Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „332.64/5“

To investigate the spray cooling characteristics and the impact of spray parameters such as chamber pressure, spray height, and spray tilt angle on heat transfer efficiency, a mathematical model based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian frame was established for an R410A closed-loop spray cooling system. The results revealed that the spray pattern is conical, with the center velocity significantly higher than the edge velocity. The temperature distribution of the cooling surface and liquid film height both exhibit a “W” shape, and the surface temperature is lower where the liquid film is thin. There is an optimal liquid film height of approximately 5 μm, at which the cooling surface temperature is the lowest. The surface temperature increases with an increase in the spray chamber pressure. Considering average cooling surface temperature, the optimal tilt angle is 40° with an average surface temperature of 330.1 K. When considering wall temperature and wall heat transfer coefficient uniformity, however, the optimal tilt angle is 10°, leading to the average surface temperature of 332.6 K. When increasing the optimal spray height to 70 mm, the average surface temperature is 313.4 K.

Field experiment was conducted in Al-Yosfia region at 2016-2017 in loamy soil to investigate the effect of three levels of saline water (River water, drainage water 4.3 dS.m-1, and drainage water 7.2 dS.m-1) and three types of analytical organic fertilizer (Poultry waste ,cow waste, and Ground corn cobs) with 12 ton.h-1 and their interaction on some growth and yield parameters of Barley Al-Warkaa Var., the experiment at RCBD with three replicates using LSD test at 5% to compare between parameter means. The results showed that when using saline irrigation water, the values of growth and yield parameter decrease while organic waste reduces the negative effect of saline irrigation water, the poultry waste gave the significant increase of parameter values followed by cow waste then ground corn cobs. The interaction between (Poultry waste and river water) gave higher means to plant height, vegetative dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, No. of spike.m-2 , No. of seeds per spike, the weight of 1000 seeds, total seeds yield, biological yield, and harvesting index. The value was 98.4 cm , 17.4 g, 27.4 cm2 , 51.2 spads, 332.6 spikes.m2 , 38.2 seed per spike, 38.2 g , 4.853 ton.h-1, 15.423 ton.h-1 , and 31.47% respectively.

The cue rate (CR: blows per whale per hour), surfacing characteristics and swim speeds of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) were quantified fromfocal follows carried out at Berkeley Sound (East Falkland) between January and May 2017 and off the west coast of West Falkland betweenFebruary and April 2018. In Berkeley Sound, focal follows were conducted from Cape Pembroke lighthouse and from a small boat. In West Falklandall focal follows were conducted from a yacht. Thirty-seven focal follows of sei whale individuals or groups (2–5 individuals) were analysed toproduce CRs ranging from 21.99 to 46.73, with a mean of 31.46 (SD = 5.12). There was no significant difference in the CRs observed from shorevs. boat platforms or between the two study areas. Maximum submergence times exceeding 13min were recorded from both individuals and groups.The durations of 51 whale surfacing events had a mean of 6.4s (SD = 1.7). The average swim speed during boat-based sei whale focal follows was5.7kmh−1. The inter-breath intervals (IBIs) recorded from 13 solitary individuals ranged from 77.2 to 180.1s, with an overall mean of 118.6s (SD= 137.6). A combined approach incorporating IBI parameters and sequence pattern was used to classify 270 IBIs into surface dives (mean = 37.2s),intermediate dives (mean = 113.7s) and true dives (mean = 332.6s). Individuals showed marked variation in dive pattern, with some exhibitingclear cycles of true dives interspersed with surface bouts while others routinely took intermediate-duration dives interspersed by single surfacings.Sei whales in Berkeley Sound exhibited a higher proportion of surface dives than whales in West Falkland, and those surface dives were of lowermean and median IBI. Individual sei whales had surface bouts comprising a mean of 3.8 blows and a mean IBI of 33.4s. These are the firstquantifiable data on surfacing-dive patterns and CRs for sei whales in the Falkland Islands and across the wider range of the species. The data haveconservation and management relevance, including addressing availability bias for line transect and cue count abundance estimates, incorporationinto vessel strike modelling, and understanding foraging behaviour.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol (PG) on the invitro embryo production (IVEP) of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers (7 to 8 months). For this study, 16 prepubertal heifers were distributed into two groups: Propylene Glycol Group (PGG; n=8) and Control Group (CG; n=7). Additionally, 8 pubertal heifers were used for the positive control group (PUB). All animals (n=23) underwent an ovum pickup (OPU) for follicular ablation on Day 0, followed by an FSH protocol treatment (160mg performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses, designated as D2PM, D3AM, D3PM, and D4AM). Animals from PGG received a ruminal infusion with 250mL of PG twice a day on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, using a drench. Animals from CG and PUB did not receive any additional treatment. On Day 5 all animals underwent another OPU, and oocytes were used for the IVEP (Sexing Technologies commercial laboratory). The produced embryos were transferred fresh to Holstein heifer recipients. Additionally, blood sampling was performed on D4PM (M1) and on the day of OPU (D5AM, M2) for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, via radioimmunoassay) and glucose (hexokinase) analysis. Data were analysed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. No difference was observed between groups for number of recovered oocytes (CG: 14.28±1.9; PGG: 14.87±3.9; PUB: 10.50±2.2; P=0.24), number of viable oocytes (CG: 10.71±2.5; PGG: 10.75±2.7; PUB: 9.50±2.0; P=0.80), cleaved oocytes (CG: 7.71±1.5; PGG: 9.50±2.1; PUB: 6.25±1.4; P=0.14), cleavage rate (CG: 54.2% (7.7 out of 14.2); PGG: 64.1% (9.5 of 14.8); PUB: 59.0% (6.2 of 10.5); P=0.35) and number of blastocysts (CG: 1.71±0.5; PGG: 2.00±0.6; PUB: 3.12±1.0; P=0.71). Pubertal heifers had higher blastocyst rates compared with prepubertal heifers, regardless of PG treatment (CG: 11.9% (1.7 of 14.2); PGG: 13.5% (2 of 14.8); PUB: 29.5% (3.1 of 10.5); P=0.01). No difference was observed between groups for 30-day (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 46.7% (7 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.96) or 60-day pregnancy rates (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 33.3% (5 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.86). In addition, no difference was observed for pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 days (CG: 0.0% (0 of 12); PGG: 13.3% (2 of 15); PUB: 0.0% (0 of 14); P=0.99). Regarding metabolic blood analysis, no difference was observed for IGF-1 (ngmL−1) between groups (P=0.38), moment of sample collection (P=0.06), and interaction of group×moment (P=0.87; CG/M1: 263.36±15.2; CG/M2: 297.71±18.7; PGG/M1: 304.25±26.9; PGG/M2: 332.61±31.6; PUB/M1: 309.16±19.9; PUB/M2: 311.07±18.8). Glucose (mg dL−1) was higher (P=0.0001) for pubertal heifers (91.63±1.4) compared with the other groups (CG: 102.25±1.1; PGG: 107.71±3.5); however, no difference was observed for moment of sample collection (P=0.35) or interaction of group×moment (P=0.36). These data show that treatment with PG was not efficient to improve the IVEP of prepubertal Holstein heifers, embryos from prepubertal heifers treated with PG did not have increased pregnancy rate, and treatment did not increase IGF-1 or glucose blood levels.

Barrow Island, which lies about 90 km north of Onslow off the arid Western Australian Pilbara coast, experienced its driest year on record in 1990 with a total of only 122.4 mm of rain. Golden bandicoots captured in November 1990 evidenced poor condition and mean body mass was a low 242.6 +/- 10.9 g with-a total body water content (TBW) of 76.3 +/- 1.4%. Despite this substantial loss of body water and solids, the animals maintained water and electrolyte balance during the period of turnover [water influx 79.5 +/- 6.9 v. efflux 83.3 +/- 5-7 mL (kg0.82 day)-1 and sodium influx 4.9 +/- 0.7 v. efflux 5.3 +/- 0.7 mmol (kg day)-1]. By April 1991, although only a further 37.4 mm of rain had been recorded on Barrow Island, the condition of the bandicoots had improved markedly, as a result of exploitation of insect resources, and their mean body mass had increased to 306.5 +/- 22.6 g and TBW decreased to 62.5 +/- 1.4% (both P < 0.001), the latter reflecting enhanced fat stores. This general improvement in condition of the bandicoots was in marked contrast to that of other herbivorous marsupials on the island. Rates of water and sodium turnover of the golden bandicoots were, however, not significantly different from those measured in the previous November, Field Metabolic Rates (FMRs), measured with doubly labelled water ((HHO))-H-3-O-18, were extremely low, averaging only 0.45 +/- 0.26 mL CO2 (g h)-1, which is very close to laboratory estimates of 0.35 +/- 0.09 mL O2(g h)-1 for the basal metabolic rate of this species. A major cyclone struck Barrow Island on 3 March 1992, with 162 mm of rain falling in 24 h, and turnover measurements in May of that year revealed a substantial increase in rates of water flux. Mean body mass further increased to 332.6 +/- 8.5 g and TBW averaged 61.8 +/- 1.1%. Water turnover rates were significantly elevated when compared with April of the previous year with an influx of 112.5 +/- 7.3 and an efflux of 119.0 +/- 7.6 mL (kg0.82 day)-1 respectively (both P = 0.001). Rates of sodium turnover, however, were only slightly lower at 3.6 +/- 0.5 and 4.1 +/- 0.5 mmol (kg day)-1 for influx and efflux respectively (P = 0.056 for influx only), suggesting a slight decrease in the average sodium content of the diet. The volume of water required to maintain hygric balance was estimated by regression analysis at 26.7 mL day-1 [=88.3 mL (kg0.82 day)-1] in November 1990, and 33-9 mL day-1 [=85.2 mL (kg0.82 day)-1] in May 1992, following rain. The FMR of eight bandicoots was very significantly elevated to 1.39 +/- 0.23 mL CO2 (g h)-1 after rain, which is substantially higher than even the FMR of 0.91 +/- 0.07 mL CO2(g h)-1, or 644 kJ day-1, reported for the closely related southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) studied in the region of Perth by Nagy et al. (1991). Turnover rates of water and sodium for two rodent species, the Barrow Island mouse (Pseudomys nanus) and the rock rat (Zyzomys argurus), were very similar to those recorded for golden bandicoots in the dry period, but FMRs were a little higher at 0.80 +/- 0.26 and 0.59 +/- 0-36 mL CO2(g h)-l respectively. The FMR of Barrow Island mice increased very significantly to a mean of 2.73 +/- 0.50 mL CO2(g h)-l after rain, but rock rats were not caught at this time. The data document the impressive ability of these mammals to avail themselves of extremely limited resources and maintain physiological homoiostasis under conditions of extreme aridity.

Balık jelatinindeki zayıf jel kuvvetini yükseltmek ve kullanım alanlarını genişletmek için bir takım modifikasyon çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada balık jelatininin reolojik özellikleri üzerine çapraz bağ oluşturmak amacıyla %20 şarap tortusu (WL) ilave edilerek farklı pH değerlerinde (3, 5 ve 7) yüksek doz gamma ışınlamanın(10, 20 ve 30 kGy), etkisi incelenmiştir . WL ilavesi ile jelatinde en yüksek jel kuvveti 2380.68±34.45 Pa olarak tespit edilmiştir. WL ilavesi örneklerin jel mukavemetini %52 oranında arttırmıştır. 10, 20 ve 30 kGy ışınlama dozuna göre solüsyonların jel kuvvetleri sırasıyla 1351.74, 646.80 ve 599.87 Pa olarak tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan ışınlama dozları içerisinde jelleşme kinetiği yönünden en iyi sonuç 10 kGy ile elde edilmiştir. WL ilavesiz kontrol grubunun jelleşme oranı kgel değeri 286.03 Pa, WL ilaveli kontrol grubunun kgel değeri ise 332.64 Pa olarak tespit edilmiştir. Işınlama grupları arasında en yüksek kgel değeri 10 kGy ışınlanan örnekte 184.43 Pa olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm jelatin solüsyonlarının Power-law modeli ile uyumlu olduğu ve elastik özelliklerinin viskoz özelliklerden daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kıvam indeksi Kʹ değeri 2373. 25 Pa.s olarak en yüksek ışınlanmamış WL ilaveli örnekte bulunmuştur. 10, 20 ve 30 kGy gamma ışınlama jelatinin erime derecesini önemli düzeyde arttırmış ve erime dereceleri sırasıyla 45.36, 43.61 ve 35.41 °C olarak belirlenmiştir. pH değerleri jelatinin jel kuvveti, jelleşme ve erime derecelerini önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. pH3’de jelatin solüsyonlarının daha düşük jel kuvveti ve erime derecesi değerlerine sahip olduğu pH7’nin yapıyı değiştirmediği pH5’in ise tüm reolojik özellikleri arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. pH5 ile kgel değerinde %30 oranında bir artış ve erime derecesinde de kontrol örneğe göre 2 kat artış tespit edilmiş olup en yüksek erime derecesi 48.72 oC’ye ulaşılmıştır.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the world’s third most important pulse crop. It belongs to the pea family with short, hairy pods containing usually two seeds. Chickpea is an important high protein crop of “Thal” area in Pakistan having major source of protein in animal feed and human diet especially for low income group, by supplementing their cereal diets. Efficacy of three different fungicides was studied in field laboratory against occurrence of gram wilt. Field study showed that Divind Star 036FS (difenconazole + cyproconazole) @1 ml/ kg of seed was proved to be best by minimum disease occurrence with mean of 7.18% compared with 39.26% in control. Although statistically similar results were obtained of all three fungicide treatments with efficacy order of Divind Star 036FS Teranil 45 DP Dynasty 125 FS. Divind Star 036FS was also proved most effective for better yield followed by Teranil 45 DP (bromothelanil) 5 gm/ kg of seed with mean of 340.67 332.66 grams per m² respectively. Control plot showed minimum yield with mean of 193 grams/ m². Comparative study of percent germination of gram crop in field after seed treatment with three different fungicides showed that Dynasty 125 FS (ezoxystrobin + fludioxonil + mefenoxam) @ 3 ml/ kg of seed was best with maximum mean germination of 78.33% over control with mean germination of 55% only.

Carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin–nanochitosan–glutaraldehyde (CM-βCD:nChi:Glu) terpolymer was prepared as a nano-adsorbent for the removal of the anionic textile dye, acid red 37. The terpolymer nanocomposite formation and characterization were clarified by FTIR, XRD, scanning electron microscopy, TEM, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area (BET-SSA), and zeta potential. The removal of the textile dye was investigated by using the batch adsorption method, investigating the effect of pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The results revealed that the maximum removal efficiency of 102.2 mg/L of the dye is about 99.67% under pH 6.0, the optimal contact time is 5 min, and the adsorbent dosage is 0.5 g/L. At 29°C; the adsorption capacity increased from 81.29 to 332.60 mg/g when the initial concentration of the dye was increased from 40.97 to 212.20 mg/L. Adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo–second-order model with a good correlation (R2 = 0.9998). The Langmuir isotherm model can best describe the adsorption isotherm model. Based on the experimental results, the CM-βCD:nChi:Glu terpolymer has a promising potential as an efficient novel adsorbent for the removal of textile dye acid red 37 from contaminated water. This study’s preparation techniques and demonstrated mechanisms offer valuable insights into the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions mechanism, analysis, challenges, and future directions of beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan–based adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

Research Objective to find out how much capital capability of PT.Papua TV. Jayapura., How much management ability of PT.Papua TV. Jayapura. How much acceptance ability of PT. Papua TV. Jayapura. How much Comparison of Operational Cost to Operating Income (BOPO) from PT.Papua TV. Jayapura. And How much Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) from PT.Papua TV. Jayapura. The method used is Camel model analysis using data of period 2010-2013. TV Health Level Analysis Results. Papua based on Camel Model that is (1). Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) approach for 2011 through 2013 Healthy Capital of Papua TV Capital (2) Net Profit Margin (NPM) approach, 2011 to 2013 Healthy Papua TV financial management (3) Return on Asset (ROA) , the financial condition of Papua TV in 2013 is healthy because the assets in question are still greater than the profit. (4) The Operational Cost Approach to Operational Income BOPO.Tahun 2013 BOPO Papua TV is 332.6 bigger than 95.92% which means the oparasional cost (5) Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) explains that the financial condition of Papua TV can not be measured healthy category or unhealthy because of PT. Papua TV is not a BUMD engaged in credit so that for LDR analysis can not be measured. Keywords: Financial performance, capital capability, management, revenue, and Operating Income

Abstract Purpose To assess clinical results of the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm2 accelerated crosslinking (ACXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) over a span of 5 years. Methods The prospective open non-randomized interventional study (Siena Eye-Cross Study 2) included 156 eyes of 112 patients with early progressive KC undergoing the Epi-Off 9 mW/5.4 J/cm2 ACXL at the Siena Crosslinking Centre, Italy. The mean age was 18.05 ± 5.6 years. The 20-min treatments were performed using the New KXL I (Avedro, Waltham, USA), 10 min of 0.1% HPMC Riboflavin soaking (VibeX Rapid, Avedro, Waltham, USA) and 10 min of continuous-light UV-A irradiation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), Kmax, coma, minimum corneal thickness (MCT), surface asymmetry index (SAI), endothelial cell count (ECC) were measured, and corneal OCT performed. Results UDVA and CDVA improved significantly at the 3rd (P = 0.028), Δ + 0.17 Snellen lines and 6th postoperative month, respectively (P < 0.001), Δ + 0.23 Snellen lines. Kmax improved at the 6th postoperative month (P = 0.03), Δ − 1.49 diopters from the baseline value. Also, coma aberration value improved significantly (P = 0.004). A mild temporary haze was recorded in 14.77% of patients without affecting visual acuity and without persistent complications. Corneal OCT revealed a mean demarcation line depth at 332.6 ± 33.6 μm. Conclusion The 5-year results of Epi-Off 9 mW/5.4 J/cm2 ACXL demonstrated statistically significant improvements in UCVA and CDVA, corneal curvature and corneal higher-order aberrations which confers a long-term stability for progressive ectasia. Based on the results of the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2, the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm2 ACXL is a candidate to be the natural evolution of Epi-Off CXL treatment for the management of early progressive corneal ectasia, and thus optimize clinic workflow.