Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „641.01/3“

One method to reduce levels of heavy metals from the waters is adsorption method by utilizing organic waste such as jackfruit peels. This research aims to utilize jackfruit peels pectin (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) as Cu (II) metal adsorbent the first to extract with 5% citric acid solvent for 120 minutes and characterize pectin from jackfruit peels as well measure the optimum contact time required pectin to adsorb Cu (II) metal with variations in time for 1, 2, 3 hours. The results showed the characterization pectin from jackfruit peels obtained was a yield of 9.9%, ash content 4.04%, moisture content 8%, equivalent weight 641.026 mg, methoxyl content 6.82%, galacturonic acid 45.76%, and the optimum contact time required pectin to adsorb Cu (II) metal, which is 2 hours with the precentage of absorption is 82,80%.

The crystal structure of perdeuterated methanol monoammoniate, CD3OD·ND3, has been solved from neutron powder diffraction data collected at 4.2 and 180 K. The crystal structure is orthorhombic, space groupPbca(Z= 8), with unit-cell dimensionsa= 11.02320 (7),b= 7.66074 (6),c= 7.59129 (6) Å,V= 641.053 (5) Å3[ρcalc= 1162.782 (9) kg m−3] at 4.2 K, anda= 11.21169 (5),b= 7.74663 (4),c= 7.68077 (5) Å,V= 667.097 (4) Å3[ρcalc= 1117.386 (7) kg m−3] at 180 K. The crystal structure was determined byab initiomethods from the powder data; atomic coordinates and anisotropic displacement parameters were subsequently refined by the Rietveld method toRp< 3% at both temperatures. The crystal comprises a sheet-like structure in thebccrystallographic plane, consisting of strongly hydrogen bonded elements; these sheets are stacked along theaaxis, and adjacent sheets are linked by what may be comparatively weak C—D...O hydrogen bonds. Within the strongly bonded sheet structure, ND3molecules are tetrahedrally coordinated by the hydroxy moieties of the methanol molecule, accepting one hydrogen bond (O—D...N) of length ∼1.75 Å, and donating three hydrogen bonds (N—D...O) of length 2.15–2.25 Å. Two of the methyl deuterons appear to participate in weak interlayer hydrogen bonds (C—D...O) of length 2.7–2.8 Å. The hydrogen bonds are ordered at both 4.2 and 180 K. The relative volume change on warming from 4.2 to 180 K, ΔV/V, is +4.06%, which is comparable to, but more nearly isotropic (as determined from the relative change in axial lengths,e.g.Δa/a) than, that observed in deuterated methanol monohydrate.

Abstract Abstract 128 The treatment of elderly patients (pts) with AML remains challenging. High treatment associated mortality using protocols developed for younger patients and high relapse rates for pts reaching CR are frequent causes of failure, while many pts are assessed as ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Patient registration at diagnosis to check for patient allocation or the use of age-adjusted induction protocols to reduce treatment related mortality may improve the management of these pts. In a prospective German Intergroup Study for patients ≥ 60 years, comparable to a completed study for patients < 60 years (Büchner JCO 2012 in press), the outcomes from two study groups using specific induction and consolidation protocols were compared to a common standard arm (CSA). By October 2011, 1041 pts had been randomized to the study-specific regimens or CSA in a 9:1 ratio. Eighty four patients (8%) were excluded due to incorrect diagnosis, secondary neoplasias or other reasons. Treatment in the CSA consisted of araC [100 mg/m2 continuous infusion (c.i.) d1-7] and daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 i.v. on d3- 5). A second induction was given if marrow blasts ≥5% on d15. Pts in CR received two consolidations with araC (1 g/m2 i.v. bid on d1, 3 und 5). The OSHO study group (group A) investigated araC (1 g/m2 i.v. bid d1, 3, 5) plus mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2 d1-3) for induction and araC (0.5 g/m2 i.v. bid d1, 3, 5) plus mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2 d1-2) for consolidation, while the AMLCG (group B) analyzed TAD (ara-C 100 mg/m2 c.i. d1,2; ara-C 100 mg/m2 bid i.v. d3-8)-HAM (ara-C 1g/m2bid i.v. d1-3) vs HAM-HAM ± G-CSF in pts with ≥5% blasts and TAD as consolidation followed by maintenance. Of 957 eligible pts, the median age was 69 (range: 60–87) years (68, 70 and 67 years for A, B and CSA, respectively; p<0.03), 45% were female (with no imbalance between groups) and 61% had de novo AML. Significantly more secondary AML were present in group A than in group B or CSA (A 43%, B 28%, CSA 37%, p<0.0001). Risk factors were unevenly distributed with significantly more favorable cytogenetics in group A (15%) than in group B (7%; p=0.0139). There were fewer patients with favorable molecular markers (NPM1 mut/FLT3 wt) in group B than in group A or the CSA (CSA 36%, A 29%, B 16%, p=0.04). No difference was detected in baseline white blood cell counts (WBC) between the three arms, but there was a trend to a higher serum LDH in group A (p=0.06). Induction therapy led to CR in 71% and 68% of pts in the standard and study arms respectively with early death rates of 20% and 21%. Nine percent of pts in the CSA and 6% in the study group arms had persistent AML. The results after 90 days are available for 743 patients with a CR rate of 56% in the study arms and 50% in the CSA. At 90 days, 156 patients had died with no difference between CSA and study groups (22.0 vs. 21.0% respectively). Persistent AML was present in 21% of the patients in the CSA, but in only 16% of the study arms. Univariate (Χ2and Mann-Whitney U-test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression, Wald test) were performed to identify risk factors. CR after 90 days was more frequent in pts with de novo AML than in those with secondary AML (60.7% vs. 47.9%; p=0.0007) and also higher in pts with favorable as compared with intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics (68.1% vs 55.0% vs 48.4%; p=0.0107). Pts in CR after 90 days were younger (mean [95% CI]: 68.3 years [67.9; 68.8] vs 69.4 years [68.8; 70.0]; p=0.0067) and had a lower WBC than pts without CR (27.5 per μL [22.6; 32.3] vs 36.1 per μL [29.7; 42.6]; p=0.0077). LDH was higher in pts without CR after 90 days (641.0 U/l [537.1; 744.8] vs 536.0 U/l [461.3; 610.8]; p=0.0041). The percentage of bone marrow blasts, treatment groups, sex, FAB and NPM1/FLT3 mutation status had no significant influence on treatment outcome at 90 days. AML diagnosis (de novo or secondary; p=0.0002), cytogenetic risk (p=0.0114), age (p=0.0069) and WBC (p=0.0025) were independent factors influencing the CR rate. Adjusted overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) showed no significant differences between the groups after a median follow up of 33 months. In conclusion, high CR rates can be achieved in elderly patients with AML. The CR-rate is dependent upon the type of AML (de novo or secondary), cytogenetic risk, age and WBC at diagnosis in a multivariate analysis. No differences have been detected in the CR rates between the three arms to date. Further follow up is needed to detect differences in OS and EFS. Disclosures: Hoffmann: Novartis Pharma: Research Funding.

Background In addition to classical biomarkers of sepsis such as C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic acid, and procalcitonin (PCT), new parameters such as immature granulocytes (IG), which can be obtained from automated hematology analyzers without any additional cost, have been recently proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of sepsis and the evaluation of its severity. Recently launched automatic hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-2000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) can provide 36 routine items as well as 57 items of cell population data (CPD) which reflect detailed status of cells examined. In this study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of CPD items as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis, discrimination of sepsis severity, and prediction of outcome in sepsis patients. Methods A total of 280 normal controls (NCs) and 130 patients diagnosed as bacterial sepsis were enrolled in this study. The sepsis patients were classified into uncomplicated sepsis (N=29) and complicated sepsis (N=101, defined as severe sepsis and and septic shock) depending on the sepsis severity at the time of sampling. A total of 93 items (36 routine and 53 CPD) were obtained from the Sysmex XN-2000 automatic hematology analyzer and the results were compared between NC and sepsis group at first and between uncomplicated and complicated sepsis group later. In items with significant differences between 2 groups, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate discrimination power of the item between 2 groups. In addition, the results of 93 items were compared between survivors and non-survivors after 28 days from the time of sampling, and ROC analysis was also performed to compare the prediction power of the 28-day mortality of each item which showed significant differences between 2 groups. Results Among the total 93 items, a total of 21 items showed area under the curve (AUC) more than 0.900 for the discrimination of sepsis patients from NCs. These include routine items such as hematocrit (best cutoff values ≤ 37.2%, AUC 0.964), hemoglobin (≤ 11.7 g/dL AUC 0.961), IG (≥ 0.5%, AUC 0.961), CV of RDW (> 13.7%, AUC 0.951), proportion of lymphocytes (≤ 18.5%, AUC 0.941) and neutrophils (> 72.2%, AUC 0.914). Notably, CPD items NE-SFL (defined as the fluorescent light intensity of the neutrophil area on the WDF scattergram) and NE-WY (defined as the fluorescent light distribution width of the neutrophil area on the WDF scattergram) showed comparative AUC of 0.909 (> 51.6 for NE-SFL) and 0.905 (> 641.0 for NE-WY). However, for the discrimination of sepsis severity, the overall performance of all items was relatively poor and only 3 red blood cell CPD items such as RET-UPP (defined as the count in the upper area of the RET scattergram, ≤ 2.0%, AUC of 0.662), reticulocyte hemoglobin (>33.2 pg, AUC of 0.633), and MacroR (defined as the macrocytic RBC ratio, > 4.60%, AUC of 0.607) and only 1 granulocyte CPD item NE-SFL (> 57.6, AUC of 0.603) showed AUC more than 0.600. The performance of classical sepsis biomarkers was also not satisfactory (AUC of 0.695, 0.543, and 0.537 for lactic acid, CRP, and PCT). For the prediction of 28-day mortality, the overall performance of all items was also not good and only 4 routine items such as CV of RDW (> 15.4%, AUC of 0.766), platelet counts (< 54,000/µL, AUC of 0.677), absolute number of neutrophils (> 12,120/µL, AUC of 0.665), absolute number of reticulocytes (> 2.89 x 106/µL, AUC of 0.650), and 1 CPD item RET-TNC (defined as the count in the TNC area of the RET scattergram, > 125.00, AUC of 0.692) showed AUC of more than 0.650. These results were not superior compared with those from classical sepsis biomarkers (AUC of 0.712, 0.547, and 0.592 for lactic acid, CRP, and PCT). Conclusion IG%, the proportion of neutrophils, and 2 granulocytic CPD items (NE-SFL and NE-WY) could discriminate sepsis patients from normal controls when their values increase (which means neutrophil immaturity or activation). Several CPD items showed similar performance compared with lactic acid and slightly better performance than CRP and PCT for the discrimination of sepsis severity and prediction of 28-day mortality. Therefore, it can be speculated that the CPD items of neutrophil immaturity or activation can contribute partly to the discrimination of sepsis patients from NCs, but these items do not discriminate sepsis severity and predict 28-day mortality in sepsis patients as the classical sepsis biomarkers do not. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 leads, in most patients, to mild-to-moderate symptoms, but some develop severe disease and succumbed to death. People with medical conditions have a higher risk of death than those without them. Chagas disease (CD) can cause cardiac diseases in approximately one-third of affected people. The aim of this study is to find out if there is any clinical association between Chagas disease and COVID-19 severity. This is a cohort study of 29 patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and had a diagnosis of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. This coinfected cohort was matched by sex, age, presence of comorbidities, and requirement of hospitalization on intensive care unit (ICU) at admission with a control cohort of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 without CD in a 3:1 ratio (n = 87). The clinical outcomes evaluated were as follows: days of hospitalization, death, and requirement of ICU and mechanical respiratory assistance (MV). The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics in Research Committee. The Chagas disease/COVID-19 coinfected cohort had a median age of 55 years old (49.0, 66.0); 17 (59%) were male. All patients survived the acute COVID-19. Three of them were admitted to the ICU, and two required MV. Twenty-two (75.8%) required supplemental oxygen. There were no statistical differences in any laboratory parameters between the groups except for lactic acid dehydrogenase, which showed higher levels in the coinfected cohort, with a median of 573 U/L (interquartile range: 486.00, 771.00) vs. 476 U/L (346.00, 641.00) in the control group (p = 0.007). There were no differences in clinical outcomes between both groups. On the cohort with Chagas disease, there were zero deaths, three (10.3%) were admitted in the ICU, and two (6.9%) required MV, while for the control group there were six deaths (6.6%), 13 required ICU (14.9%), and 11 required MV (12.6%), without a statistically significant difference. This small series of coinfected Chagas disease and COVID-19 does not suggest differences in clinical evolution compared to non-Chagas patients. This data is similar to a Brazilian cohort. More data of this population with and without cardiomyopathy is needed to optimize the follow-up and recommendation for the population affected by this neglected tropical disease about COVID-19.