanto para o piscicultor quanto para a indústria de processamento.

AbstractBackground:Preoperative mechanical ventilation is associated with morbidity and mortality following CHD surgery, but prior studies lack a comprehensive analysis of how preoperative respiratory support mode and timing affects outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively collected data on children <18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery at an academic tertiary care medical centre. Using multivariable regression, we examined the association between modes of preoperative respiratory support (nasal cannula, high-flow nasal cannula/noninvasive ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation), escalation of preoperative respiratory support, and invasive mechanical ventilation on the day of surgery for three outcomes: operative mortality, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative complications. We repeated our analysis in a subcohort of neonates.Results:A total of 701 children underwent 800 surgical procedures, and 40% received preoperative respiratory support. Among neonates, 243 patients underwent 253 surgical procedures, and 79% received preoperative respiratory support. In multivariable analysis, all modes of preoperative respiratory support, escalation in preoperative respiratory support, and invasive mechanical ventilation on the day of surgery were associated with increased odds of prolonged length of stay in children and neonates. Children (odds ratio = 3.69, 95% CI 1.2–11.4) and neonates (odds ratio = 8.97, 95% CI 1.31–61.14) on high-flow nasal cannula/noninvasive ventilation had increased odds of operative mortality compared to those on room air.Conclusion:Preoperative respiratory support is associated with prolonged length of stay and mortality following CHD surgery. Knowing how preoperative respiratory support affects outcomes may help guide surgical timing, inform prognostic conversations, and improve risk stratification models.

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a morfologia e a composição centesimal da pele de tilápia do Nilo e as alterações que ocorrem ao longo do processo de curtimento. Foram retiradas amostras (região dorsal média) no término de cada etapa do processo de curtimento, para análises de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Também foram realizadas análises da composição centesimal de peles referentes a peixes de três classes de peso (500 a 600g; 601 a 700 g e 701 a 800 g). Observou-se que a pele da tilápia do Nilo possui um padrão estrutural comum aos peixes teleósteos. Através de técnicas histoquímicas comprovou-se a presença de carboidratos neutros nas células mucosas encontradas na camada superficial da epiderme. Foi observado o arranjo e orientação das fibras colágenas da derme superficial, bem como da derme compacta e a organização das fibras colágenas e das lámelulas de proteção na inserção das escamas. Pode-se observar a inserção da escama no tecido dérmico, assim como, a sua morfologia. Observou-se o intumescimento e abertura da estrutura fibrosa no início do processo, e principalmente, a separação das camadas de fibras colágenas ao longo do processo e a ação dos óleos do engraxe ao término do curtimento. Houve diferença na composição centesimal das peles, apenas quanto ao teor de lipídios. Pela análise da morfologia da pele, em relação à organização e disposição das fibras colágenas e da estrutura dérmica durante o curtimento, pode-se inferir que o estudo da estrutura histológica do material é fundamental para análise da resistência do couro.

ImportanceDespite federal initiatives encouraging the enrollment of individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups in US clinical trials, no studies to date have specifically examined demographic disparities among participants in phase 1 drug development trials for patients with metastatic cancer.ObjectiveTo assess trends in the enrollment of patients from racial and ethnic minority groups in US phase 1 therapeutic drug trials for metastatic cancer from 2000 to 2018.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, ClinicalTrials.gov was queried in July 2021 to identify completed phase 1 drug trials for metastatic cancer in the US from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, with published results, yielding 221 phase 1 trials with 8309 participants aged 18 years or older with metastatic solid tumors. Proportions of each racial and ethnic group of trial participants were compared with that from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries’ Cancer in North America (CiNA) database. Statistical analysis was performed from July 12, 2021, to March 15, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each racial and ethnic group, the difference between trial and CiNA proportions was examined using a 2-sample test for equality of proportions with continuity correction.ResultsThe 8309 phase 1 trial participants (4198 men [50.5%]; median age, 59 years) included 23 American Indian or Alaska Native participants (0.3%), 371 Asian or Pacific Islander participants (4.5%), 514 Black participants (6.2%), 401 of 5076 Hispanic or Latinx participants (7.9%), and 7154 White participants (86.1%). Industry funded 165 of the 221 trials (74.7%). White patients were overrepresented overall compared with the corresponding CiNA cohort (7154 of 8309 [86.1%] vs 4 113 096 of 4 891 486 [84.1%]; difference, 2.0 percentage points; P &amp;lt; .001). There was an increase in overrepresentation of White patients from 2000 to 2011 (trials, 2780 of 3245 [85.7%]; CiNA, 2 378 019 of 2 800 711 [84.9%]; difference, 0.8 percentage points; P = .23) to 2012-2018 (trials, 4374 of 5063 [86.4%]; CiNA, 1 735 077 of 2 090 775 [82.9%]; difference, 3.5 percentage points; P &amp;lt; .001) and corresponding worsening representation of American Indian or Alaska Native patients (2000-2011: trials, 10 of 3245 [0.3%]; CiNA, 10 905 of 2 800 711 [0.4%]; difference, −0.08 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 13 of 5063 [0.3%]; CiNA, 9484 of 2 090 775 [0.5%]; difference, −0.20 percentage points), Asian or Pacific Islander patients (2000-2011: trials, 121 of 3245 [3.7%]; CiNA, 75 033 of 2 800 711 [2.7%]; difference, 1.1 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 151 of 5063 [3.0%]; CiNA 70 535 of 2 090 775 [3.4%]; difference, −0.75 percentage points), Black patients (2000-2011: trials, 244 of 3245 [7.5%]; CiNA, 322 701 of 2 800 711 [11.5%]; difference, −4.0 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 270 of 5063 [5.3%]; CiNA, 255 625 of 2 090 775 [12.2%]; difference, −6.9 percentage points), and Hispanic or Latinx patients (2000-2011: trials, 161 of 1792 [9.0%]; CiNA, 169 297 of 2 800 711 [6.0%]; difference, 3.0 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 240 of 3295 [7.3%]; CiNA, 156 118 of 2 090 775 [7.5%]; difference, −0.2 percentage points). Similar disparities were observed when comparing industry-funded and academic center–sponsored trials.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of participants in phase 1 clinical trials of drugs for metastatic cancer, worsening disparities were observed over time in the accrual of patients from racial and ethnic minority groups. These findings may represent widening inequalities in access to trial sites and worsening systemic biases. More efforts are needed to diversify phase 1 cancer drug trials to improve equity in access to new treatments and to ensure that safety and efficacy findings from early drug trials are generalizable across populations.

ABSTRACT B lymphocytes converted into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by an Epstein-Barr virus that expresses a conditional EBNA3C require complementation with EBNA3C for growth under nonpermissive conditions. Complementation with relatively large EBNA3C deletion mutants identified amino acids (aa) 1 to 506 (which includes the RBP-Jκ/CSL [RBP-Jκ] binding domain) and 733 to 909 to be essential for LCL growth, aa 728 to 732 and 910 to 992 to be important for full wild-type (wt) growth, and only aa 507 to 727 to be unimportant (S. Maruo, Y. Wu, T. Ito, T. Kanda, E. D. Kieff, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:4419-4424, 2009). When mutants with smaller deletions were used, only aa 51 to 400 and 851 to 900 were essential for LCL growth; aa 447 to 544, 701 to 750, 801 to 850, and 901 to 992 were important for full wt growth; and aa 4 to 50, 401 to 450, 550 to 707, and 751 to 800 were unimportant. These data reduce the EBNA3C essential residues from 68% to 40% of the open reading frame. Point mutations confirmed RBP-Jκ binding to be essential for wt growth and indicated that SUMO and CtBP binding interactions were important only for full wt growth. EBNA3C aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 were necessary for maintaining LCL growth, but not RBP-Jκ interaction, and likely mediate interactions with other key cell proteins. Moreover, all mutants null for LCL growth had fewer S+G2/M-phase cells at 14 days, consistent with EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ as well as aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 being required to suppress p16INK4A (S. Maruo, Y. Wu, S. Ishikawa, T. Kanda, D. Iwakiri, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:19500-19505, 2006). We have confirmed that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 and discovered that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 through RBP-Jκ, indicating a central role for EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ in mediating cell gene transcription.

In this work, study the optical properties of composites consisting of poly Methyl Methacrylate and Berry Paper Mulberry. The samples of composites were prepared using casting method .The Berry Paper Mulberry (BPM) was added by different concentrations are (0, 2, 4 and 6)wt.%. The optical properties of composites have been studied in the wavelength range (200-800)nm. The absorption coefficient ,energy gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constants have been determined. The results show that the optical constants change with increase of BPM concentrations .

Abstract. The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) exhibits different glacial–interglacial climate variability compared to high latitudes, and its sea surface temperatures are thought to respond primarily to changes in greenhouse forcing. To better characterize the orbital-scale climate response covering the WPWP, we constructed a planktonic δ18O stack (average) of 10 previously published WPWP records of the last 800 kyr, available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10211900 (Bowman et al., 2023), using the new Bayesian alignment and stacking software BIGMACS (Lee et al., 2023b). Similarities in stack uncertainty between the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack and benthic δ18O stacks, also constructed using BIGMACS, demonstrate that the software performs similarly well when aligning regional planktonic or benthic δ18O data. A total of 65 radiocarbon dates from the upper portion of five of the WPWP cores suggest that WPWP planktonic δ18O change is nearly synchronous with global benthic δ18O during the last glacial termination. However, the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack exhibits a smaller glacial–interglacial amplitude and less spectral power at all orbital frequencies than benthic δ18O. We assert that the WPWP planktonic δ18O stack provides a useful representation of orbital-scale regional climate response and a valuable regional alignment target, particularly over the 0 to 450 ka portion of the stack.

Objective This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of 807 percutaneous wide-diameter bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHIs) in 701 patients. In addition, it compares patient groups and examines bone conduction device (BCD) usage. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Mean follow-up period of 3.8 years. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients All patients implanted with a percutaneous wide-diameter BAHI until December 2020 were included. Patients were divided into age groups, “loading-time” groups, and, if applicable, specific subgroups thought to be at risk for complications postsurgery, e.g., intellectual disability and comorbidities. Main outcome measures Soft tissue reaction, implant survival, revision surgery, and BCD usage. Results In 9.1% of the 5,188 observations of 807 implants, an adverse soft tissue reaction was reported according to the Holgers’ scale. Significantly more (adverse) soft tissue reactions were observed in children and intellectually disabled (ID) patients (p < 0.05). Comorbidity subgroups showed no significant differences in soft tissue reactions. Implant loss percentage, including explantations, was 6.2%. Implant survival was significantly worse in patients with ID (14.1%; p = 0.021). Pediatric age, early loading, or comorbidities did not significantly influence implant survival. At least 592 implants (73.4%) were used for bone conduction hearing, of which 65.4% were used daily. Conclusion Both children and ID patients are more prone to (adverse) soft tissue reactions, ID patients only have a higher risk of implant loss. The rate of implant loss in children seemed to be reduced compared to previous studies and thus more comparable to adults since using wide-diameter implants.

Abstract Background Oxides of lanthanide rare-earth elements show great potential in the fields of imaging and therapeutics due to their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Oxides of lanthanide-based nanoparticles enable high-resolution imaging of biological tissues by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) imaging, and fluorescence imaging. In addition, they can be used to detect, treat, and regulate diseases by fine-tuning their structure and function. It remains challenging to achieve safer, efficient, and more sensitive nanoparticles for clinical applications through the structural design of functional and nanostructured rare-earth materials. Result In this study, we designed a mesoporous silica-coated core–shell structure of europium oxide ions to obtain near-infrared two-photon excitation fluorescence while maintaining high contrast and resolution in MRI. We designed enhanced 800 nm photoexcitation nanostructures, which were simulated by the finite-difference method (FDM) and finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The nanoparticle structure, two-photon absorption, up-conversion fluorescence, magnetic properties, cytotoxicity, and MRI were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The nanoparticle has an extremely strong optical fluorescence response and multiple excitation peaks in the visible light band under the 405 nm continuous-wave laser excitation. The nanoparticle was found to possess typical optical nonlinearity induced by two-photon absorption by ultrafast laser Z-scan technique. Two-photon excited fluorescence of visible red light at wavelengths of 615 nm and 701 nm, respectively, under excitation of the more biocompatible near-infrared (pulsed laser at 800 nm). In an in vitro MRI study, a T1 relaxation rate of 6.24 mM−1 s−1 was observed. MRI in vivo showed that the nanoparticles could significantly enhance the signal intensity in liver tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that this sample has applied potential in visible light fluorescence imaging and MRI.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jordan university hospital to evaluate the impact of microbial culture data and sensitivity results on optimizing UTI treatment.Methods: All positive urine cultures requested for adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to Jordan University Hospital (JUH) within the period from January 2019–July 2021 were evaluated. The antibiotics prescribed before and after culture data and sensitivity results were compared to evaluate the impact of these diagnostic measures on optimizing UTI treatment.Results: During the study period, 2400 urine cultures revealed positive results. Among those patients, 1,600 (66.7%) were discharged before the availability of culture results and excluded. Of the remaining 800 patients, 701 patients (87.6%) received empiric treatment. After culture and sensitivity results were available, overall, 84 (10.5%) patients had optimization (improvement) in their UTI management after culture results were known, while 6 (0.8%) patients had a worsening in their treatments. Based on the culture results, we found that only 12.4% of patients were appropriately treated before and after the culture results. Moreover, our results revealed that 31.9% were inappropriately treated for their UTIs before and after culture results.Conclusion: This study revealed an alarmingly high rate of inappropriate treatment of UTIs despite the availability of urine culture and sensitivity data, and that culture results were not used to optimize treatment strategies for UTI. This practice can potentially result in poor health-related outcomes and adversely affects efforts to battle AMR. Multifaceted strategies must be implemented to help clinicians follow the best current evidence and current guidelines in their selection of antibiotics for the management of UTIs.

Abstract Background Screening of unvaccinated women remains essential to mitigate the high morbidity/mortality of cervical cancer. Here, we compared visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), recommended by WHO as the most cost-effective screening approach in LMICs, with HPV-based screening, and usage of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology. Methods We prospectively enrolled women participating in a VIA-based cervical cancer screening program in two peri-urban health centers of Kenya. Consenting women had a VIA examination preceded by collection of a liquid-based cytology sample from the cervix stored in PreservCyt medium (Hologic®). Analysis of all samples included a hrHPV DNA test and evaluation of a p16INK4a /Ki-67 (CINtecPLUS®) dual stained slide that was prepared using the ThinPrep® 2000 Processor and evaluated by a pathologist trained in the methodology. Results In 701 of a total of 800 women aged 18–64 years, all three investigations were performed and data could be analyzed. The HPV, VIA and dual stain cytology positivity were 33%, 7%, and 2% respectively. The HPV positivity rate of VIA positive cases was 32%. The five most common HPV types were HPV16, 52, 68, 58 and 35. The OR among HIV infected women of an HPV infection, VIA positivity and positive dual stain cytology were 2.6 (95%CI 1.5–4.3), 1.9 (95%CI 0.89–4.4) and 3.4 (95%CI 1.07–10.9) respectively. The sensitivity of VIA to detect a p16INK4a/Ki-67 positive transforming infection was 13% (95%CI 2–38). Conclusions Primary HPV testing appears feasible and should be considered as a primary screening test also in LMICs. The poor sensitivity of VIA renders it unsuitable as a triage test for HPV positive women. The utility of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology as a triage test for HPV positive women in LMICs should be further studied.

Abstract Background Cystatin C is a low molecular weight non-glycosylated alkaline protein, with a molecular weight of 13kDa. It is formed by all nucleated cells in human at a constant rate. The only pathway of Cystatin C in vivo is excretion through glomerular filtration and absorbed by proximal renal tubular epithelial cells, which was decomposed finally. Therefore, the concentration of Cystatin C in serum is almost not affected by external factors, such as weight, age, gender, etc. Compared with creatinine and urea, it is an ideal endogenous marker for monitoring glomerular filtration function. Currently, the most methods on the market for testing Cystatin C are either latex enhanced immunoturbidimetric method, or immunoturbidimetric method. These methods usually use polyclonal antibodies from different animal species, which are sometime susceptible to the interference from rheumatoid factors reported in the literature, resulting in false positive results. The anti-RF interference ability of this reagent was enhanced by selecting the optimal antibody and optimizing reagent formulation. This study evaluated performances of the Cystatin C assay on Mindray BS-2000M system. Method Mindray Cystatin C assay is based on latex immunno-agglutination. Latex nanoparticles were coated with anti-Cystatin C antibody. Reagent of this assay contains R1 buffer and R2 with latex particles coupled with anti-Cystatin C antibodies. The assay starts with R1 and sample incubation for 5 min and then R2 is added. After another 5 min of incubation, agglutination occurs, leading to turbidity increasing. The turbidity is measured at 570 nm. Multi-level (5-point) calibration is used. Cystatin C concentrations are obtained from the calibration curve with signals from the assay with patient samples. Following basic assay performances were evaluated: precision, limit of detection, linearity, method comparison, interference and high dose hook. Results The precision study followed EP05-03 protocol. The repeatability and within-lab CVs on the BS-2000M system with 2 QC and 3 patient samples were ranged from 0.9% to 5.3%, respectively. Limit of detection was 0.1 mg/L and linearity was given up to 8.63 mg/L. The assay (y) shows good accuracy when compared with Roche Cystatin C (x) assay on the cobas 701: y = 1.0055x - 0.0268 (r2 = 0.9994, n = 109). The assay showed no significant with bilirubin up to 40 mg/dL, with hemoglobin up to 500 mg/dL, with lipids up to 500 mg/dL, and with rheumatoid factors up to 1200 IU/mL that is about 0.3% out of a total of 55 184 samples collected from our customers in China with RF measurements. No prozone was observed with the assay up to the high cystatin C concentration of 800 mg/L tested. Conclusion From this evaluation, we confirmed that Mindray Cystatin C assay can measure serum Cystatin C precisely and accurately, and with good performance against rheumatoid factors interference. It is suitable for use in routine clinical laboratories.

ABSTRACTDiamond films were produced at a relatively low pressures (<1 Torr) by the ECR-PACVD method of gas mixtures containing CO (5%), H2 (95%) and traces of oxygen at substrate temperatures from ambient (no intentional heating) to 1050°C. Faceted surface morphologies were observed even at the lowest temperature of growth. The microstructure is dominated by octahedral crystals below 600°C, by cubic crystals at 800–900°C, and by multiply twined (111) crystals at temperatures higher than 950°C. The weak temperature dependence of the growth rate is consistent with hydrogen abstraction from the growing surface being the rate controlling step.

En el Ecuador, el gobierno desde el año 2010 asumió el control de admisión de los estudiantes a la Educación Superior, estableciendo nuevos métodos de ingreso a las universidades públicas del país, el mecanismo más significativo y de mayor debate e impacto fue la introducción del Examen Nacional para la Educación Superior (ENES) que se tomó por primera vez en 2011 y que modificó drásticamente el mecanismo de ingreso a la educación de tercer nivel en Ecuador y provocó multiples efectos que han sido poco estudidos; por lo que, con la presente investigación pretendemos contribuir a conocer este fenómeno mediante el analisis algunos de los problemas presentados a los estudiantes de la carrera de Agronomía de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH) de la ciudad de Riobamba, provincia Chimborazo. Para realizar el presente trabajo se aplicaron encuestas a los estudiantes que se encontraban matriculados en el primer semestre de la carrera de Agronomía para el período académico octubre de 2016 y marzo de 2017, considerando aspectos como la auto-identificación étnica, sexo, edad, provincia y cantón en la que se encuentra el colegio en el que se graduó como bachiller, el número de postulaciones que realizó para lograr un cupo en la carrera deseada por los estudiantes de acuerdo a los cupos ofertados en el Sistema Nacional de Nivelación y Admisión. También se consideran aspectos como el egreso económico que las familias tuvieron que realizar para preparar a sus hijos para obtener mejores puntajes y los gastos que están realizando para que ellos estudien en la ESPOCH en la ciudad de Riobamba. Entre los resultados mas significativos obtenidos tenemos que el el 50.4% mujeres y 49.6% hombres; el 83% de los estudiantes matriculados en el primer semestre de la carrera de Agronomía se autoidentificó como mestizo, el 15% como indígena y un 2% como afroecuatoriano; el 78% se graduó en colegios fiscales, el 13% en colegios particulares y el 9% en fiscomisionales. El 67.37% proviene de la provincia de Chimborazo y el 51.6% es de Riobamba. Para ingresar a la carrera el 55,8% realizó una postulación, 2 el 33,7%; 3 ocasiones el 7,4%; y, mas de 4 oportunidades el 2,1%. En cuanto al puntaje en la primera postulación los resultados fueron el 62,92% entre 701 y 800 puntos; el 26,97% entre 601 y 700 puntos; el 6,74% de 801 a 900 puntos. El 51% se inscribió en cursos prepratorios para realizar el examen; y el 73.91% dijo que le fue útil, pero solo el 6.74% alcanzo notas entre 801 y 900 puntos en la primera postulación puntajes que solo al 47% de los estudiantes les permitió lograr un cupo para la carrera que ellos deseaban. El 46% se vio en la necesidad de cambian su lugar de residencia para realizar sus estudios, de ellos el 64% lo hizo desde otra provincia, lo que implica que debe realizar gastos para su estadía. Este es un trabajo pionero, que parte desde el punto de vista de los estudiantes y presenta las primeras evidencias empíricas y nos da pistas para tratar de comprender lo que está sucediendo con la aplicación del ENES, tanto en los efectos como en las consecuencias que está teniendo la implementación del sistema de ingreso a las universidades ecuatorianas que tiene a esta prueba como su eje angular, también proporciona datos para dilucidar algunos mitos que se han construido alrededor de este instrumento, que a su vez pueden servir para la realización de nuevas investigaciones. In Ecuador, the government since 2010 assumed control of admission of students to Higher Education, establishing new methods of admission to public universities in the country, the most significant mechanism and the most debate and impact was the introduction of the Exam National for Higher Education (ENES) which was taken for the first time in 2011 and drastically modified the mechanism of entry to third level education in Ecuador and caused multiple effects that have been little studied; so, with this research we intend to contribute to know this phenomenon by analyzing some of the problems presented to the students of the career of Agronomy of the Faculty of Natural Resources of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH) of the city of Riobamba, Chimborazo province.To carry out this work, surveys were applied to students who were enrolled in the first semester of the Agronomy career for the academic period October 2016 and March 2017, considering aspects such as ethnic self-identification, sex, age, province and the canton in which the college where he graduated as a bachelor is located, the number of applications he made to achieve a quota in the career desired by the students according to the quotas offered in the National Leveling and Admission System. They also consider aspects such as the economic income that families had to make to prepare their children to obtain better scores and the expenses, they are making so that they study at the ESPOCH in the city of Riobamba. Among the most significant results obtained we have that 50.4% women and 49.6% men; 83% of students enrolled in the first semester of Agronomy self-identified as mestizo, 15% as indigenous and 2% as Afro-Ecuadorian; 78% graduated in tax colleges, 13% in private schools and 9% in fiscomisionales. 67.37% comes from the province of Chimborazo and 51.6% comes from Riobamba. To enter the race, 55.8% made a nomination, 2 33.7%; 3 occasions 7.4%; and, more than 4 opportunities 2.1%. As for the score in the first application, the results were 62.92% between 701 and 800 points; 26.97% between 601 and 700 points; 6.74% from 801 to 900 points. 51% enrolled in prep courses to take the exam; and 73.91% said that it was useful, but only 6.74% reached scores between 801 and 900 points in the first postulation scores that only 47% of the students allowed them to achieve a quota for the career they wanted. 46% saw the need to change their place of residence to carry out their studies, of which 64% did so from another province, which implies that they must make expenses for their stay. This is a pioneering work, which starts from the point of view of the students and presents the first empirical evidence and gives us clues to try to understand what is happening with the application of the ENES, both in the effects and in the consequences that are having the implementation of the entrance system to the Ecuadorian universities that has this test as its cornerstone, it also provides data to elucidate some myths that have been built around this instrument, which in turn can be used to carry out new research. Palabras Claves: Examen Nacional de Educación Superior, educación superior, gratuidad, asignación de cupos, postulaciones. Keywords: National Examination of Higher Education, higher education, gratuity, quota allocation, applications.

Abstract0.1 and 30 keV Si2+ focused ion beams (FIB) were implanted in two types of GaAs, one of which is semi-insulating (s.i.) GaAs, while the other is grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Successive regrowth over the implanted surface was performed using MBE-FIB combined system, and the resistance was measured. It was found that for 100 eV Si2+ FIB implantation, the sample was nonconductive without a post annealing at 800°C. After the post annealing, however, the sample became conductive, and the resistance was the same order in magnitude as the sample fabricated using 30 keV Si + FIB irradiation. This suggests a potential of selective formation of Si δ-like doped layers in GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs using a low-energy FIB.

ABSTRACTThe demonstration of photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) in nanostructures of Si or Ge, such as those found in porous silicon, has significantly improved the prospects of all Si based photonic devices. While the physical mechanisms at work are still a subject of much study, it is clear that the luminescence is associated with the formation of nanometer or “quantum” sized particles. Further, it is clear that prototype NanoCrystal Displays (NCDs) and communication devices are being fabricated in these material systems. We report here on the electroluminescent properties of nanometer sized particles in an SiO2 host matrix, which were fabricated by LPCVD techniques. The films have demonstrated reproducible emission from well below 400 nm to well above 800 nm. We believe that dispersion effects of the nanocrystals can account for "white" light emission. The films have been characterized using PL, Raman, XRD, TEM, and SIMS. The nanocrystals are primarily in the 2-7 nm range although larger crystal clusters are also observed. The development of stable and efficient Si or Ge nanocrystalline EL based devices could find applications in lamps/LEDs, photonic integrated circuits, and displays.

ABSTRACTRaman spectroscopy and TEM measurements were recently performed on a series of polyparaphenylene (PPP)-based carbon samples which were heat-treated to temperatures between 600°C and 3000°C. Particular attention is focused on the development of carbonaceous structures at low heat-treatment temperatures (THT) in the range 600°C ≤ THT ≥ 800°C. PPP-based carbons heat treated in this temperature range have been found to have a very high affinity for the electrochemical introduction of lithium, which is of particular interest in ‘rocking-chair’ rechargeable Li batteries. Specific (Faradaic) capacities of up to 1120 mAh/g have been obtained for PPPbased carbon anodes with a THT of 700°C, which is about three times the capacity of GIC-based anode materials. At a heat-treatment temperature of 700° C, the PPPbased carbon has a disordered-granular appearance, as observed from TEM, while a ribbon-like graphitic structure is seen for heat treatment near 3000°C. Furthermore, Raman spectra show that, near a THT of 700° C, these PPP-based materials undergo a carbonization transformation from a mostly polymer-type extended lattice to a disordered carbon matrix, which undergoes partial graphitization at higher THT. Upon the introduction of small amounts of substitutionally-doped Boron (1% - 3% atomic), various properties are substantially modified. In this work we briefly discuss the effect of B-doping on the PPP-based carbon structure.

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are increasingly making impact in all areas of humanlife. Day by day, its chatty embedded devices have been generating tons of data requiring effectivenetwork infrastructure. To deliver millions of IoT messages back and fort with as few faults aspossible, participation of communication protocols like MQTT is a must. Lightweight blueprintand friendly battery are just two of many advantages of this protocol making it become a dominantin IoT world. In real application scenarios, distributed MQTT solutions are usually required sincecentralized MQTT approach is incapable of dealing with huge amount of data. Although distributedMQTT solutions are scalable, they do not adapt to fluctuations of traffic workload. This might costIoT service provider because of redundant computation resources. This leads to the need of a novelapproach that can adapt its size changes in workload. 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