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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "338.609 44"
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Stefanoff, P., M. Eidson, D. L. Morse und A. Zielinski. „Evaluation of tickborne encephalitis case classification in Poland“. Eurosurveillance 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.10.01.00514-en.
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Central European tickborne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease of the central nervous system. Despite a surveillance system for TBE existing in Poland since 1970, there are no standardised case definitions and different diagnostic tests are used in various regions. The purpose of this study was to summarise four years of surveillance data using standardised case definitions. From 1999 to 2002, 607 cases of TBE were reported to Poland’s national surveillance system: 386 (63.6%) were males, 331 (54.5%) lived in rural areas, and 186 (30.6%) were between 30 and 50 years old. Of 606 diagnosed cases, 453 (74.7%) had aseptic meningitis, 109 (18.0%) had meningoencephalitis, and 44 (7.3%) had meningoencephalomyelitis. Of the 607 reported cases, 602 (99.2%) could be classified: 153 (25.4%) as confirmed, 343 (57.0%) as probable, and 106 (17.6%) as possible cases. There was a significant difference in classified cases by gender: 28.6% of male cases were classified as confirmed, compared with 19.7% of female cases (chi2= 10.48, p=0.0053). There was a significant difference in case classification by clinical diagnosis: 32.4% of cases with meningoencephalitis were classified as confirmed cases, compared with 24.7% of cases with aseptic meningitis (chi2=11.79, p=0.019). There were also significant differences in the distribution by case definition group across geographical regions. For appropriate monitoring of TBE, a uniform and valid case definition should be used in European countries. With only 25% of reported cases meeting the definition for confirmed cases, there is a need for more complete follow-up and standardised testing of suspect cases.
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Subedi, Deepak, Sumit Jyoti, Bhima Thapa, Sanjay Paudel, Prajjwal Shrestha, Deepak Sapkota, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt et al. „Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Poultry Farmers in Nepal“. Antibiotics 12, Nr. 9 (25.08.2023): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091369.
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The abuse and misuse of antibiotics is one of the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, AMR in food-producing animals is a significant public health concern. This study, therefore, assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR among poultry farmers in Nepal. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 605 poultry farmers from six districts of Nepal from May to June 2022 to assess the status of knowledge, attitude, as well as practices toward prudent antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR. The majority of the participants in our study were from the Chitwan district (31.6%; n = 191/605), aged 30–44 (54.2%; n = 328/605), males (70.4%; n = 426/605), and farmers with a higher secondary (28.76%; n = 174/605) level of education. The tetracyclines (28%, n = 228/828), aminoglycosides (23%, n = 188/828), and fluoroquinolones (15%, n = 126/828) were the most used antibiotics classes among poultry farmers. Although 87.8% (n = 531/605) of poultry farmers used antibiotics, 49.8% (n = 301/605) of them were aware of AMR, and 55.7% (n = 337/605) knew that the misuse of antimicrobials could affect human and environmental health. There were significant differences in the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR among farmers who reared different birds. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice score of the respondents were 7.81 ± 3.26, 5.8 ± 2.32, and 7.59 ± 3.38 when measured on a scale of 12, 10, and 15, respectively. Based on a cut-off of 75% of the maximum score, 49.4% (n = 299/605), 62.8% (n = 380/605), and 12.73% (n = 77/605) of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the positive predictors of good knowledge and attitude were male gender, higher level of education, district, and the types of birds (layers). Similarly, those of the male gender (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.38–8.20; p = 0.008) and those that rear layers (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.75–12.25; p = 0.003) were more likely to practice prudent usage of antimicrobials. The findings of this study show poor practice toward prudent antibiotic usage despite good knowledge of AMR. This study provides essential baseline data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of poultry farmers in Nepal and offers valuable insights that could help in the design of interventions and policies aimed at addressing illicit AMU and AMR in poultry in Nepal.
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Weber, Simone, Claudia Haferlach, Louisa Noel, Tamara Alpermann, Wolfgang Kern, Torsten Haferlach und Susanne Schnittger. „ERG Overexpression Is Highly Associated With ERG Gene Amplifications In Patients With Myeloid Malignancies“. Blood 122, Nr. 21 (15.11.2013): 3744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3744.3744.
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Abstract Background The proto-oncogene ERG is located on chromosome 21q22 and overexpression of ERG was shown to have an adverse impact on outcome in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML). Acquired gain of chromosome 21 (+21) is a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in AML, however, the pathogenetic impact remains elusive. Data indicate that +21 could be the underlying mechanism for altered expression of genes located in the respective regions, such as ERG, which might contribute to the pathogenesis in myeloid malignancies with +21. Aims 1) To investigate a possible relationship between ERG copy numbers and variations in ERG mRNA expression levels in patients (pts) with myeloid malignancies. 2) Analysis of ERG expression in CN-AML to reveal a possible association between ERG overexpression and other relevant molecular markers and to ascertain the prognostic impact of ERGin context of these markers. Methods ERG mRNA expression and ERG copy numbers were analyzed using a hydrolysis probe based real-time PCR assay. 1) To address ERG expression in relation to +21 the following cohorts were analyzed: 62 AML pts with a complex karyotype including +21 (CK+21); 44 AML pts with a non-complex aberrant karyotype including +21 (AK+21); 19 pts with various myeloid malignancies (10 de novo AML, 3 MDS, 1 s-AML, 2 t-AML, 1 MDS/AML, 1 t-MDS, 1 MDS/MPN) all of them showing ERG amplification by interphase FISH and array CGH (ERG-Amp). In addition, 32 CK-AML and 330 CN-AML pts without +21 or ERGamplification were analyzed. Results were expressed as mean values±SEM. Expression levels/DNA copy numbers were compared by t-test. 2)ERG expression was assessed in a cohort of 330 patients (<65 years) with de novo CN-AML. Female/male ratio was 169/161. To distinguish low from high ERG expressers the median %ERG/ABL1 level was used. BAALC expression levels were analyzed accordingly. Expression levels were correlated with clinical outcome and with the presence of mutations (mut) in ASXL1 (n=330), CEBPA (n=330), DNMT3A (n=261), FLT3-TKD (n=330), IDH1R132 (n=328), IDH2R140 (n=328), IDH2R172 (n=328), NPM1 (n=330), NRAS (n=330), RUNX1 (n=329), TET2 (n=166), WT1 (n=329) and FLT3-ITD (n=330), and with MLL-PTD (n=330) and BAALCexpression (n=328). Results 1) Analysis of pts with +21 or ERG-Amp revealed significantly higher expression levels of ERG in pts with +21 (AK+21 and CK+21 combined, 331 ± 28) and ERG-Amp (606 ± 127) as compared to pts with CN-AML (229 ± 10; p=0.001, p=0.008, respectively) or CK-AML (177 ± 36; p=0.001, p=0.004, respectively). Mean ERG expression was even higher in pts with ERG-Amp (606 ± 127) as compared to pts with +21 (331 ± 28, p=0.047). Quantification of ERG copy numbers on DNA level showed good correlation to ERG mRNA expression, with abundantly higher ERG DNA amount in +21 (3.25 ±0.14) and moreover in ERG-Amp (9.21 ±1.05) as compared to CN-AML and CK-AML (combined: 2.20 ± 0.05; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). 2) In CN-AML, %ERG/ABL1 levels ranged from 0.078 to 1,016.027 (median: 188.904). High ERG expression was associated with lower age (mean: 48.7 vs. 52.4 years, p=0.002), higher white blood cell (WBC) count (mean: 64.8 vs. 44.4 x 109/L, p=0.019), FLT3-ITDmut/wt ratio≥0.5 (51/165, 30.9% vs. 24/165, 14.5%, p=0.001), IDH2R172mut (6/164, 3.7% vs. 0/164, 0.0%, p=0.030) and high BAALC expression (104/164, 63.4% vs. 59/164, 36.0%, p<0.001), as compared to low ERG expression. In contrast, NPM1mut (91/165, 55.2% vs. 118/165, 71.5%, p=0.003), IDH1R132mut (10/165, 6.1% vs. 29/163, 17.8%, p=0.001) and TET2mut (10/76, 13.2% vs. 22/90, 24.4%, p=0.077) were less frequent in high ERG expressers. Survival analysis revealed inferior overall survival (OS at 3 years: 52.2% vs. 68.7%, p=0.021) and event free survival (EFS at 3 years: 34.6% vs. 43.1%, p=0.052) for high ERG expressers as compared to low ERG expressers. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, WBC, BAALC expression, FLT3-ITDmut/wt ratio≥0.5, MLL-PTD and WT1mut, high ERG expression revealed a trend towards an adverse impact on OS (p=0.069), while no impact on EFS was observed. Conclusions 1) Gain of chromosome 21 and especially amplification of chromosomal band 21q22 is a mechanism for ERG overexpression. This might indicate ERG as an important factor contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of myeloid malignancies with gain of chromosome 21. 2) In CN-AML, ERG overexpression is associated to several molecular markers and has a negative impact on OS and EFS. Disclosures: Weber: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Noel:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Alpermann:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Feng, Zhao Wei, Xu Jun Mi, Jiang Bo Wang, Zhi Shan Yuan und Jin Zhou. „Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Transformation Temperature and Texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9 Cold-Rolled Plate“. Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (Juli 2012): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1281.
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Transformation behaviors and texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9 cold-rolled plates were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction test. R phase transformation does not occur in Ni47Ti44Nb9cold-rolled plate annealed at 350°C-750°C followed by quenching into the water. Martensite transformation temperature first increases and then decreases with increment of annealing temperature, and the maximum achieves at 700°C. The heat of reverse martensite transformation increases, while hardness decreases as annealing temperature increases. The major texture of cold-rolled plate is {332} and spread from {332} to {110}. When the annealing temperature is above 600°C, the major textures are {332} and {111} recrystallization texture in secondary cold-rolled plate.
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Hálková, Tereza, Bohuš Bunganič, Eva Traboulsi, Marek Minárik, Miroslav Zavoral und Lucie Benešová. „Prognostic Role of Specific KRAS Mutations Detected in Aspiration and Liquid Biopsies from Patients with Pancreatic Cancer“. Genes 15, Nr. 10 (07.10.2024): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15101302.
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Background/Objectives: Although the overall survival prognosis of patients in advanced stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poor, typically ranging from days to months from diagnosis, there are rare cases of patients remaining in therapy for longer periods of time. Early estimations of survival prognosis would allow rational decisions on complex therapy interventions, including radical surgery and robust systemic therapy regimens. Understandably, there is great interest in finding prognostic markers that can be used for patient stratification. We determined the role of various KRAS mutations in the prognosis of PDAC patients using biopsy samples and circulating tumor DNA. Methods: A total of 118 patients with PDAC, clinically confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNB), were included in the study. DNA was extracted from cytological slides following a standard cytology evaluation to ensure adequacy (viability and quantity) and to mark the tumor cell fraction. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was extracted from plasma samples of 45 patients in stage IV of the disease. KRAS mutations in exons 12 and 13 were detected by denaturing capillary electrophoresis (DCE), revealing a minute presence of mutation-specific heteroduplexes. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated for individual KRAS mutation types. Results:KRAS mutations were detected in 90% of tissue (106/118) and 44% of plasma (20/45) samples. All mutations were localized at exon 2, codon 12, with G12D (GGT > GAT) being the most frequent at 44% (47/106) and 65% (13/20), followed by other types including G12V (GGT > GTT) at 31% (33/106) and 10% (2/20), G12R (GGT > CGT) at 17% (18/106) and 10% (2/20), G12C (GGT/TGT) at 5% (5/106) and 0% (0/20) and G12S (GGT/AGT) at 1% (1/106) and 5% (1/20) in tissue and plasma samples, respectively. Two patients had two mutations simultaneously (G12V + G12S and G12D + G12S) in both types of samples (2%, 2/106 and 10%, 2/20 in tissue and plasma samples, respectively). The median survival of patients with the G12D mutation in tissues was less than half that of other patients (median survival 101 days, 95% CI: 80–600 vs. 228 days, 95% CI: 184–602), with a statistically significant overall difference in survival (p = 0.0080, log-rank test), and furthermore it was less than that of all combined patients with other mutation types (101 days, 95% CI: 80–600 vs. 210 days, 95% CI: 161–602, p = 0.0166). For plasma samples, the survival of patients with this mutation was six times shorter than that of patients without the G12D mutation (27 days, 95% CI: 8–334 vs. 161 days, 95% CI: 107–536, p = 0.0200). In contrast, patients with detected KRAS G12R in the tissue survived nearly twice as long as other patients in the aggregate (286 days, 95% CI: 70–602 vs. 162 days, 95% CI: 122–600, p = 0.0374) or patients with other KRAS mutations (286 days, 95% CI: 70–602 vs. 137 days, 95% CI: 107–600, p = 0.0257). Conclusions: Differentiation of specific KRAS mutations in EUS-FNB and ctDNA (above all, the crucial G12D and G12R) is feasible in routine management of PDAC patients and imperative for assessment of prognosis.
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Pavlyuchik, E. N., A. D. Kapsamun, N. N. Ivanova, T. N. Panteleeva und N. A. Epifanova. „Agrophytocenoses based on promising varieties of meadow clover on drained lands of the Non-Chernozem zone“. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, Nr. 2 (22.04.2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.152-159.
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The article presents data of studies carried out in the northwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone (Tver region) in 2019. Studied were fodder mixtures based on meadow clover Kretunovsky, Green, Chance, Falensky 86 varieties mixed with variegated alfalfa Vega 87 variety and cereal components − timothy grass VIK 9 and meadow fescue Sakharovskaya varieties. The yield of dry weight of legumes and cereal grass stands of the first year of use during primary mowing in ferti-lized varieties was 4.4-6.9 t/ha at the height of grass stand of 66-77 cm and stalk density of 318-507 pcs/m2. The indicators in variants without fertilizers were lower, the height of the grass stand was 63-69 cm, the density was 334-595 pcs/m2 and the yield of fodder mass was 3.8-4.6 t/ha. Unfavorable climatic conditions during the period between mowings had a suppressive effect on growth and development of herbs, therefore, during the secondary mowing the height parameters of agrophytocenoses decreased by 1.2-1.3 times and did not exceed 32-44 cm against unfertilized background, 43-53 cm against a fertilized one. A decrease in shoot formation ability of herbs during the second mowing was not observed, the density of agrophytocenoses was at the level of 300-500 pcs/m. The yield of dry mass of the second mowing compared to the first mowing decreased by 1.3-1.7 times and was 2.2-5.4 t/ha. In the botanical composition of grass mixtures during the first mowing, leg-ume components prevailed − 35-65 %, during the secondary mowing the percentage of legumes did not exceed 15-30 %. The use of three-component grass mixtures in agriculture will make it possible to get from 6.7 to 9.3 tons per hectare of dry weight of complete feed for cattle for two mowings. Adaptation and cultivation on sod-podzolic soils in the humid zone of the Non-chernozem region of grass mixtures consisting of new-generation forage grasses is one of the reserves for increasing produc-tivity of forage crops by more than 10 %.
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Ogata, Yutaka, Yoshito Akagi, Yoshihiro Kakeji, Yasunori Emi, Eiji Oki, Hiroshi Saeki, Tetsuo Touyama et al. „Phase II study alternating mFOLFOX 6 and FOLFIRI (FIREFOX) plus bevacizumab (bev) regimen in first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in Japanese patients (KSCC 0801).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2012): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.602.
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602 Background: The Kyushu Study group of Clinical Cancer conducted a phase II study that evaluated the FIREFOX regimen. (KSCC0701, Akagi et al, J Clin Oncol 28:15s, 2010). This study demonstrated the efficacy and mild neurotoxicity of this regimen. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the FIREFOX plus bevacizumab (bev). Methods: Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed advanced colorectal cancer, ECOG PS 0-2 and adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic function. Patients (pts) received an alternating regimen of 4 cycles of mFOLFOX-6 plus bev (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, leucovorin 200 mg/m2, bev 5 mg/kg d1 followed by 400 mg/m2 bolus 5-FU and a 46-hr 2,400 mg/m2 5-FU infusion every 2 weeks) followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI plus bev (oxaliplatin replaced with irinotecan 150 mg/m2 d1). This schedule was repeated until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression occurred. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival. (UMIN000001312) Results: Of the 52 pts enrolled from May 2008 to July 2009. Two of the patients did not fulfill the eligibility criteria. M/F, 30/20; median age, 59.5 years (range 37 - 75); ECOG PS 0/1/2, 46/4/0. The median number of administration cycles was 14 (range, 2 - 44). Response rate (RECIST criteria) for CR, PR, SD, PD and NE were 2 (4%), 28 (56%), 14 (28%), 4 (8%) and 2 (4%), respectively. An overall response rate was 60% (95% CI: 45 - 74%). Median progression-free survival was14.2 M (95% CI: 10.6 M-16.3 M) and median overall survival was 27.5 M (95% CI; 22.4 M – not determined). The 2-year survival rate was 56.8%. Of the 52 pts evaluated for toxicity. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were leukopenia (7.7%), neutropenia (32.7%), anemia (1.9%), fatigue (9.6%), anorexia (13.5%), stomatitis (3.8%), neurotoxicity (3.8%), hypertension (1.9%), diarrhea (7.7%), febrile neutropenia (3.8%), nausea (9.6%), vomiting (5.8%), hypersensitivity (3.8%), and thromboembolism (1.9%). Conclusions: The results of this phase II study show that the FIREFOX plus bev regimen is effective and well tolerated in the first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. The low rate of neurotoxicity is also promising.
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Furugaichi, A., M. Hoshina, J. Ito und N. Kashiwazaki. „338 EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON NUCLEAR MATURATION, CUMULUS EXPANSION AND GLUTATHIONE LEVEL IN PORCINE OOCYTES DURING IN VITRO MATURATION“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, Nr. 1 (2010): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab338.
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Contrary to experimental animals, it is well known that pig oocytes show low developmental competence after IVM, fertilization and culture despite of the attempts to improve the IVM technology. One of the reasons causing such low developmental ability of porcine oocytes seems to be the culture condition, especially the gas phase for IVM because there is a large differences in oxygen tension between in vitro and in vivo conditions. Indeed, our preliminary study revealed that oocytes matured in vivo had larger perivitelline space than oocytes matured in vitro, which could be affected by in vitro culture condition. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oxygen tensions on nuclear maturation, cumulus expansion and glutathione synthesis of porcine oocytes during IVM. COCs at the germinal vesicle stage were collected from ovaries of prepubertal gilts and cultured in modified NCSU37 either under 2, 5, or 20% O2 for 44 h (Group 2%, Group 5%, and Group 20%, respectively). Five percent CO2 was used for all groups. After culture, the cumulus expansion was morphologically evaluated by classification to three grades (Grade 1: excellent [the length of expanded cumulus cells was longer than the diameter of the oocyte], Grade 2: good [the length of expanded cumulus cells was less than the diameter of oocyte], Grade 3: poor [oocyte having partial or single layer of expanded cumulus cells]). All experiments in this study were replicated more than 5 times. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then shown as mean ± SD%. The rate of Grade 1 in Group 2% (16.8 ± 8.3%, 32/189) was significantly lower than those in Group 5% (68.2 ± 11.2%, 149/228) and Group 20% (78.6 ± 6.9%, 162/201) (P < 0.05). As for rates of Grade 2 and Grade 3, there were no significant differences between the groups. After evaluation of cumulus expansion, cumulus cells were removed and oocytes were stained by aceto-orcein for evaluation of nuclear maturation. The rates of metaphase II-stage oocytes were 41.0 ± 12.4% (86/210), 47.6 ± 20.5% (119/263) and 47.7 ± 12.9% (100/199) in Group 2%, Group 5%, and Group 20%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups. In order to clarify the effect of oxygen concentration on cytoplasmic maturation, COCs were cultured for 44 h and glutathione level of the oocytes was measured by 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitro-benzonic acid-glutathione disulfide reductase recycling method. Regardless the oxygen concentration, glutathione level was increased from the start of culture (6.2 ± 3.9 pmol/oocyte). But there were no significant differences in the glutathione level among groups. These results suggest that oxygen concentration during IVM could affect cumulus expansion but not nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic glutathione level in pig oocytes. This work was supported in part by the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Matching Fund Subsidy for Private Universities to J.I. and N.K.
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Heikura, Ida A., Louise M. Burke, Dan Bergland, Arja L. T. Uusitalo, Antti A. Mero und Trent Stellingwerff. „Impact of Energy Availability, Health, and Sex on Hemoglobin-Mass Responses Following Live-High–Train-High Altitude Training in Elite Female and Male Distance Athletes“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, Nr. 8 (01.09.2018): 1090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0547.
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Purpose: The authors investigated the effects of sex, energy availability (EA), and health status on the change in hemoglobin mass (ΔHbmass) in elite endurance athletes over ∼3–4 wk of live-high–train-high altitude training in Flagstaff, AZ (2135 m; n = 27 women; n = 21 men; 27% 2016 Olympians). Methods: Precamp and postcamp Hbmass (optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method) and iron status were measured, EA was estimated via food and training logs, and a Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAFQ) and a general injury/illness questionnaire were completed. Hypoxic exposure (h) was calculated with low (<500 h), moderate (500–600 h), and high (>600 h) groupings. Results: Absolute and relative percentage ΔHbmass was significantly greater in women (6.2% [4.0%], P < .001) than men (3.2% [3.3%], P = .008). %ΔHbmass showed a dose–response with hypoxic exposure (3.1% [3.8%] vs 4.9% [3.8%] vs 6.8% [3.7%], P = .013). Hbmasspre was significantly higher in eumenorrheic vs amenorrheic women (12.2 [1.0] vs 11.3 [0.5] g/kg, P = .004). Although statistically underpowered, %ΔHbmass was significantly less in sick (n = 4, −0.5% [0.4%]) vs healthy (n = 44, 5.4% [3.8%], P < .001) athletes. There were no significant correlations between self-reported iron intake, sex hormones, or EA on Hbmass outcomes. However, there was a trend for a negative correlation between LEAFQ score and %ΔHbmass (r = −.353, P = .07). Conclusions: The findings confirm the importance of baseline Hbmass and exposure to hypoxia on increases in Hbmass during altitude training, while emphasizing the importance of athlete health and indices of EA on an optimal baseline Hbmass and hematological response to hypoxia.
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Rkiek, Bilal, Nadia Manar, Hicham El Bouri, Frédéric Deschamps und Chakib Laraqui. „O-330 PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS, DISEASES AND VENTILATORY DISORDERSAMONG MARBLE WORKERS“. Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (01.07.2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1236.
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Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, diseases and ventilatory defects. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 365 marble workers in Casablanca, and Agadir, with at least two years’ seniority. It included a questionnaire, spirometry and thoracic radiophotography. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, smoking habits, medical history and clinical respiratory symptoms. Chronic bronchitis is defined as chronic cough and chronic sputum production occurring for at least three months per year and for at least two consecutive years without any other identified cause. The diagnosis of COPD was made in the presence of an obstructive ventilatory defect based on a ratio of forced expiratory volume at the first second/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/ FVC) <70% after administration of a bronchodilator. Results Average age was 38,5±10.4 years. The average seniority was 13,1 ±6.4 years. 23,3% were current smokers, 12.3% former smokers and 64.3% non-smokers. The prevalence of tracheobronchial irritation symptoms was 23.5: 15 % for chronic cough, 7.8 % for respiratory discomfort, 4.9 % for chronic sputum and 7.9% for chest wheezing. The prevalence of rhinitis was 20%, asthma 7.5%, chronic bronchitis 17% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6.2% (6.9% in current and former smokers versus 2.9% in non-smokers). 21.3% had deficits in the (FEV1) and the (FVC). This prevalence reached 44% in current and former smokers. The prevalence of radiological abnormalities was 14.9% (3.8% were emphysema, 3.3% were small parenchymal opacities suggestive of pneumoconiosis). Conclusion These craftsmen must benefit from occupational medical coverage for better prevention.
Buchteile zum Thema "338.609 44"
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Soroń, Małgorzata, Jadwiga Dudziak, Katarzyna Gancarz, Martyna Lechoniewicz, Alicja Ostrowska, Klaudia Skiba, Paulina Szajowska et al. „Zachowania zdrowotne a samoocena w grupie młodych dorosłych“. In Rehabilitacja 2022, 194–212. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/978-83-8277-138-1.14.
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Introduction: Health-promoting behaviors include: taking up physical activity or using a proper diet. Self-esteem is developed in young adults. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of selected health behaviors on self-esteem in young adults. Material and method: The research was conducted in 2020 among students of physiotherapy and their friends. The inclusion criteria for the study are the age from 18 to 35 years and consent to participate in the study. The survey included questions about age, gender, place of residence, BMI, as well as questions about eating habits (KomPAN questionnaire), level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) and self-assessment (SES Self-Assessment Scale). The questionnaire was completed by 130 persons: 57 men (44%) and 73 women (56%). The average age of the respondents was 24.9+/-2.7 years. 32 (24.6%) respondents lived in the countryside, 44 (33.8%) lived in a city with less than 20 thousand inhabitants, 23 (7.7%) – in the city with a population of 20-100 thousand inhabitants, and 31 (23.9%) – in a city with more than 100 thousand. It was considered whether: gender, age, place of residence, BMI, eating habits, level of physical activity differentiated the level of self-esteem in young adults. The following tests were used: the rank correlation of Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. The multiple comparison test was used as a post-hoc test for the Anova test. Results: The following results were obtained for particular parameters: BMI 23+/-3 kg/m 2 , level of physical activity 1087.4+/-310 MET, pro- health diet index 19.6+/-9.6 points, unhealthy diet index 17.8+/-6.9 points, self-esteem level 23.3+/-2.9 points (6.2+/-0.8 sten). A positive correlation between the SES score and the age of the respondents was demonstrated in the point (p = 0.011) and sten (p = 0.016) results, higher scores on the SES were achieved by older respondents. The SES scale scores, both point scores (p=0.047) and sten scores (p=0.018), were not equal among respondents from different places of residence. The results on the SES scale of respondents living in a city with less than 20,000 inhabitants were on average higher than the results of those living in the countryside. Conclusion: Among the considered factors, the place of residence and age differentiate the level of self-esteem among young adults.
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SILVA DA CUNHA VIEIRA, SIMONE. „EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA E O ENDIVIDAMENTO DE IDOSOS“. In Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (Vol 02). Editora Realize, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/ix.conedu.2023.gt12.011.
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Este estudo objetiva identificar o nível de conhecimento e aplicação da educação financeira por idosos endividados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, quantitativa e descritiva. Como instrumento de pesquisa foi aplicado um questionário contendo oito questões, e 138 respondentes foram validados. A amostra é composta por idosos: de 60 a 65 anos (12%), de 66 a 70 anos (25%), de 71 a 75 anos (38%), e acima de 76 anos (25%). Os resultados demostram que cerca de 62% atribuem seu nível de endividamento ao excesso de consumo, sendo que 49% reconhecem que controlam apenas às vezes seus gastos. A principal fonte de conhecimentos para administrar receitas e gastos para 23% dos idosos foi a escola/faculdade, e para 37% foi Internet, jornais e outros. Além disso, 75% dos idosos entrevistados participam de maneira significativa no orçamento doméstico. Sendo que 44% dos idosos vivem em casa com até 3 pessoas, 30% com 4 ou 5 pessoas, 18% com mais de 5 pessoas, e apenas 8% com até 2 pessoas. A maioria, 83%, possui endividamento com condições de pagamento, e 9% admitem não terem condições de quitar suas dívidas. Conclui-se ser fundamental a educação financeira de idosos, considerados vulneráveis, na prevenção do excesso de endividamento e inadimplência.
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Cardoso, Bruna Portela Andrade, Cleison de Souza Avelar, Karla Giovanna Santos Castro, Luana Karonine Cordeiro Castro, Manuela Sousa Silva, Mariana Escabin de Mello Franco, Matheus Neves Araujo et al. „AVALIAC¸A~O DA ADESA~O AO TRATAMENTO DOS PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EM UMA UNIDADE BA´SICA DE SAU´DE“. In Pesquisa em saúde e meio ambiente: uma perspectiva da atenção primária e da qualidade de vida. Editora Pascal LTDA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/576863.1-9.
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Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome complexa de grande importância e demonstra ser um entrave crescente no sistema de saúde mundial, sendo a adesão ao tratamento definida pela união entre as orientações e prescrições do profissional de saúde e a conduta do paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento dos pacientes com DM2 em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual foi utilizado um questionário para obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, demográficos e estilo vida; o questionário de Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos; o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo Alimentar e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física versão curta. Os dados obtidos foram agrupados no programa Microsoft Excel® 2016 e analisados no programa Stata® versão 16.0. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 60 indivíduos, sendo 66,67% (n=40) do sexo feminino. Destes, 60% (n=36) tinham de 40 a 80 anos e 46,67% (n=18) eram casados. Quanto à frequência de consumo alimentar, mais de 68% (n=41) da amostra consumiam vegetais e frutas regularmente, contudo 58,33% (n=35) consumiam frituras diariamente ou semanalmente. Quanto à adesão aos tratamentos, 73,08% (n=44) dos entrevistados possuíam boa adesão à terapêutica medicamentosa. Ademais, pode-se verificar que apenas 26,7% (n=16) são considerados fisicamente ativos, sendo 55% (n=33) dos pacientes insuficientemente ativos B. Considerações finais: A adesa~o dos pacientes entrevistados ao tratamento medicamentoso e ao plano alimentar foi positiva, contudo, a maioria dos entrevistados se encontra insuficientemente ativo. Enfatiza-se que os pacientes devem receber incentivo e educação em saúde, pois mesmo pequenas mudanças são benéficas no controle da doença. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, Adesão, Alimentação, Atividade física.
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Cieślak-Kopyt, Małgorzata. „Elementy obrządku pogrzebowego“. In Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne, 83–87. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo; Muzeum im. Jacka Malczewskiego w Radomiu, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.10.zn.04.
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A total of 65 Przeworsk culture features were discovered in the Żelazna Nowa cemetery. This number included a rectangular groove feature, urned cremations (6), alleged/damaged urned cremations (14), unurned cremations (14), alleged/fully or partly damaged unurned cremations (27), pits containing no bone material (4), undtermined cremations (2), pits containing no archeological material (1). All of the explored burials are cremations. However, a more detailed analysis encounters problems due to the state of preservation of the graves. Features 3, 19A and 19B, 30, 33, 37, 39 have been confidently identified as urned cremations. In many other features fragments of ceramic vessels were found, which may be remains of damaged urns: 18, 21, 23, 25, 31, 35, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, and 58. Certain unurned cremations are 4, 6, 7, 8, 11–13, 15–17, 22, 24, 32, and 34. The interpretation of the remaining features is uncertain. Among the features uncovered in the cemetery were pits containing no bones: 5, 60, 61, 62, as well as pits containing no archaeological material at all: 55. The majority of unurned cremations contained pyre debris, while no such remains were observed in the following damaged unurned cremations: 15, 40–42, 45, 61, 62. There were a few cases of double burials identified. Three unurned cremations (6, 13, 15) and one urned cremation (39) contained bones of Infans I and an undetermined individual, while feature 19 contained two urns with individual burials: Infans II and an undetermined individual. Urned cremations, and one alleged unurned cremation (56), are distinguished by a higher standard of furnishing and a considerably larger amount of bone remains. This can be given two interpretations: a higher status of those buried there, or different rituals used for urned and unurned cremations. In two graves the urn was covered with an upturned vessel (features 33 and 37). In one case, an apotropaic behaviour characteristic of the Przeworsk culture was recorded, involving driving sharp objects into the pit’s bottom: in grave 41 these were two spearheads.
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Feather, Leonard, und Ira Gitler. „h“. In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz, 282–338. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074185.003.0008.
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Abstract Hackett, bobby (robert leo), tpt, crnt, gtr; b. Providence, RI, 1/31/15; d. Chatham, MA, 6/7/76. Son of a blacksmith, sixth of nine children. Son, Ernie Hackett, active as jazz dmr. in ’70s. Start. on uke., he left school at 14 and began pl. gtr., bjo., vln., w. local bands and in Syracuse. In 1933, pl. mainly crnt., was part of trio w. Pee Wee Russell and Teddy Roy, perf. in various Boston and Providence clubs. In ’36 took over lead. of Ted Marsh’s band at the Theatrical Club, Boston, w. Brad Gowans writing arrs. Though he was mainly infl. by Armstrong dur. this period, he eventually became more closely identified w. the lyrical style of Bix Beiderbecke. Went to NYC in ’37, pl. gtr. w. Joe Marsala, doubling on crnt; own band at Nick’s ’38–9; own bb at the Famous Door and on tour ’39; disbanded and join. Horace Heidt ’39–40; w. Glenn Miller on gtr., occ. crnt. ’41–2. In ’43, NBC staff; also tour. w. Katherine Dunham dancers ’43; w. Glen Gray ’44–6. ABC staff for several yrs. from ’46; frequent apps. at Nick’s; tour. East Coast w. own band early ’50s. In ’53–5 he earned wide recognition through a series of mood albums on Capitol led by Jackie Gleason, w. whom he also app. in person. TV shows w. Martha Wright; other broadcasts. Fr. ’56 to ’58, led a sxt. at the Henry Hudson Hotel and for brief tours and jazz fests., then led qt. in NYC clubs and on tours. Pl. w. B. Goodman ’62–3, incl. Mex.; worked frequently w. Tony Bennett in mid ’60s. Moved to Cape Cod ’69, where he was often feat. at Dunfey’s. Pl. w. Vic Dickenson in NYC and US tour ’70; in ’70s also feat. guest w. WGJB; tour. Eng. ’74; apps. at Michael’s Pub ’75. Hospitalized for two weeks in May ’76, he perf. on June 4 after his release, then died of a heart attack three days later. From his first days in NYC, Hackett was an important force in jazz. While he made his name as a crntst. and tptr., he remained a proficient gtrst. His melodic style has been praised by musicians of every description, and his beautifully burnished sound easily complemented a variety of jazz idioms. Fests: NJF w. Dickenson ’70; many apps. at NJF-NY; Colo. JP. TV: Just Jazz w. Dickenson; PBS ’71. Recs. as lead: Epic; Cap. CDs: Project 3; Jazz.; Hackett-Dickenson (Chiaro.); as lead. and sideman in The Commodore Story (Comm.); w. Armstrong; Miller; Teagarden (BB); Goodman; B. Holiday (Col.); Condon (Dec.; Stash; Sav; Jazz.; Comm.); Pee Wee Russell (Comm.); T. Wilson (Hep); Teddy Grace (Timel.); Gleason (Cap.).
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Seco, Josi M., Emilio Quiqoa und Ricardo Riguera. „The Theoretical Basis for Assignment by NMR“. In The Assignment of the Absolute Configuration by NMR using Chiral Derivatizing Agents. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199996803.003.0004.
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The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two enantiomers are identical. Thus, the first step in using NMR to distinguish between two enantiomers should be to produce different spectra that eventually can be associated with their different stereochemistry (i.e., the assignment of their absolute configuration). Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a chiral reagent in the NMR media. There are two ways to address this problem. One is to use a chiral solvent, or a chiral agent, that combines with each enantiomer of the substrate to produce diastereomeric complexes/associations that lead to different spectra. This is the so-called chiral solvating agent (CSA) approach; it will not be further discussed here [33–34]. The second approach is to use a chiral auxiliary reagent [13–15] (i.e., a chiral derivatizing agent; CDA) that bonds to the substrate by a covalent linkage. Thus, in the most general method, the two enantiomers of the auxiliary CDA react separately with the substrate, giving two diastereomeric derivatives whose spectral differences carry information that can be associated with their stereochemistry. The CDA method that employs arylalcoxyacetic acids as auxiliaries is the most frequently used. It can be applied to a number of monofunctionals [14–15] (secondary alcohols [35–43], primary alcohols [44–46], aldehyde [47] and ketone cyanohydrins [48–49], thiols [50–51], primary amines [52–56], and carboxylic acids [57–58]), difunctional [13] (sec/sec-1,2-diols [59–61], sec/sec-1,2-amino alcohols [62], prim/sec-1,2-diols [63–65], prim/sec-1,2-aminoalcohols, and sec/prim-1,2-aminoalcohols [66–68]), and trifunctional (prim/sec/sec-1,2,3-triols [13, 69–70]) chiral compounds. Its scope and limitations are well established, and its theoretical foundations are well known, making it a reliable tool for configurational assignment. Figure 1.1 shows a summary of the steps to be followed for the assignment of absolute configuration of a chiral compound with just one asymmetric carbon and with substituents that, for simplicity, are assumed to resonate as singlets. Step 1 (Figure 1.1a): A substrate of unknown configuration (?) is separately derivatized with the two enantiomers of a chiral auxiliary reagent, (R)-Aux and (S)-Aux, producing two diastereomeric derivatives.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "338.609 44"
1
Мустафина, С. В., В. И. Алфёрова, О. Д. Рымар, Л. В. Щербакова, Е. В. Каштанова und Ю. И. Рагино. „УРОВНИ АДИПОЦИТОКИНОВ У ЖЕНЩИН 25-44 ЛЕТ С РАЗНЫМИ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМИ ФЕНОТИПАМИ“. In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-154.
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ЦЕЛЬ: изучить особенности уровней адипоцитокинов (адипонектин, лептин, адипсин, интерлейкин-6
(ИЛ-6), фактор некроза опухоли α (ФНОα)) у женщин 25-44 лет с разными метаболическими фенотипами.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в 2013–2016 гг. в Новосибирске в ходе одномоментного одноцентрового ис-
следования была обследована случайная городская популяционная выборка мужчин и женщин 25–44 лет
(n=1512, из них 840 женщин), в анализ включены показатели 655 женщин. В каждой группе изучались ме-
таболически здоровый фенотип (МЗФ) и метаболически нездоровый фенотип (МНЗФ). Для оценки метабо-
лического здоровья использованы критерии Международной Федерации Диабета (IDF), 2005 года для диа-
гностики метаболического синдрома (МС). Методом мультиплексного анализа с использованием панелей
Human Metabolic Hormone V3 (MILLIPLEX) и Human Adipokine Panel 1, на проточном флуориметре Luminex
MAGPIX определяли уровни ИЛ-6 (n=256), ФНОα (n=365), адипонектина (n=187), адипсина (n=368) и лептина
(n=370). Статистическая обработка проведена с помощью пакета программ SPSS (v. 13.0). Адипоцитокины
распределены ненормально, поэтому данные представлены в виде Ме [25;75], где МЕ – медиана, [25;75] –
процентили. Сравнение двух независимых групп по количественным признакам с ненормальным рас-
пределением произведено с помощью непараметрического критерия Манна-Уитни. При сравнении трех
и более независимых групп использовался критерий Краскела-Уоллиса. Различия считались статистически
значимыми при p<0,05, очень значимыми при p≤0,01, высоко значимыми при p≤0,001.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: обследовано 655 женщин, средний возраст 36,3±5,4 лет, сред-
ний ИМТ 25,0±5,7 кг/м2. В обследованной выборке медиана адипонектина составила
83,4 [37,4; 120,8] мкг/мл, лептина – 11,8 [5,6; 19,6] нг/мл, адипсина - 24,9 [8,6; 33,2] мкг/мл, ИЛ-6 -
6,9 [1,3; 14,7] пг/мл, ФНОα - 13,1 [3,7; 24,4] пг/мл. Медиана лептина в группе МЗФ в 1,9 раз ниже, чем в группе
МНЗФ - 10,2 [4,4; 16,9] нг/мл против 19,1 [10,9; 28,0] нг/мл (р<0,0001). Медианы адипсина и адипонектина
в сравниваемых группах не отличались (24,8 [8,1; 33,2] и 25,9 [10,0; 33,2] мкг/мл (р=0,534), и 79,5 [37,5; 139,2]
и 87,7 [36,3; 118,5] мкг/мл (р=0,642), соответственно. Медиана ИЛ-6 у женщин с МЗФ значимо ниже, чем
в группе с МНЗФ - 6,9 [1,2; 12,4] и 11,7 [2,2; 18,7] пг/мл соответственно (р=0,007), медиана ФНОα также ниже
в группе МЗФ- 12,7 [3,2; 23,6] пг/мл против 13,8 [4,5; 27,3] пг/мл соответственно (р=0,044).
ВЫВОДЫ: в популяционной выборке женщин 25-44 лет г. Новосибирска метаболически нездоровые
женщины уже имеют более высокие показатели лептина и провоспалительных цитокинов (ИЛ-6, ФНОα),
чем метаболически здоровые. Значения адипонектина и адипсина не отличались в исследуемых группах.
ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ: бюджетная тема «Эпидемиологический мониторинг состояния здоровья населе-
ния и изучение молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических механизмов развития распро-
страненных терапевтических заболеваний в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их диагностике,
профилактике и лечению» (Рег. № 122031700094-5).
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Ângelo, MCS, LDP Viana, LF Silva, NCN Barreto, BR Silvestrini, DAB Puggina und MF Aquinos. „ESTUDO DA CONCORDÂNCIA ENTRE O AUMENTO DO NÚMERO DE CASOS DE DENGUE CORRELACIONADO COM DENGUE, ZIKA E CHIKUNGUNYA“. In Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 10. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.7003.
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aumento do número de casos confirmados de dengue com o aumento das demais arboviroses, como vírus da zika e Chikungunya, por meio dos exames de Elisa e imunofluorescência, realizados entre janeiro e maio de 2022 em um laboratório de análises clínicas. Método: Foram analisadas 2686 amostras, sendo 1211 de dengue, 871 de zika e 604 de Chikungunya. Foi avaliada a positividade de cada exame ao longo dos meses, assim como a positividade acumulada dos três exames. Ao analisar todos os laudos liberados no período, observou-se um aumento da positividade das três arboviroses em comparação com o início do ano, período que apresentou maior aumento de percentual de zika, com maior percentual nos meses de março e abril; Chikungunya e dengue apresentaram maior positividade em abril e maio. A positividade acumulada para os três testes (6,53% para Chikungunya, 2,64% para zika e 36,42% para dengue) mostra uma associação no aumento dessas arboviroses em razão das manifestações clínicas serem parecidas e o transmissor comum. Conclusão: O aumento nos casos de arboviroses vem acompanhado, consequentemente, do aumento de positividade das três doenças causadas pelo Aedes aegypti. A correlação de aumento dos casos positivos se dá pelo fato de os sintomas serem parecidos, o que reforça a importância de um diagnóstico diferencial das doenças. Referências: 1. Robert MA, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Estallo E. Climate change and viral emergence: evidence from Aedes-borne arboviroses. Curr Opin Virol. 2020; 40(41-47). Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305058/. 2. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Manual de vigilância sentinela de doenças neuroinvasivas por arbovírus. Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2017. 44 p. il. ISBN 978-85-334-2521-7.
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Макаренко, И. В., Н. И. Калякина und А. П. Волынкина. „ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ТРЕВОГИ И ДЕПРЕСИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ“. In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-77.
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ЦЕЛЬ: определить наличие тревоги и депрессии среди пациентов, страдающих сахарным диабетом,
а также связи тревожно-депрессивных расстройств и типа сахарного диабета.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследовании приняли участие 62 пациента с сахарным диабетом (СД)
в возрасте от 18 до 82 лет (30 мужчин - 48% и 32 женщины – 52%), находящихся на стационарном лече-
нии на базе БУЗ ВО «ВГКБСМП №10», г. Воронеж. Средний возраст 54,2±15,1 года (с СД 1 типа – 42,9±14,7;
с СД 2 типа – 60,9±11,0). 37,1% опрошенных имели СД 1 типа (23 человека), 62,9% - СД 2 типа (39 человек).
Средняя длительность СД 1 типа составила 11,6±10,5 лет, СД 2 типа – 7,6±6,7 лет. Пациентам было пред-
ложено ответить на вопросы Госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale, HADS). Статистическую обработку результатов исследований проводили методом вариационной
статистики с помощью пакета прикладных программ «Statistika» и «MicrosoftExel».
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в результате анкетирования с помощью госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (HADS)
у трети пациентов (35% - 22 человека) было выявлено наличие тревоги. Из них у 73% (16 человек) симптомы
тревоги были выражены субклинически, у 27% (6 человек) - клинически. В состоянии тревоги находились
30% опрошенных (7 человек) с СД 1 типа (у 5 человек - 71% тревога проявлялась субклинически, у 2 че-
ловек – 29% была выявлена клинически выраженная тревога) и 38% пациентов (15 человек) с СД 2 типа
(у 11 человек – 73% симптомы тревоги были выражены субклинически и у 4 человек - 27% - клинически).
Наличие депрессии было выявлено у 37% опрошенных (23 человека): 13 человек (56%) имели субки-
нически выраженную депрессию и 10 человек (44%) - клинически выраженную. В состоянии депрессии
находились 30% пациентов (7 человек) с СД 1 типа (у 4 человек – 57% симптомы депрессии были выражены
субклинически, у 3 человек – 43% - клинически) и 41% опрошенных (16 человек) с СД 2 типа (у 9 человек –
56% симптомы депрессии были выражены субклинически, у 7 человек – 44% - клинически).
ВЫВОДЫ: треть пациентов, страдающих СД, (35%) имеют тревогу. Из них клинически выраженные сим-
птомы тревоги были выявлены более чем у четверти опрошенных. 37% пациентов с СД имеют депрессию.
Почти у половины из них симптомы депрессии выражены клинически. Тревога и депрессия преобладают
в группе пациентов с СД 2 типа.
Необходимо обращать особое внимание на психологическое состояние пациентов и проводить скри-
нинг на наличие психоэмоциональных нарушений у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Пациентам с сим-
птомами тревоги, депрессии рекомендована консультация профильного специалиста.
4
Козлова, Анна Борисовна, und Татьяна Владимировна Ступникова. „Интродуценты в составе арборифлоры г. Благовещенска“. In Plants in the monsoonal climate - IX. Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17581/mon2022.016.
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Способность зеленых насаждений сохранять характер функционирования в условиях воздействия антропогенных факторов, решать разнообразные архитектурные задачи и выполнять экологические функции в первую очередь определяется правильностью подбора видового состава. Ассортимент древесно-кустарниковых растений формируется из аборигенных видов имеющих экологическую приуроченность и интродуцентов, играющих важную роль в увеличении биологического разнообразия и способствующих преданию устойчивости фитоценозам в городских ландшафтах. Интродукция, это длительный, многоступенчатый процесс и может носить как целенаправленный характер, так и случайный. К последнему можно отнести желание горожан украсить свои территории экзотами. Инвентаризация интродуцентов в городских насаждениях и выявление устойчивых в местных условиях растений, обладающих комплексом полезных свойств, позволяет специалистам-интродукторам сократить время на интродукционном поиске и мобилизации исходного материала и как следствие, скорейшему включению перспективных видов в систему зеленых насаждений. В результате проведения мониторинга арборифлоры г. Благовещенска методом пробных площадей (600) и маршрутно-глазомерных наблюдений на объектах различного назначения было установлено, что она представлена 127 видами. Интродуценты и культивары составляют соответственно 54 и 13 видов, из них 44 таксона относятся к категории единично встречающиеся, 13 – редко, 6 – умеренно, 2 широко и 2 – массово распространенных. Последние (Populus balsamifera L., Ulmus pumila L.) являются доминирующими в зеленых насаждениях города. Все интродуценты относятся в 18 семействам, самое крупное – Rosaceae включает 28 видов. Преобладающей жизненной формой являются кустарники (67%), на долю деревьев и лиан соответственно приходиться 28 и 4 %. При оценке количественного участия интродуцентов в различных типах насаждений было выявлено, что на территориях ограниченного пользования встречалось 62, общего – 38 и специального назначения – 16 видов. В последние 15 лет расширился ассортимент видов, сортов и форм Rosa, Spiraea, Dasifora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Встречаются витаминные сорта шиповника, выведенные на основе Rosa rugosa Thunb., а также махровые формы, парковые и плетистые розы. У Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. отмечены формы с пурпурной и желтой листвой. Возрастает популярность Hydrangea paniculata Siebold. Этот вид представлен в посадках преимущественно сортами с преобладанием стерильных цветов. Новыми экзотами в озеленении являются 3 вида рода Juniperus: horizontalis Moench, chinensis L. и squamata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. Из многочисленных вариегатных форм Cornus alba L., отмечены лишь белоокаймленные: var. sibirica variegata и f. aigentea-marginata. Большинство интродуцентов в условиях города хорошо зимуют, имеют высокую эстетическую оценку и могут быть рекомендованы к широкому применению в озеленении.
5
Силкина, М. И., Н. А. Белякова, М. Б. Лясникова und С. С. Рубина. „НАРУШЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДНОГО ОБМЕНА И СИНДРОМ ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО АПНОЭ СНА ПРИ ОЖИРЕНИИ“. In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-160.
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ЦЕЛЬ: изучить частоту различных нарушений углеводного обмена и их взаимосвязь с синдромом об-
структивного апноэ сна (СОАС) при алиментарно-конституциональном ожирении (АКО).
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: у 76 пациентов (38 мужчин и 38 женщин) с АКО в возрасте 30-60 лет проведе-
но общеклиническое обследование, включающее измерение артериального давления (АД), антропометрию
(индекс массы тела - ИМТ, кг/м2 и окружность талии - ОТ, см), лабораторное исследование (холестерин,
глюкоза, инсулин с расчётом инсулинорезистентности (ИР)), полисомнографию с определением: степени
тяжести СОАС по индексу апноэ/гипопноэ (ИАГ: норма: < 5/ч, легкая степень: 5−14/ч, средняя степень
тяжести: 15−30/ч, тяжелая: >30/ч.), минимальной сатурации за время сна (SPmin: N 90−96%), времени са-
турации во сне менее 90% (TSPcrit, сек), максимальной продолжительности апноэ за время исследования
(Tmax, сек), индекса десатурации (ИД/ч). Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием программного
комплекса Statistica 12.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: нарушения углеводного обмена имели 36 (47,4%) обследованных с АКО. В зависимости
от этого были сформированы три группы: 1-я – 13 (17,1%) пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2)
(возраст - 54 [38; 62] года, средний уровень гликемии натощак 8,1±1,6 ммоль/л), 2-я – 23 (30,3%) боль-
ных с нарушенной толерантностью к глюкозе (НТГ) (54 [48; 63] года, 6,9±1,2 ммоль/л) и 3-я – 40 (52,6%)
человек без нарушений углеводного обмена (50 [44; 57] лет, 5,1±1,5 ммоль/л). В 1-й группе средний ИМТ
составил 40,8±6,0 кг/м2, ОТ - 123,6±11,9 см, во 2-й – соответственно 41,7±6,1 кг/м2 и 125,2±16,1 см и в 3-й –
39,3±7,3 кг/м2 и 124,4±18,7 см. Средние показатели систолического АД соответствовали в 1-й и 2-й группах
АГ 1-й степени, а в 3-й группе - нормальному повышенному АД, также, как и диастолическое АД во всех
группах. ИР по индексу HOMA (>2,55) была диагностирована у большинства обследованных 1–й и 2-й групп
(61,5% и 78,3% против 47,5% в 3-й, χ2=5,7; р<0,05). В липидном профиле уровень общего холестерина был
повышен соответственно в 38,5%, 47,8% и 40% случаев, без достоверных различий. СОАС был диагности-
рован у 92% обследованных, при этом в 1-й группе – в 92,3%, во 2-й – в 65,2% - и в 3-й – в 67,5% случаев.
Средний ИАГ в 1-й и 2-й группах соответствовал СОАС тяжелой степени тяжести (31 [10; 77] и 46 [15; 69]),
а в 3-й – средней (17 [10; 47]; р<0,05). Минимальная сатурация за время сна во всех группах была снижена
без достоверных различий. Все остальные показатели: SPmin, TSPcrit, Tmax, ИД/ч были выше во 2-й группе
по сравнению с 1-й и 3-й (р2,3<0,05).
ВЫВОДЫ: таким образом, среди обследованных пациентов с ожирением, в основном III степени, и аб-
доминальным типом половина имеют нарушения углеводного обмена. Не зависимо от этого у большинства
больных отмечается СОАС, который в большей степени связан со степенью и типом ожирения, а также
инсулинорезистентностью. Наиболее выраженные нарушения всех показателей полисомнографии на-
блюдаются при НТГ на фоне ожирения и АГ 1 степени.
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Jiang, Huijing, Ning Bai, Huanfen Zhan, Feng Shen, Bin Gao und Xuee Wang. „Small Modular Pressurized Water Reactors Combined With Conventional Thermal Power Plant“. In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66690.
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Small modular reactor is investigated worldwide with the advantages of lower initial investment and short construction period. Generally, the economy of small modular pressurized water reactor (PWR) is not as good as large PWR, so various applications of small PWR are investigated, such as marine reactor, heat supply and sea water desalination. Limited to the parameters of steam generator, the generating efficiency for the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is about 33%, while the steam temperature of supercritical fossil power plant can exceed 600°C and generating efficiency is more than 45%. The essence of a hybrid power plant is to use a fossil fuel to superheat wet steam in an outer steam superheating device, after the steam generator to improve the parameters of working fluid. On one hand, the innovative hybrid nuclear power plant which combines nuclear reactor with conventional thermal energy can improve the efficiency of small PWR. On the other hand, this hybrid power plant has lower carbon emission compared with traditional thermal power plant. This paper describes two different coupling schemes of small pressurized water reactor combined with supercritical thermal power plant using steam turbine. Efficiency of hybrid power plant is influenced by the coupling scheme, steam parameter of the superheating device outlet, the proportion of nuclear energy, efficiency of assemblies and so on. The plant efficiency becomes higher with the improvement of parameter of the superheating device’s outlet steam, and it is higher when the proportion of nuclear energy becomes lower. Take the 660MWt integrated small pressurized water reactor as an example, when the proportion of nuclear energy accounts for 48%, the thermal efficiency of this innovative hybrid power plant is about 43%,while the net efficiency is 41%, that is much higher than the efficiency of traditional pressurized water reactor, improving about 24 percent. As to the carbon emission, it depends on the coal consumption rate of power supply. The coal consumption rate of this hybrid power plant is 158g /kWh, while the consumption rate of thermal hybrid power plant is 280g/kWh, reducing about 44 percent. Also, the fundamental solutions of technical problems for this innovative hybrid power plant are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, several useful outcomes and suggestions for key equipments are put forward, such as the scheme of a superheating device and high-temperature steam turbine, and the possibility of using a lava boiler as the superheating device to improve the steam parameters after the steam generator is analyzed.
7
McKenna, R., E. R. Cole und A. DOOLAS. „SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH COMBINED FACTOR V AND VIII DEFICIENCY WITH DDAVP + FFP“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644131.
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A 59 year-old white male with a life long history of severe bleeding following trauma or surgical procedures was documented to have a combined factor V and factor Vlll-C deficiency. His baseline factor V ranged between 16% - 30% and factor VIII-C was between 20% - 30%. His APTT ranged between 50 - 56 seconds (21-31 N) with a prothrombin time activity between 33% - 40% of normal ( ≥ 70% N). Factor II, Vll/X, X, IX, XI, XII, template bleeding time and platelet function studies were normal. There was no severe factor XIII deficiency. Since the response of these patients to DDAVP is unknown and the patient was admitted with a large hematoma in the subolecranon bursa, DDAVP was infused in a dose of 0.5 μ g/kg body weight over 15 minutes. The baseline factor VIIl-C of 20% rose to 55% at 5 minutes after termination of DDAVP and to 62% and 66% at 3 and 6 hours respectively. The factor VIII-C level dropped to 45% and 36% at 12 and 24 hours respectively after a single dose of DDAVP. As measured by a sensitive 125I-fibrin assay, this dose of DDAVP caused a net rise in plasminogen activator activity of 2.43 CTA U/ml.The patient had worn an inguinal truss for approximately 20 years for two large oblique inguinal hernias, one of which entended to the level of the mid-thigh. Pre and peri-operative management of the right inguinal herniorrhaphy consisted of DDAVP in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg Q 12 hourly for two doses, FFP at 9 ml/kg Q 12 hourly for three doses, and Amicar for 48 hours starting post-operatively. This regimen maintained the factor VIIl-C at ∼ 50% with factor V between 44% - 50% for a period of three days. On the 4th postoperative day a left inguinal herniorrhaphy was accomplished with DDAVP and FFP (dosage similar to previous) administered Q 12 hourly for three doses, then once in the next 24 hours, and Amicar for three days. A 4 cm wound hematoma noted on the first day of the second surgical procedure was evacuated, and was due to the presence of a bleeder since Vlll-C and V levels were higher than the values indicated on the first procedure. No red cell transfusions were given; fluids were restricted to 600 ml per day for 24 hours after the last dose of DDAVP. Successful bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphies without significant hemorrhages was achieved with exposure to a minimal volume of blood products.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "338.609 44"
1
Maheshwari, E. Uma, und G. Jyothilakshmi. A STUDY OF ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING AMONG NON ALBICANS CANDIDA IN PATIENTS OF VULVO VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER. World Wide Journals, Februar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9605846.
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Background &objectives: Candida species are emerging as a signicant pathogen certain species of Candida like Candida krusei are inherently resistant to azoles. In vitro susceptibility testing is essential for guiding therapy. The present study aims todetermine the antifungal susceptibility pattern ofNon albicansCandida isolates by disc diffusion and micro broth dilution method. Methods:This was a prospective study, conducted among 200 patients complaining of Vulvovaginal dischargeSpeciation was done as per standard microbiological methods. Non albicans Candida species were identied. Antifungal resistance was determined by disc diffusion method for uconazole, Voriconazole and by microbrothdilution for uconazole. Results: A total of 200 samples were collected from patients complaining of vaginal discharge . Out of them 69 were identied as Candida species , 31[44%] were C.albicans and 38 [56%] were non albicans Candida among them C.glabrata 22 (57%) , C.tropicalis 12 (31%), and 4 (10%) C.krusei. In the Interpretation and conclusion: present study, all the isolates of C. krusei 4 [10% ] tested showed resistance to uconazole by both disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods . All isolates of C.glabrata 22 [ 57%] and C. tropicalis 12[31%] , tested were sensitive to uconazole by both disc diffusion and microbroth dilution . For voriconazole there was no resistance among all isolates tested by disc diffusion method. It is essential to perform susceptibility testing for all the Candida isolates for providing crucial information about the resistance pattern and help in choosing the appropriate antifungal drug for therapy. Disc diffusion method which is easy to perform can be utilized for day to day practice
2
Epiphan, Jean, und Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.
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The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.
3
Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen und Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.