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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „3D Basemaps“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "3D Basemaps"
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Buyukdemircioglu, Mehmet, Sultan Kocaman und Umit Isikdag. „Semi-Automatic 3D City Model Generation from Large-Format Aerial Images“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, Nr. 9 (22.08.2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090339.
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3D city models have become crucial for better city management, and can be used for various purposes such as disaster management, navigation, solar potential computation and planning simulations. 3D city models are not only visual models, and they can also be used for thematic queries and analyzes with the help of semantic data. The models can be produced using different data sources and methods. In this study, vector basemaps and large-format aerial images, which are regularly produced in accordance with the large scale map production regulations in Turkey, have been used to develop a workflow for semi-automatic 3D city model generation. The aim of this study is to propose a procedure for the production of 3D city models from existing aerial photogrammetric datasets without additional data acquisition efforts and/or costly manual editing. To prove the methodology, a 3D city model has been generated with semi-automatic methods at LoD2 (Level of Detail 2) of CityGML (City Geographic Markup Language) using the data of the study area over Cesme Town of Izmir Province, Turkey. The generated model is automatically textured and additional developments have been performed for 3D visualization of the model on the web. The problems encountered throughout the study and approaches to solve them are presented here. Consequently, the approach introduced in this study yields promising results for low-cost 3D city model production with the data at hand.
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Gevaert, C. M., C. Persello, R. Sliuzas und G. Vosselman. „CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF 2D AND 3D FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM UAV DATA“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (06.06.2016): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-317-2016.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are capable of providing very high resolution and up-to-date information to support informal settlement upgrading projects. In order to provide accurate basemaps, urban scene understanding through the identification and classification of buildings and terrain is imperative. However, common characteristics of informal settlements such as small, irregular buildings with heterogeneous roof material and large presence of clutter challenge state-of-the-art algorithms. Especially the dense buildings and steeply sloped terrain cause difficulties in identifying elevated objects. This work investigates how 2D radiometric and textural features, 2.5D topographic features, and 3D geometric features obtained from UAV imagery can be integrated to obtain a high classification accuracy in challenging classification problems for the analysis of informal settlements. It compares the utility of pixel-based and segment-based features obtained from an orthomosaic and DSM with point-based and segment-based features extracted from the point cloud to classify an unplanned settlement in Kigali, Rwanda. Findings show that the integration of 2D and 3D features leads to higher classification accuracies.
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Gevaert, C. M., C. Persello, R. Sliuzas und G. Vosselman. „CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF 2D AND 3D FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM UAV DATA“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (06.06.2016): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-317-2016.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are capable of providing very high resolution and up-to-date information to support informal settlement upgrading projects. In order to provide accurate basemaps, urban scene understanding through the identification and classification of buildings and terrain is imperative. However, common characteristics of informal settlements such as small, irregular buildings with heterogeneous roof material and large presence of clutter challenge state-of-the-art algorithms. Especially the dense buildings and steeply sloped terrain cause difficulties in identifying elevated objects. This work investigates how 2D radiometric and textural features, 2.5D topographic features, and 3D geometric features obtained from UAV imagery can be integrated to obtain a high classification accuracy in challenging classification problems for the analysis of informal settlements. It compares the utility of pixel-based and segment-based features obtained from an orthomosaic and DSM with point-based and segment-based features extracted from the point cloud to classify an unplanned settlement in Kigali, Rwanda. Findings show that the integration of 2D and 3D features leads to higher classification accuracies.
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Barelli, L., P. Paolini und G. Forti. „THE XII CENTURY TOWERS, A BENCHMARK OF THE ROME COUNTRYSIDE ALMOST CANCELLED: THE SAFEGUARD PLAN BY LOW COST UAV AND TERRESTRIAL DSM PHOTOGRAMMETRY SURVEYING AND 3D WEB GIS APPLICATIONS“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (13.11.2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-17-2017.
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“Giving a bird-fly look at the Rome countryside, throughout the Middle Age central period, it would show as if the multiple city towers has been widely spread around the territory” on a radial range of maximum thirty kilometers far from the Capitol Hill center (Carocci and Vendittelli, 2004).<br><br> This is the consequence of the phenomenon identified with the “Incasalamento” neologism, described in depth in the following paper, intended as the general process of expansion of the urban society interests outside the downtown limits, started from the half of the XII and developed through all the XIII century, slowing down and ending in the following years. From the XIX century till today the architectural finds of this reality have raised the interest of many national and international scientists, which aimed to study and catalog them all to create a complete framework that, cause of its extension, didn’t allow yet attempting any element by element detailed analysis. From the described situation has started our plan of intervention, we will apply integrated survey methods and technologies of terrestrial and UAV near stereo-photogrammetry, by the use of low cost drones, more than action cameras and reflex on extensible rods, integrated and referenced with GPS and topographic survey. In the final project we intend to produce some 3D scaled and textured surface models of any artifact (almost two hundreds were firstly observed still standing), to singularly study the dimensions and structure, to analyze the building materials and details and to formulate an hypothesis about any function, based even on the position along the territory. These models, successively georeferenced, will be imported into a 2D and 3D WebGIS and organized in layers made visible on basemaps of reference, as much as on historical maps.
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Manousakis, J., D. Zekkos, F. Saroglou und M. Clark. „COMPARISON OF UAV-ENABLED PHOTOGRAMMETRY-BASED 3D POINT CLOUDS AND INTERPOLATED DSMs OF SLOPING TERRAIN FOR ROCKFALL HAZARD ANALYSIS“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W2 (05.10.2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w2-71-2016.
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UAVs are expected to be particularly valuable to define topography for natural slopes that may be prone to geological hazards, such as landslides or rockfalls. UAV-enabled imagery and aerial mapping can lead to fast and accurate qualitative and quantitative results for photo documentation as well as basemap 3D analysis that can be used for geotechnical stability analyses. In this contribution, the case study of a rockfall near Ponti village that was triggered during the November 17th 2015 M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 earthquake in Lefkada, Greece is presented with a focus on feature recognition and 3D terrain model development for use in rockfall hazard analysis. A significant advantage of the UAV was the ability to identify from aerial views the rockfall trajectory along the terrain, the accuracy of which is crucial to subsequent geotechnical back-analysis. Fast static GPS control points were measured for optimizing internal and external camera parameters and model georeferencing. Emphasis is given on an assessment of the error associated with the basemap when fewer and poorly distributed ground control points are available. Results indicate that spatial distribution and image occurrences of control points throughout the mapped area and image block is essential in order to produce accurate geospatial data with minimum distortions.
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Nakamura, Naohiro, Naoto Yabushita, Takuya Suzuki, Jun Yamada, Naohiko Tsunashima und Tomio Nakano. „Analyses of reactor building by 3D nonlinear FEM models considering basemat uplift for simultaneous horizontal and vertical ground motions“. Nuclear Engineering and Design 238, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2008): 3551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.06.005.
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Sidiropoulos, Panagiotis, und Jan-Peter Muller. „BATCH CO-REGISTRATION OF MARS HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES TO HRSC MC11-E MOSAIC“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14.06.2016): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-491-2016.
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Four NASA missions over the last forty years with onboard instruments for high-resolution orbital imaging have achieved both global coverage (with 6m CTX, 20m THEMIS-VIS and >8m Viking Orbiter cameras) as well as imaging with very high resolution in specific regions of interest (e.g. 25cm HiRISE and ≈1.5-12m MOC-NA cameras). Overall, this set of cameras have acquired more than 400,000 high-quality images of Mars with resolution between 25cm/pixel and 100m/pixel (Sidiropoulos and Muller, 2015). On the other hand, ESA has sent the only high-resolution stereo photogrammetric camera around Mars, HRSC onboard the Mars Express spacecraft, which has been mapping the Martian surface since 2004 with a resolution of 12.5 m/pixel (Jaumann et al., 2015). Initially the raw images are combined through an elaborate photogrammetric process to get (single-strip) 3D products (i.e. digital terrain models (DTMs) and derived orthorectified images (ORIs)). However, recently the processing chain has changed, and the single-strip product release was temporarily halted to be replaced by the production and release of mosaics of Mars quadrangles. The first product of this kind is the mosaic for the East part of quadrangle MC11 (i.e. the MC11-E mosaic), a product with 12.5 metres per pixel resolution in the panchromatic image and 50 metres per pixel resolution in the corresponding DTM (Gwinner et al., 2015). <br><br> Such a product provides an excellent basemap to co-register and orthorectify all NASA high-resolution (≤100m/pixel) orbital images. The need for this co-registration to HRSC comes from their poor areo-referencing, which often leads to large deviations (reaching up to several kilometres) between the area they are supposed to image and the area they are actually imaging. After co-registration, all products are projected onto an common 3D coordinate system, which allows an examination of dynamic features of Mars through the changes that happen on its surface. In this work, we present the results of the batch coregistration of all NASA high-resolution orbiter images of MC11-E, i.e. almost 8,000 images in total. This task was conducted with an in-house pipeline which was modified in order to handle the different parameters of the mosaic in comparison to single-strip HRSC products and to process the large input data volumes within a realistic time. An outline of the processing pipeline is given, along with examples of co-registered images and statistics of the co-registration performance. We demonstrate how such a time series representation of the surface will open up new areas for exploration and understanding of the Martian surface.
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Sidiropoulos, Panagiotis, und Jan-Peter Muller. „BATCH CO-REGISTRATION OF MARS HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES TO HRSC MC11-E MOSAIC“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14.06.2016): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-491-2016.
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Four NASA missions over the last forty years with onboard instruments for high-resolution orbital imaging have achieved both global coverage (with 6m CTX, 20m THEMIS-VIS and >8m Viking Orbiter cameras) as well as imaging with very high resolution in specific regions of interest (e.g. 25cm HiRISE and ≈1.5-12m MOC-NA cameras). Overall, this set of cameras have acquired more than 400,000 high-quality images of Mars with resolution between 25cm/pixel and 100m/pixel (Sidiropoulos and Muller, 2015). On the other hand, ESA has sent the only high-resolution stereo photogrammetric camera around Mars, HRSC onboard the Mars Express spacecraft, which has been mapping the Martian surface since 2004 with a resolution of 12.5 m/pixel (Jaumann et al., 2015). Initially the raw images are combined through an elaborate photogrammetric process to get (single-strip) 3D products (i.e. digital terrain models (DTMs) and derived orthorectified images (ORIs)). However, recently the processing chain has changed, and the single-strip product release was temporarily halted to be replaced by the production and release of mosaics of Mars quadrangles. The first product of this kind is the mosaic for the East part of quadrangle MC11 (i.e. the MC11-E mosaic), a product with 12.5 metres per pixel resolution in the panchromatic image and 50 metres per pixel resolution in the corresponding DTM (Gwinner et al., 2015). <br><br> Such a product provides an excellent basemap to co-register and orthorectify all NASA high-resolution (≤100m/pixel) orbital images. The need for this co-registration to HRSC comes from their poor areo-referencing, which often leads to large deviations (reaching up to several kilometres) between the area they are supposed to image and the area they are actually imaging. After co-registration, all products are projected onto an common 3D coordinate system, which allows an examination of dynamic features of Mars through the changes that happen on its surface. In this work, we present the results of the batch coregistration of all NASA high-resolution orbiter images of MC11-E, i.e. almost 8,000 images in total. This task was conducted with an in-house pipeline which was modified in order to handle the different parameters of the mosaic in comparison to single-strip HRSC products and to process the large input data volumes within a realistic time. An outline of the processing pipeline is given, along with examples of co-registered images and statistics of the co-registration performance. We demonstrate how such a time series representation of the surface will open up new areas for exploration and understanding of the Martian surface.
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Airen, O. J., und P. S. Iyere. „Geophysical Investigation Using 3-Dimensional Grid-Formation for Subsurface Lithology Characterization (A Case Study of Ovia North East, Edo State, South South Nigeria)“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 06.04.2021, 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i130353.
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Geophysical investigations using three-dimensional (3D) grid formation was carried out in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria for subsurface lithology characterisation so as to generate a comprehensive basemap of the study area. Twelve (12) traverses in form of a rectangular grid were occupied for the 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) using the Wenner array. The 2D were all collated to form the 3D grid. The 2D Electrical Resistivity data was processed by the inversion of the 2D apparent resistivity data using the DIPRO software to generate the 2D inverted resistivity section while the 3D inverted resistivity model was done by inverting all the twelve traverses using 3DEarthimager software to model the 3D cube. The results of the 2D ERI revealed three (03) to five (05) resistivity structures across the twelve traverses indicating clay/clayey sand, sand and sandstone on a 200 and 300 m lateral distance and corresponding depth of 39.6 and 57.3 m across each traverses. Resistivity values generally varies from 16.8 – 45302 Ωm across Traverse 1 – 12. The layer horizontal depth slices of the 3D inverted resistivity distribution are in six layers, which are; 0 - 5 m, 5 – 10.8 m, 10.8 – 17.4 m, 17.4 – 25 m, 25 – 33.7 m and 33.7 – 43.8 m. The 3D inverted resistivity model within the study area covered lateral plane (the roll axis), 300 m, in the x plane (the pitch axis), 200 m lateral distance was covered and in the depth plane (the yaw axis), a maximum depth of 66 m is imaged. The inverted 3D Resistivity values generally vary from 189 - 6149 Ωm across the study area. The resistivity structures delineated from the 3D model are clayey sand and sand.
Dissertationen zum Thema "3D Basemaps"
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Fridh, Staffan. „Analys av punktmoln för 3D-modellering av byggnadstak : En jämförelse mellan LiDAR och fotogrammetriskt punktmoln“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84618.
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3D-modeller av urbana områden är en användbar och attraktiv produkt bland kommuner och företag. 3D-modeller kan ge en rad fördelar för att utföra analyser. Modellerna kan exempelvis användas för att visualisera översvämningar samt skapa buller- och siktanalyser. Med en virtuell 3D-stadsmodell kan analyser och utvärderingar utföras innan nybygg-nationer påbörjas.Syftet med studien är att i samråd med Karlstads kommun undersöka och jämföra vilket av Lantmäteriets punktmolnsdata (Laserdata Skog och Ytmodell från flygbilder) som lämpar sig bäst för 3D-modellering av byggnader. Den ena produkten består av ett LiDAR-punktmoln och den andra av ett fotogrammetriskt punktmoln. Syftet är även att kombinera produkterna för att undersöka om nackdelarna hos den ena produkten elimineras av fördelarna hos den andra.Genom kommunens baskarta och Esri’s plugin-program 3D Basemaps segmenterades byggnader utefter dess takformer. Takformerna modellerades och kopplades samman med vertikala väggar för att erhålla en 3D-modell. För att utvärdera de framtagna modellerna användes två metoder, en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ. I den kvantitativa jämförelsen analyserades främst byggnaders höjder i modellerna gentemot inmätta höjder på motsvarande byggnader. I studien undersöktes även fullständigheten i samtliga modeller. I den kvalitativa analysen genomfördes en enkät där samtliga modeller jämfördes mot referensbilder och deltagare röstade på den modellen de ansåg mest lik referensbilderna.Studien visar att modellen skapad med en kombination av Laserdata Skog och Ytmodell från flygbilder har den lägsta lägesosäkerhet i höjd på 0,2978 m gentemot inmätta punkter. Samma modell har även den högsta fullständigheten med 90 % av takformerna modellerade i studieområdet.Resultatet från den kvalitativa analysen visar även att samma modell fick 64,7 % av de totala rösterna i enkäten. Modellen fick även högst andel röster i samtliga frågor.