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Tsai, Midi. „The relationship between osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs and dietary calcium intake among South Asian women in Auckland : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Nutrition at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand“. Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/855.
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Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is growing in significance because of our aging population. It is estimated that one in three New Zealand women over the age of 50 years will suffer from an osteoporotic-related fracture. The risk of osteoporosis among South Asian women living in New Zealand is unknown. However, this is an important and growing population group. The purpose of this study was to determine osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and dietary calcium intake in a sample of South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand. Relationships between these variables and the predictors of dietary calcium intake were examined. A sample of 102 South Asian women (mean age of 41.6 years) completed an online questionnaire to assess osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs using the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), respectively. A four day food diary was used to assess dietary calcium and energy intake. In general, these South Asian women were lacking in osteoporosis knowledge, they did not perceive themselves to be susceptible to osteoporosis and did not consider osteoporosis to be a serious disease. They perceived many benefits of consuming a high calcium diet for the prevention of osteoporosis and did not identify many barriers to dietary calcium intake. In addition, these South Asian women were highly health motivated. Perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake (R=-0.32; P<0.01) and health motivation (R=0.30; P<0.01) were significantly correlated to dietary calcium intake. Health motivation, perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake and the use of a dietary supplement were significant predictors of dietary calcium intake and together explained 27% of the variance. These findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention interventions may need to increase awareness, overcome perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake as well as maintain health motivation among these South Asian women to achieve sufficient dietary calcium intake.
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von, Hurst Pamela Ruth. „The role of vitamin D in metabolism and bone health : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nutritional Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand“. Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1148.
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Background Hypovitaminosis D is becoming recognised as an emerging threat to health, even in countries like New Zealand which enjoy plentiful sunshine. The evidence for a role for vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of a plethora of diseases continues to accumulate, including type 2 diabetes, and the preceding insulin resistance. Objectives The primary objective of the Surya Study was to investigate the effect of improved vitamin D status (through supplementation) on insulin resistance. The secondary objectives were to investigate the vitamin D status and bone mineral density of South Asian women living in New Zealand, and to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover as measured by biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation. Method Women of South Asian origin, ≥20 years old, living in Auckland (n = 235) were recruited for the study. All were asked to complete a 4-day food diary, invited to have a bone scan, and were screened for entry into the intervention phase which required insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >1.93) and serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Eighty-one completed a 6-month randomised controlled trial with 4000 IU vitamin D3 (n = 42) or placebo (n = 39). Primary endpoint measures included insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S), fasting C-peptide and markers of bone turnover, osteocalcin (OC) and collagen C-telopeptide (CTX). Ninety-one of the 239 had a bone scan and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Results Adequate serum 25(OH)D concentrations (>50 nmol/L) were observed in only 16% of subjects screened. Median (25th, 75th percentile) serum 25(OH)D increased significantly from 21 (11,40) to 75 (55,84) nmol/L with supplementation. Significant improvements were seen in insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (P = 0·003, P = 0·02 respectively), and circulating serum insulin decreased (P = 0·02) with supplementation compared to placebo. There was no change in C-peptide with supplementation. Insulin resistance was most improved when endpoint serum 25(OH)D =80 nmol/L. In post-menopausal women OC and CTX levels increased in the placebo arm but CTX decreased from 0.39±0.15 to 0.36±0.17 (P = 0.012) with supplementation. Osteoporosis (T score <-2.5) was present in 32% of postmenopausal, and 3% of premenopausal women. Women 20 – 29 years (n=10) had very low BMD, calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D Conclusions Improving vitamin D status in insulin resistant women resulted in improved insulin resistance and sensitivity but no change in insulin secretion. Optimal 25(OH)D concentrations for reducing insulin resistance were shown to be ≥80 nmol/L. The prevalence of low 25(OH)D concentrations in this population was alarmingly high, especially in younger women. In post-menopausal women, vitamin D supplementation appeared to ameliorate increased bone turnover attributed to oestrogen deficiency.
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Breiter, Abbe Michelle. „Effects of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic dance instructors“. FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1805.
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The effectiveness of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic instructors was studied. Forty-seven subjects participated in the study. The experimental group (n=31) chose to and paid for a two-hour per week session of structured nutrition education for four weeks, the control group (n=16) did not. A nutrition knowledge test was completed by all subjects before and after the intervention. Results were analyzed for relationships between subject's nutrition knowledge and age, gender, educational background, income, and body mass index. No significant differences were found between the groups. The results showed that prior to any formal nutrition education, fitness instructors in the experimental and control groups had low nutrition knowledge (8.06%±16.4% and 4.38%±4.12%, respectively). Post-intervention nutrition knowledge significantly improved (p
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Cedillo, Maribel. „Rainbow diet : a new nutrition education tool“. FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2093.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a developmentally appropriate new nutrition education tool, the Rainbow Diet for Children (RDFC), to encourage and aid parents in feeding their children according to current national recommendations. In phase I of the study, the RDFC was developed. Foods were grouped based on color. This grouping provided 11 food groups and foods that provide adequate nutrition for children ages 3-6 years. Using a focus group theoretical diets/foods selections in the RDFC were tested for nutrition adequacy.
Phase II of the study consisted of actual testing of the RDFC with children. Nutrition intervention was given to children at two Montessori Schools in Miami, FL. The RDFC and the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) were used as nutrition education tools with different groups of children. Children and their parents were encouraged to follow one of the food guides for two weeks. Fifteen healthy children followed the food guides (9 children followed the RDFC and 6 the FGP) while 7 children served as control subjects. Pre and post nutrition analyses were conducted for all three groups.
A pre and post intervention comparison revealed three significant differences. For the FGP group cholesterol intake was significantly (p<0.006) increased and thiamin intake was significantly (p<0.022) decreased. For the control group there was a significant increase (p<0.005) in the vitamin A intake.
For the inter group mean change scores (posttest-pretest) two significant differences were found. First, cholesterol intake in the RDFC was significantly (p<0.045) decreased while for the other two groups it increased significantly. Furthermore, the mean monounsaturated fat intake for the RDFC group significantly decreased (p<0.047) from pre to post, whereas in the other two groups it was increased. These findings support our hypothesis that it is possible to create an alternative meal planning system for 3 to 6 year old children. The RDFC group had adequate nutritional intake while following the rainbow diet meal plan.
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Ajabshir, Sahar. „The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes“. FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3649.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 4000 IU and 6000 IU of daily vitamin D3 supplementation for 3 months and 6 months on 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and glycated albumin (GA%) among a group of individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D. Furthermore, this study investigated the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-OHdG, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), GA% and insulin. Ninety participants were recruited by community outreach and were screened. Sixty-eight participants met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and completed the study. DII for each individuals was calculated based on the values obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Measurements of variables were conducted at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of supplementation. Serum CRP, 8-OHdg, GA%, HbA1c and insulin were measured by enzymatic immunoassay methods. Mixed model was used to compare treatment groups. Covariates in the adjusted model included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), insulin, HbA1c, years with type 2 diabetes, perceived stress, physical activity, and sun exposure. Mean age was 54.94± 7.93 years.A multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, and fasting plasma glucose was used to test for the linear trend between DII and CRP, 8-OHdG, GA% and insulin.The unadjusted model showed no significant associations between quartiles of DII, CRP, HbA1c and GA%. A significant inverse association was observed between the fourth DII quartile and insulin level (p=0.030). There was a significant association between SBP and DII in Q4 (p=0.029).The unadjusted mean ± SD for 8-OHdG levels at baseline, after 3 and 6 months were 8068.94 ± 2158.13 pg/mL, 9462.22 ± 2403.89 pg/mL, and 7412.69 ± 2031.68 pg/mL, respectively. The unadjusted mixed model showed no difference between the 4000 and 6000 IU groups regarding the oxidative stress and GA%. Interactions between time and treatment were not significant. The model showed a statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG level between baseline and 3 months (PP=0.015), and from 3 months to 6 months (P=0.039), but not from baseline to 6 months (P= 0.488). The results of the present study showed daily oral supplementation with higher doses of vitamin D for 6 months may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and glycemic status among a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of hyperinsulinemia and hypertension among individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D.
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Dawes, Lisa A. Ms. „PARENTING NUTRITION SKILLS WORKSHOP: AN EVALUATION OF FACILITATED GROUP DISCUSSIONS TO ENHANCE PARENTING NUTRITION SELF EFFICACY“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1073.
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Abstract
Parenting Nutrition Skills Workshops: An Evaluation of Facilitated Group Discussions to Enhance Parenting Nutrition Self-Efficacy
By: Lisa Dawes, RD, CDE
This research study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using facilitated group discussion (FGD), a less traditional method of nutrition education, for increasing parents’ feelings of self-efficacy in their ability to make nutrition-related decisions, and to set and enforce nutrition-related boundaries with their children.
Childhood obesity is on the rise; poor food choices, portion control, and inactivity are identified as contributing causes. Parents play a major role in creating healthy habits and providing a well-balanced diet for their children. Caregivers who act as the nutrition and behavior gatekeepers were targeted in this intervention. The objective of the current study was to enhance parenting nutrition education and identify barriers to healthy feeding practices in order to optimize nutrition and eating behavior.
Twenty-one parents and three grandparents (n = 24) of preschool and school-aged children participated in one-hour FGD parenting nutrition skills workshops. Parent volunteers participated in one of four workshops in a Central California community. Prior to the workshop, topics for discussion were chosen from common feeding issues determined in the literature such as food-related decisions at various locations (home, school, dining out, on the road); feeding jags; and dealing with a picky eater.
Parents completed validated questionnaires both before and immediately following the workshops. Two weeks after the workshops, parents were interviewed by telephone to measure longer-term impact of the FGD. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires demonstrated that mean self-confidence levels significantly increased for the ability to set and enforce nutrition-related boundaries for their children directly after, and two weeks after participating in the FGD. Parents also demonstrated an increase in mean self-confidence levels in their ability to purchase nutritious foods and offer those foods to their children two weeks after participating in the FGD. Behaviors associated with an authoritative parenting style—such as modeling healthy eating; encouraging healthy food intake; and offering healthy foods without forcing the child to eat—were significantly higher two weeks after participating in the FGD. Significance may be attributed to the method of information delivery (FGD), the curriculum Feeding the Kids (FtK), or authoritative parents being more receptive to receiving new information, or a combination of all three.
Overall, research results suggest that the use of FGD, coupled with a visual tool such as the Chat Mat created for this project, increased parents’ feelings of self-efficacy and elicited positive nutrition-related behaviors in adopting healthy feeding strategies for their children.
Keywords: Nutrition education, facilitated group discussion, self-efficacy, parenting styles, feeding strategies, parenting nutrition skills
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Boyee, Jennifer Kristin. „PRACTICE AND APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE BY NUTRITION STUDENTS“. UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/122.
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Practice and knowledge of upper‐level human nutrition and dietetics students (juniors and seniors, n=96) attending a midwestern university were compared to their comprehension and application of the Scope of Dietetics Practice. The sample consisted of 96 students, primarily (72%) in the 21 – 23 age category; females made up 83% and males comprised the remaining 17% of the sample. In this sample, 70% of the participants reported dietetics as their current major, and 30% stated that their major was human nutrition. Overall, students majoring in human nutrition responded neutrally to the questions concerning comprehension, knowledge, and implementation of the Scope of Dietetics Practice, while participants majoring in dietetics reported better knowledge, comprehension, and implementation of the Scope of Dietetics Practice. However, students majoring in human nutrition reported increased use of nutrition information to diagnose others than were students studying dietetics. In general, participants responded to questions regarding their practice and application of nutrition knowledge to themselves and others as would be expected, though there were differences between the students studying human nutrition and those studying dietetics.
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Kassier, Susanna Maria. „Investigation of weight management-related focus areas in middle-class overweight/obese Black (Zulu) women to advise healthy weight loss intervention development“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15520.
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The South African Demographic and Health Survey (1998 and 2003) revealed that urban black women had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity across all population and gender groups. This trend was confirmed by the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) who reported a substantial increase in the prevalence of obesity among black South African women. Hence, the high prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity among urban black South African women needs to be addressed through targeted weight loss/management interventions, as obesity and central obesity are risk factors for the development of a number of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, from the international literature, it is evident that overweight/obese black women are less likely to embark on a weight loss intervention, while those who seek treatment, are unlikely to complete the intervention, as weight loss interventions targeting as well as including black women have reported attrition rates ranging from 0to 79%. In addition, at this point in time, no common attrition tendencies have been documented for large clinic-based weight loss interventions targeting African-American women in the United States of America. As there is a serious paucity of published information on weight loss interventions targeting overweight/obesity in urban black South African women, the aim of this research was to investigate weight management-related focus areas in overweight/obese black (Zulu) women residing in an urban area in South Africa. This information is essential to advise the development of healthy weight loss interventions and appropriate messaging to promote weight loss and maintenance in black South African women. In order to achieve the this aim, the following research questions were formulated: (i) What is the weight management related profile of overweight/obese treatment-seeking black women; (ii) What is the outcome of a culturally sensitive healthy weight loss intervention in terms of weight loss, compliance (attendance of intervention sessions, lifestyle changes) and attrition: and (iii) Which factors may explain the outcomes of the culturally sensitive healthy weight loss intervention? To guide the investigation of these research questions the researcher first set out to identify weight management-related focus areas for overweight/obese black women from the literature. Ten succinct focus areas emerged and include the following: 1) treatment seeking behaviour; 2) weight loss success; 3) compliance to and attrition from weight loss programmes; 4) cultural influences on body shape and size perception and satisfaction; 5) cultural influences on food choices and eating patterns6) cultural influences on physical activity; 7) environmental factors and social support; 8)appropriateness of the weight loss programme for the target population; 9) dietary restraint, disinhibition, perceived hunger and bingeing and 10) psychological well-being (depression).
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Parker, Whadi-ah. „Lifestyle modification education in chronic diseases of lifestyle : insight into counselling provided by health professionals at primary health care facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2742.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The aim of this study is to conduct a formative assessment to explore health professionals’ capacity as well as the conditions within primary health care facilities in the Western Cape Metropole that facilitate or impede the provision of lifestyle modification education and counselling to patients with chronic diseases of lifestyle in order to make recommendations for an intervention programme that utilises available resources.
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Meltzer, Shelly Tracy. „Sources of error and bias in the assessment of dietary intake : 24-hour recalls and food records“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26735.
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The first aim of this dissertation was to validate the 24-hour recall method of dietary assessment and to identify possible sources of error and bias in a cross-cultural sample of South African women. The second aim of this dissertation was to determine the source and extent of inter-researcher variability associated with the interpretation of food intake records. The first study was designed to consider whether reporting error is dependent on individual subject characteristics such as ethnicity, body mass, body fatness, age and education, or whether it is due to the dietary assessment tool (i.e., the 24-hour recall). In this study 118 women (25-55 years old) representing different ethnic and language groups (51 Xhosa-speaking, 31 Afrikaans-speaking, 36 English-speaking), different job types ( 25 unemployed, 25 general assistants, 52 medics and para-medics and 16 administrative personnel) and different levels of education (5 with 6-7 years of schooling, 35 with 8-10 years of formal schooling, 43 with 11-12 years of formal schooling and 35 with post high school diploma or degree) consumed a meal that was based on what they reported to habitually eat. All food and beverages consumed were covertly weighed and this was compared to a 24- hour dietary recall performed on the following day. Results of this study showed that the overall variance in reporting error was low. The error was, however, nutrient specific and was related to certain subject characteristics. Under-reporting was greater for subjects with a higher percentage body fat mass and a greater body mass index. Subjects with a lower level of education were more likely to under-report absolute carbohydrate (g) intake, whereas subjects with a higher level of education tended to under-report dietary fat. Subjects with a greater knowledge of food and nutrition were more likely to under-estimate protein intake and overestimate carbohydrate intake. 'Seasonality' (fluctuations in food purchases due to income) affected body mass, socio-economic status and dietary reporting error. Under-reporting of fat intake (g) was greatest in subjects that experienced the most fluctuations in income. In the second study of this dissertation, three post graduate students in dietetics independently assessed and analyzed ten, 3-day food records. The specific areas of variability that were studied related to (i) the selecting of food names/codes on the computer dietary analysis program, (ii) the keying of data from the written dietary records (clerical errors) to the data storage file and, (iii) the conversion of food consumption quantities to gram weights (judgment errors). There were no systematic differences in the variability amongst dietitians in interpreting and analyzing dietary data in this study. The mean coefficient of variation for added sugar was 14.8 ± 12.6 (g) and for fat 7.1± 5.2 (g). In one subject, the range of difference in fat (kJ) intake assessed by the dietitians was as high as 1313 kJ. Conclusions: 1) Adiposity is a universal predictor for under-reporting of dietary intake. 2) Inaccuracies in dietary reporting are nutrient specific and may be influenced by social desirability bias (through education or knowledge of food), language, familiarity with certain foods and 'seasonality' in food purchases. 3) These same factors influence the choices of food and beverages that subjects make in a 'test meal' that is used to validate dietary intake 4) The variations in interpretation of the quality and quantity of reported food intake by the measurer is a source of experimental error that cannot be ignored and which may account, at least partially, for the difference between true and reported intake.
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Kawana, Beatrice Mazinza. „An assessment of the ffectiveness [i.e. effectiveness] of growth monitoring and promotion practices within the Lusaka urban district of Zambia“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2741.
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Cabrera, Katherine Marie. „Florida's health care reimbursement for outpatient medical nutrition therapy“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1957.
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The purpose of this study was to describe and inform registered dietitians (RDs) in the State of Florida what insurance companies are providing in terms of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) coverage.
A questionnaire was developed to encompass major MNT reimbursement stipulations such as policies, specific diseases coverage, specific Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and descriptors, use of the medical necessity letter and nutrition cost benefits analysis (CBA). The questionnaire, encompassing 27 plans (HMO, PPO, Indemnity, Medicare, Medicaid), also served as a MNT promotional tool for 11 top administrators from insurance companies (10 private, 1 government) around the State of Florida. The results showed that 78% of all plans reimbursed for MNT caseby- case even without specific MNT policies. Sixty-seven percent of the plans would approve for MNT reimbursement with a medical necessity letter. Half of these top administrators showed an optimistic interest in using nutrition CBAs, case studies and practice protocols for creating MNT policies. The top ranked CPT codes were found to be 99204 (1), 99202 (2), 99201 (2), 99203 (3). The most recognized corresponding descriptors with the CPT were MNT, disease management skills and training and nutritional counseling.
This questionnaire may be used to create additional MNT reimbursement audits or research. The results given in this study can aid RDs in proper documentation on insurance claim forms, usage of the medical necessity letter, nutrition CBAs, practice guidelines and case studies for successful MNT reimbursement.
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Kirkegaard, Amy J. „Quality Management in Primary Care Dietetics“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/420903.
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Background: Health is influenced by many determinants, including the social and physical environment, economic factors, and individual characteristics. Diet and nutrition play a critical role in health, both in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, with dietary risk factors alone causing 5.3% of the total disease burden in Australia. Dietetic care has been shown to improve consumer outcomes, demonstrating its role in addressing the burden caused by poor diet. While quality has been extensively explored in tertiary and, to a lesser degree, in primary healthcare settings, there is limited research exploring quality in primary care dietetics.
The overarching aim of this doctoral research program was to explore quality management in primary care dietetics through the lens of complexity science. Five aims were addressed in four sequential stages of research using a qualitatively driven mixed methods design. The five aims were: i) to describe and evaluate the literature on quality improvement strategies used to enhance health outcomes achieved by dietetic care that is delivered in the primary care setting (Stage 1); ii) to explore primary care dietetics through the lens of complexity science (Stage 2); iii) to explore how healthcare consumers describe nutrition care (Stage 3); iv) to explore how healthcare consumers and professionals describe dietetic care (Stage 3); and v) to develop a theoretical approach to quality management for primary care dietetic services (Stage 4). The research was designed and executed from a pragmatic philosophical positioning and, consequently, focused on exploring quality with a solution- and action-orientated purpose.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sci & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Chutkan, Sophia S. „Preferences of dietitians and nurses for artificial nutrition and hydration“. FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2363.
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Dietitians are responsible for recommending artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for elderly patients with a diminished mental capacity. Research is non-existent regarding how the beliefs of dietitians influence their recommendations; however, data are available on the attitudes of physicians and nurses regarding ANH. This study was designed to determine how the beliefs of dietitians and nurses affect their decisions regarding administering ANH. Dietitians and nurses, 1500 of each, were asked to agree or disagree with thirteen belief statements related to ANH. The participants also recommended ANH for eight scenarios, which depicted elderly patients with different moods and mental capacities. Results indicated dietitians significantly (p<0.001) more than nurses agreed with the belief statement "when in doubt feed". In all the scenarios, dietitians recommended ANH significantly (p<0.001) more than nurses. Nurses would recommend a trial (p<0.01) or not recommend (p<0.01) ANH more than dietitians. Also, a greater percentage of professionals had a tendency to recommend feeding for the happy patient rather than the unhappy patient. A patient's mood may influence a professional's decision as whether or not to recommend ANH. Dietitians are more likely to recommend ANH to elderly patients with a diminished mental capacity whereas nurses are less aggressive in their recommendations.
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Swiss, Maria Diane. „Evaluation of Breastfeeding Curricula in Didactic Programs in Dietetics and Dietetic Internships Across the United States“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6250.
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Background: Breastfeeding is known to have many benefits for both mothers and infants. With the Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding, health professionals have increased their attention on breastfeeding competency. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate breastfeeding curricula that are currently being covered in didactic programs in dietetics (DPDs) and dietetic internships (DIs) across the United States. Methods: Two-part surveys were sent to all directors of DPDs and DIs (n=475) with instructions to forward the second portion of the survey to instructors of classes that taught about breastfeeding. Qualtrics software was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate what was currently being done to educate students about breastfeeding. Two independent researchers used qualitative analysis to categorize course names that were provided as a free response. Results: Over 80% of DPDs taught the topics of other components of human milk and breastfeeding and health for infants most thoroughly. The topic of breastfeeding and health for infants was taught most completely in DIs (65%). Course instructors had an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant teach part of the breastfeeding material about a fourth of the time (DPDs=26.8%; DIs=21.9%). Interns participated in breastfeeding counseling the most during WIC rotations (DIs=90%). Course instructors usually taught about breastfeeding themselves (DPDs=91%; DIs=44%) and used lectures in their instruction (DPDs=93%; DIs=75%). Conclusion: This research provides background in the current status of breastfeeding curricula in DPDs and DIs across the United States. This knowledge could be used to determine standards for breastfeeding curricula, implement improvements to breastfeeding curricula, and set precedence for further evaluations in DPDs and DIs.
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Adkins, Cecile. „Instructional Strategies That Promote Cultural Competence in Nutrition and Dietetics Education“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3481.
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Changing demographics in the United States to a minority-majority culture require health care professionals who are culturally competent to provide appropriate care to patients. In a university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, a gap existed between student education and the culturally competent professional practice of entry-level registered dietitians. Using Freire's notion of social justice and Vygotsky's constructivist theory as the conceptual frameworks, the purpose of this study was to explore educators' instructional strategies that promoted cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics education. The research questions examined how educators described the instructional practices they employed to promote cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics education. Using a qualitative instrumental case study design, 9 educators responded to an open-ended questionnaire, as well as provided documents for analysis in the form of assignments. First-cycle data analysis was conducted using an initial coding protocol followed with a second-cycle phase using axial coding. The key themes for educators included the necessity of cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics instruction, and classroom and experiential learning activities engagement. The key conclusion was cultural competence is necessary to bridge the gap between student education and professional practice. The project study resulted in a position paper that recommended revising the local study site's curriculum to be based in cultural competence instruction through multiple modalities of collaborative and experiential learning activities. Positive social change will be present through enhancing nutrition and dietetics education to better better prepare students to be culturally competent professionals who provide improved health care to their patients.
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Furtado, Margaret M. „The effect of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and body composition of Little League cheerleaders“. FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3428.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if a short-term nutrition education program could significantly improve the nutrition knowledge (as assessed by the .Nutrition Achievement Test (NAT)) and body composition (as measured by the weight-for-length index (WLI) and body mass index (BMI)) of female cheerleaders aged 7 to 13. Nutrition lessons were presented to the experimental group during a two month treatment period. Using a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and performing two-sample t tests on mean differences (post-test minus pre-test) in BMI, WLI and mean percent correct on the Nutrition Achievement Test (NAT), it was discovered that the experimental group (teams A,C; N=34) did not differ significantly from the control group (teams B,D; N=31) with respect to mean differences (post-test minus pre-test) in WLI (p=0.10), and BMI (p=0.49). However, the experimental and control groups differed significantly with respect to mean difference percent correct NAT scores (p=0.042), with the experimental group improving more than the control. Closer examination revealed the older experimental team (C) improved significantly (p=0.0017), while the younger experimental team (A), did not (p=0.64). Neither of the control groups improved significantly. ANCOVA was performed on the post-test percent correct on the NAT, using the pretest as a covariate, for the 15 experimental and 14 control subjects taking NAT Test 4. ANCOVA revealed that the experimental group’s adjusted post-test mean score was higher than the control's (p<.01). These results suggest that nutrition education may result in significant improvements in the nutrition knowledge of adolescent females enrolled in an extra-curricular cheerleading league and/or program.
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Brill, Janet Bond. „Precompetition dietary practices of competitive male and female bodybuilders“. FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1809.
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A comprehensive analysis of precompetition dietary beliefs and behaviors of competitive bodybuilders has yet to be documented in the literature. The purposes of this study were (a) to quantify and document types of supplements competitive male and female bodybuilders consume, (b) to document how much money they spend on them each month, (c) to describe what dietary modifications and behaviors they follow in preparation for a contest and (d) to describe their nutrition beliefs associated with these habits. Three hundred and nine competitive male and female bodybuilders completed questionnaires regarding their precompetition dietary practices. It was found that bodybuilders consume a wide variety of supplements and use a multitude of dietary training practices which vary depending on the training phase. A large percentage of bodybuilders agreed with statements on supplement use and training practices that are unsubstantiated by scientific research.
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Buckmire, Dianne C. „Sources of nutrition information for persons living in Trinidad and Tobago“. FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1941.
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Health consumers worldwide obtain nutrition information from various sources; however, the sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians accessed were unclear. This cross-sectional, descriptive study ascertained from which sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians obtained nutrition information. Participants (n = 845) were surveyed with questions regarding demographics and nutrition information sources. Nearly 100% agreed nutrition information was important. Persons 18-64 years old mainly accessed print media (p<0.01) and ≥ 65years old predominantly accessed the non-print media. Significantly more tertiary educated people, ≥ 35 years old, retrieved information from print media (p=0.001), health care professionals (p=0.001), food labels (p=0.006), and non-print media (p=0.03) when compared to those < 35 years with similar education. Tertiary educated people (67%), selected the Internet when compared to those with without tertiary education (33%) (p<0.001). Knowing the nutrition information sources accessed, dietitians will be able to provide consistent, accurate, age specific nutrition information and promote healthy eating among Trinidadians and Tobagonians.
20
Baker, Holly Jean. „Physical activity and nutrition related variables in hispanic and non-hispanic college students“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1375.
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It has been estimated that one in four adults have sedentary lifestyles. In addition there appears to be an increase in obesity across the life span. It is of great importance to the health of this nation to understand how to promote more active lifestyles through the identification of lifestyle behaviors of active individuals and potential predictors of physical activity (PA). Seven hundred and seventy-seven college students were surveyed to investigate the relationship between nutrition related variables (i.e., dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge, food choice and body weight concerns) and PA. In this study, over half of the students reported doing 30 minutes of moderate intensity PA daily. Vigorously active males and females chose low fat foods more often than the less active group. Exercisers and non-exercisers had similar nutrition knowledge. The results of this study suggest that students who are more active are more conscience about making healthier food choices.
21
Casazza, Krista. „A computer based approach to improve the dietary and physical activity patterns of a diverse group of adolescents“. FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2022.
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Diet and physical activity patterns have been implicated as major factors in the increasing prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity. It is estimated that between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents in the United States are overweight (CDC, 2000). Moreover, the CDC estimates that less than 50% of adolescents are physically active on a regular basis (CDC, 2003). Interventions must be focused to modify these behaviors. Facilitating the understanding of proper nutrition and need for physical activity among adolescents is the first step in preventing overweight and obesity and delaying the development of chronic diseases later in life (Dwyer, 2000). The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of students receiving one of two forms of education (both emphasizing diet and physical activity), to determine whether a computer based intervention (CBI) program using an interactive, animated CD-ROM would elicit a greater behavior change in comparison to a traditional didactic intervention (TDI) program. A convenience sample of 254 high school students aged 14-19 participated in the 6-month program. A pre-test post-test design was used, with follow-up measures taken at three months post-intervention.
No change was noted in total fat, saturated fat, fruit/vegetables, or fiber intake for any of the groups. There was also no change in perceived self-efficacy or perceived social support. Results did, however, indicate an increase in nutrition knowledge for both intervention groups (p<0.001). In addition, the CBI group demonstrated more positive and sustained behavior changes throughout the course of the study. These changes included a decrease in BMI (ppre/post <0.001, ppost/follow-up<0.001), number of meals skipped (ppre/post <0.001), and soda consumption (ppre/post =0.003, ppost/follow-up =0.03) and an increase in nutrition knowledge (ppre/post <0.001, ppost/follow-up<0.001), physical activity (ppre/post <0.05, ppost/follow-up<0.01), frequency of label reading (ppre/post <0.01) and in dairy consumption (ppre/post <0.03). The TDI group did show positive gains in some areas post intervention, however a return to baseline behavior was shown at follow-up. Findings of this study suggest that compared to traditional didactic teaching, computer-based nutrition and health education has greater potential to elicit change in knowledge and behavior as well as promote maintenance of the behavior change over time.
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Chisholm, Martha M. „The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on zinc (Zn) retention in the tissue of rats“. FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2342.
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Zn is regularly added to TPN solutions, however, requirements are poorly understood. This research investigated whether or not the route of Zn intake (oral vs parenteral) changes Zn concentration in rat tissues. Twenty-four male Fischer-344 rats were equally and randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=6): control (CON), baseline (BS), orally fed (OF), and intravenously fed (IV). After fifteen days of feeding, organs and sera were collected and analyzed for Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the nine tissues analyzed, the Zn concentrations in the liver, kidney, and lung of the IV rats were significantly higher (p<1.l) than those of the CON, BS, and OF rats. Results indicated that rats fed intravenously with Zn displayed increased Zn concentrations in liver, kidney and lung tissues, and that the concentration of Zn in the serum may not reflect tissue Zn levels. This suggests that the route of Zn intake affects tissue Zn concentration.
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Ashchi, Mona Jahjah. „Further evidence for the relationship between eating frequency, body mass index, and physical activity“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1327.
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The relationship between the frequency of eating, physical activity and Body Mass Index (BMI) was investigated. Seventy five women, aged 24 to 55, were recruited from Florida International University. Via interview, subjects provided information regarding demographics and habitual eating frequency over 24-hours, and completed both the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity and the Health Insurance Plan of New York Questionnaire on Physical Activity. Pearson correlations and partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between eating frequency, physical activity, age, and BMI. Results revealed significant positive correlations between eating frequency and total physical activity scores, and leisure time physical activity scores, but not between eating frequency and physical activity on the job. Partial correlations suggest that there may be an effect of eating frequency on BMI both through an effect on physical activity and through another mechanism. These results suggest that more frequent eaters tend to be more physically active, which may partially explain why lower body weights is associated with more frequent eating.
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Barrett, Sheila C. „Risk factors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among Jamaican adolescents“. FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1413.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine Jamaican adolescents in a school setting, for risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Methods: A descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional study of 276 Jamaican adolescents (112 males and 164 females) ages 14-19 years (15.6±1.2), randomly selected from grades 9-12 from ten high schools on the island. Thirteen risk factors were examined. Risk factors were compared with BMI levels and demographics. A sub-study validated finger prick testing of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and HbAlc versus venous testing in 59 subjects.
Results: Prevalence of overweight was 33.0% (n=91) with mean BMI of 23.74±7.74. Approximately 66.7% of subjects reported > 3 risk factors. The number of T2DM and CVDs risk factors increased for subjects with BMI above 25. One third of the overweight subjects were classified with the metabolic syndrome. High BMI was associated with high waist circumference (r =.767, p
(r = .180, p.05). Percentage bias for the methods of blood testing met the reference standards for fasting blood glucose but not for total cholesterol and HbAlc. Bland Altman tests of agreement between the two methods indicated good agreement for all three tests.
Conclusion: Jamaican adolescents are at high risk for T2DM and CVDs as seen in other study populations. Effective programs to prevent T2DM and CVDs are needed. Family history of diseases, anthropometric measures, and gender identified more subjects at risk than did the biochemical measures. Comparison between finger prick and venous blood methods suggested that finger prick is an adequate method to screen for risk factors in children and adolescents.
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Baker, Etty B. „Hospital discharge planning in the provision of food and nutrition services for older adults post discharge“. FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1374.
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This descriptive study examined whether discharge planning ensures that food and nutrition services are provided to older adults following hospital discharge. The questionnaire was distributed to discharge planning professionals in 11 South Florida hospitals. Of the 84 respondents (88% response rate), most were female nurse case managers. Almost all reported job barriers including excessive patient loads, too many responsibilities, and limited community services. While physicians, registered nurses, social workers, physical therapists, were deemed "very important" in discharge planning,registered dietitians were not, and almost half consulted them infrequently, if at all. Over 84% said nutrition-related medical conditions/factors, "strongly influenced" discharge planning. Many did not have adequate information about nutrition-related community resources, eg, home delivered meals, food stamps, outpatient registered dietitians. Therewere no universal approaches in meeting the nutrition needs in 6 case scenarios. More communication among community services and hospitals is needed.
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Batista, Sonia M. „Job satisfaction of dietitians in South Florida“. FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1432.
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The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction of dietitians in South Florida and to identify significant differences in job satisfaction between dietitians working in traditional versus non-traditional settings.
A job satisfaction questionnaire was developed, validated, and mailed to dietitians in Palm Beach, Broward, Dade, and Monroe counties. Out of 600 questionnaires mailed, 203 surveys were returned and 187 were valid and analyzed statistically. Seventy three percent of subjects practiced in traditional and 17% in non-traditional settings. Eighteen percent of 187 subjects surveyed reported feeling dissatisfied with their jobs and 59% reported feeling satisfied. There was no significant difference in satisfaction due to practice settings (traditional versus non-traditional). The subjects reported satisfaction with co-workers and supervisors. The two major areas where dissatisfaction was reported were compensation and professional recognition.
The results showed that the majority of dietitians in South Florida are, in general, satisfied with their jobs. Although dietitians' salaries have increased by approximately 80% since 1982, compensation was still viewed as inadequate by 48% of the subjects, given dietitians' education, skills and experience.
Because legislation to approve reimbursement of medical nutrition therapy is pending, increase in dietitians' knowledge of reimbursement issues is recommended. Dietitians must also promote assertively their valuable contribution to wellness, health, and the treatment of disease.
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Davis, Errol Earl. „Comparison of coronary heart disease risk factors in foreign-born and United States-born Afro Caribbean Americans and African Americans in South Florida“. FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2728.
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In a cross-sectional study design, risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) were evaluated in three groups: 66 Afro Caribbeans (FBCA) living in the US for less than 10 years, 62 US-born Afro Caribbean (USBCA) and 61 African American (AA) adults (18-40 years), with equal numbers of males and females in each group. Socio-demographic, dietary, anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected. Fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined.
The USBCA and AA participants compared to the FBCA participants consumed significantly (p< 0.05) more mean total fat (g) (66.3 ± 41.7 and 73.0± 47.8 vs. 52.8± 32.3), saturated fat (g) (23.1± 14.9 and 24.9± 15.8 vs. 18.6 11.5), percent energy from fat (%) (33.1 ± 6.5 and 31.4 ± 6.4 vs. 29.3 ± 6.8), fat servings (1.8 ± 1.2 and 1.5 ± 1.0 vs. 1.2 ± 0.9), dietary cholesterol (mg) (220.4 ± 161.9 and 244.1 ± 155.0 vs. 168.8 ± 114.0) and sodium (mg) (2245.2 ± 1238.3 and 2402.6 ± 1359.3 vs.1838.0 ± 983.4) and less than 2 servings of fruits per day (%) (86.9 and 94.9 vs. 78.5). These differences were more pronounced in males compared to females and remained after correcting for age. Also, the percentages of USBCA and AA participants who were obese (17.1% and 23.0%, respectively) were significantly (p< 0.05) higher compared to FBCA (7.6%) participants. More USBCA and AA than FBCA individuals smoked cigarettes (4.8% and 6.6% vs. 0.0%) and consumed alcoholic beverages (29.0% and 50.8% vs. 24.2%). The mean hs- CRP level of the AA participants (2.2 ± 2.7 mg/L) was significantly (p< 0.01) higher compared to the FBCA (1.1 1.3 mg/L) and USBCA (1.3 ± 1.6 mg/L) participants.
The FBCA participants had a better CHD risk profile than the USBCA and AA participants. Focus should be placed on the ethnic and cultural differences in a population to better understand the variations in health indicators among different ethnic groups of the same race. This focus can provide healthcare professionals and policy planners with the opportunity to develop culturally sensitive programs and strategies for the improvement of health outcomes.
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Castillo, Raquel. „Effects of offering tropical fruit beverages on fluid intake of older hispanic and non-hispanic residents in a long term care facility“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2076.
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The objective of this thesis was to determine how the availability of tropical fruit beverages, familiar to Hispanics, would affect fluid intake of Hispanic and non-Hispanic residents of a 120-bed nursing home. Beverage acceptance and intake were measured for three days with the following beverage offerings (including coffee): four fruit beverages usually served in the facility or two of the usual fruit beverages combined with two tropical fruit beverages. The presence of the tropical fruit beverages on the hydration cart significantly increased acceptance and intake in women but not men, regardless of ethnicity. Hispanic females chose and drank (ps < .01) more tropical fruit beverages than did their non-Hispanic counterparts. During the study residents consumed greater than six ounces of beverage 80% of the time and greater than ten ounces 57% of the time. Between-meal fluid intake in this population can be stimulated by offering generous servings (10-12 oz) of a variety of palatable beverages, including ethnic favorites.
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Craggs-Dino, Lillian. „The effect of food safety education on the knowledge attitude and behavior of foodservice workers of inner city public schools“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2655.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if food safety education influences food safety knowledge, attitude and behavior among inner city public school foodservice employees. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of an experimental group (n=22) was assessed before and after 3-hour food safety training and compared with a control group (n=10) that received no food safety training. We hypothesized that those who received food safety training would have improved knowledge, attitude and behavior towards food safety issues compared to those who did not receive training.
Results showed that food safety training significantly increased (p<0.001) the knowledge of foodservice employees compared to those who didn’t receive the training. However, the 3-hour training did not significantly influence attitude or practice of safe food-handling techniques. Education and consistent re-training, coupled with Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, food-handier sanitation certification and frequent supervision may help to increase food safety awareness among foodservice employees.
30
Cruz, Vanessa. „Sensitivity and specificity of a nutrition screening tool for patients admitted to general medical and surgical services“. FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2676.
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It is standard practice in acute-care settings to screen patients upon admission to determine whether they need a nutritional assessment; however, there is limited information on the ability of the screening tools to detect patients at nutritional risk. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tool used at Jackson Memorial Hospital and (2) whether a new proposed tool would be more sensitive and specific. Dietitians screened patients upon admission using the existing and proposed tools (n=141). Sensitivity and specificity of these tools in identifying patients at nutritional risk was calculated. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics were used to identify indicators correlated with nutritional risk. A revised tool was tested and found to have a higher sensitivity than the existing tool but lower specificity. Odds ratios indicated that the revised tool had a higher degree of association with nutritional risk than the existing one.
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Berdebes, Kathrine. „Dietary folate intake of firefighters in Metro-Dade county and their risk for cardiovascular disease“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2430.
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The purpose of this study was to show variations of folate intake, folate food sources, and diet by age, gender, and ethnicity in Metro-Dade Firefighters and to also determine the prevalence of obesity, physical inactivity and history heart disease. Low folate status may play a role in cardiovascular risk via its effect on homocysteine metabolism. Firefighters (n=127) recruited from randomly selected fire stations completed food-frequency and socio-demographic questionnaires.
Significantly (p<.05) more African-Americans failed to meet at least 75% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for folate than whites or Hispanics. There were significant differences in protein, vegetable, and meat intakes between age groups. Almost 78% of firefighters were overweight (BMI≥25). There were significant (p<.001) differences in BMI among ethnic groups. Older firefighters reported significantly (p<.05) more CVD risk factors than younger firefighters. Metro-Dade firefighters were found to be similar to the general US population in that most of the risk factors, overweight and obesity, high fat intakes, and low folate intake were modifiable and diet related.
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Burnstine, Kara Ann. „Racial/ethnic differences on the body image perceptions and weight concerns of fourth grade girls“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1894.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the racial and ethnic differences on body image perceptions and weight concerns of fourth grade girls. A purposive sample of 182 fourth grade girls were eligible to participate, 166 were included in the data analysis. The Children's Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT) and a Dieting and Demographic Questionnaire (DDQ) were used to determine eating attitudes of fourth grade girls. A pictoral instrument that was modified from the original was used to assess body image. Anthropometric data was assessed and body mass index (BMI) values were used to classify subjects into percentiles.
Results revealed that 56% of all fourth grade girls studied wanted to be thinner and 53% had tried to lose weight. Significantly more non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls reported wanting to be thinner than non-Hispanic black (NHB) and H girls (65.5% vs.32% and 47%, respectively, P=0.005) No significant racial/ethnic differences were revealed for the ChEAT scores. However, 19% of all subjects studied fell into the category indicative of anorexia nervosa. H girls who were less than the 85" %tile for BMI chose significantly smaller figures as their perceived body image (3.5±0.7) than both NHB and NHW girls (4.0±0.6 and 3.9±0.5, respectively, P<0.01).
These findings demonstrated that weight concerns were prevalent among girls ages 9- 11 years. NHW and H girls may have more concerns about their body size and shape than their NHB counterparts. Implementing intervention programs at an early age may prevent eating disorders in adolescence and adulthood.
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Bauer, Carolyn Marie. „Nutritional status of United States Coast Guard law enforcement detachment groups before and after a deployment“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1436.
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The purpose of this research was to study the nutritional status of United States Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment (USCG/ LEDET) personnel before and after prolonged travel at sea. To date there is no information available regarding the nutritional status of Coast Guard personnel. Forty-seven subjects were studied in total, each served as their own control. Demographic and health history data was collected at baseline. Dietary and exercise data was collected before and during the deployment. Body composition was determined before and after a deployment.
The results of this study revealed that the USCG/LEDET personnel had high cholesterol and decreased fiber intakes. Cholesterol intake during deployment (516.8±239.7 mg/day) was significantly higher (p= 0. 047) than pre-deployment (448.2 ± 144.3 mg/day).
Fiber intake was significantly lower than recommended (p
The results of this study indicate that LEDET personnel are put at higher nutritional risk while deployed and also have increased negative health behaviors associated with risk for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and other related diseases. This is crucial information for the USCG so that action can be taken to improve the physical well being of their personnel.
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Chester, Deirdra Nicole. „The relationship of spirituality and the health promoting behaviors of diet and exercise of African American women“. FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2159.
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Public health data show that African-Americans have not adopted health-promoting behaviors of diet and exercise. Spirituality, important in the lives of many African-American women, may be associated with health-promoting behaviors. This study was designed to determine how spirituality relates to health-promoting behaviors in African-American women. Burkhardt's theoretical framework for spirituality was adopted and measures were selected for the three elements of the framework: connectedness with self, others, and environment.
The study used a descriptive cross sectional correlational design to investigate the relationships of the independent variables of spirituality, sociodemographics, and BMI, to the dependent variables of diet and exercise, to answer the two primary questions: What is the role of spirituality in impacting the health-promoting behaviors of African- American women? Of the independent variables of spirituality, sociodemographics, and BMI, which are the best predictors of diet and exercise? C
entral and South Floridian African-American women (n=260) between 18 and 82 years of age completed several questionnaires: Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, Spiritual Perspective Scale, Brief Block Food Frequency, and socio-demographic information.
Hierarchical regression identified 40% of the variability of diet to be explained by socio-demographic (education) and spirituality variables (stress management and health responsibility) (p<.001). Twenty-nine percent of the variability of exercise was explained by socio-demographic (education) and spirituality variables (stress management) (p<.001). Canonical correlation analysis identified a significant pair of canonical variates which indicated individuals with good nutrition (.95), increased physical activity (.79), and healthy eating (.42) also had better stress management (.88), better health responsibility (.67), higher spiritual growth (.66), better interpersonal relations (.50), more education (.49), and higher self-esteem (.33). The set explained 57% of the variability (p<.001).
An understanding of the factors that influence these women's decision to utilize health-promoting strategies could provide health professionals with additional information to enable them to design culturally and spiritually related health messages for African-American women. The findings of this present study speak of the importance of focusing on stress management, health responsibility, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and self-esteem along with diet and exercise; this will likely provide improvement in the health-promoting behaviors of African-American women.
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Collins, Nancy. „Facing a paradigm shift in professional credentialing: preparedness of registered dietitians for professional development 2001“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2411.
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In the year 2001, the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) will begin a new process of recertifying Registered Dietitians (RD) using a self-directed lifelong learning portfolio model. The model, entitled Professional Development 2001 (PD 2001), is designed to increase competency through targeted learning. This portfolio consists of five steps: reflection, learning needs assessment, formulation of a learning plan, maintenance of a learning log, and evaluation of the learning plan. By targeting learning, PD 2001 is predicted to foster more up-to-date practitioners than the current method that requires only a quantity of continuing education hours. This is the first major change in the credentialing system since 1975. The success or failure of the new system will impact the future of approximately 60,000 practitioners. The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of RDs to change to the new system. Since the model is dependent on setting goals and developing learning plans, this study examined the methods dietitians use to determine their five-year goals and direction in practice. It also determined RD's attitudes towards PD 2001 and identified some of the factors that influenced their beliefs. A dual methodological design using focus groups and questionnaires was utilized. Sixteen focus groups were held during state dietetic association meetings. Demographic data was collected on the 132 registered dietitians who participated in the focus groups using a self-administered questionnaire. The audiotaped sessions were transcribed into 643 pages of text and analyzed using Non-numerical Unstructured Data- Indexing Searching and Theorizing (NUD*IST version 4). Thirty-four of the 132 participants (26%) had formal five-year goals. Fifty-four participants (41 %) performed annual self-assessments. In general, dietitians did not currently have professional goals nor conduct self-assessments and they claimed they did not have the skills or confidence to perform these tasks. Major barriers to successful implementation of PD 2001 are uncertainty, misinterpretation, and misinformation about the process and purpose, which in turn contribute to negative impressions. Renewed vigor to provide a positive, accurate message along with presenting goal-setting strategies will be necessary for better acceptance of this professional development process.
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Brain, Urrunaga Carmen Teresa. „Elder malnutrition: A meta analysis of studies using the nutrition screening initiative determine checklist“. FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1786.
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To demonstrate the extent of elder malnutrition risk in this country, a meta analysis of 30 studies that used the Nutrition Screening Initiative's "DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Checklist" was conducted. The studies were divided into three categories: Elder Populations in Healthcare Related Systems (HS), Elder Meal Program Participants (MP), and General Community Residing Elder Population (GC). HS was sub-divided into Hospital Inpatient/Clinic Outpatient and Long Term Care/Home Care. The MP population were identified as Congregate or Home Delivered meal participants. Overall, results indicate that 63% of elders are at moderate (32%) or high (31 %) risk of malnutrition. Home Delivered Meal Participants and Hospital Inpatient/Clinic Outpatients are most likely to be at high risk of malnutrition (49.5% and 49.1%, respectively). Individuals least likely to be at high malnutrition risk are the General Community Residing Elder Population (17.5%) and Congregate Meal Participants (22.5%).
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Andersen, Cristina Visona. „The impact of dieting status and restraint on post-exercise energy intake in overweight females“. FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1418.
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This study investigated the impact of an acute bout of physical activity on postexercise energy intake (PE-EI) in overweight females who were dieting with high restraint (D-HR) and non-dieting with either high restraint (ND-HR) or low restraint (ND-LR). PE-EI at lunch and 12-hours after was compared on the exercise (E) and a nonexercise (NE) day.
There was a significant interaction (F (2,33)= 4.12, p = 0.025) of dieting/restraint status and condition (E vs. NE day) on the 12-hour El. The D-HR ate 519 ± 596 kcal more on the E than on the NE day; while the ND-HR ate 177 ± 392 kcal less on the E than on the NE day.
The results of this study demonstrate that the impact of exercise on PE-EI is determined by both a physiological and psychological response. Dieting status, dietary restraint, level of disinhibition and cognitive factors may influence PE-EI and weight.
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Andrews, Yvette Nicola. „Development and assessment of a method to estimate meal intake of nursing home residents“. FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1289.
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The objective was to develop and validate a method for estimating food intake of nursing home residents. The study was conducted with certified nursing assistants (CNAs) at a 180-bed nursing facility. CNAs assisted in the development of the new method by providing feedback on existing estimation methods. Four simulated resident trays were used to estimate both food intake and overall meal intake. Twelve CNAs' intake estimates for 34 simulated food items (n=384 estimates) were compared to weighed values. Eightyfive percent of the 384 intake estimates for the simulated food items were correct; Cohen's kappa was 0.80, p
39
Beltranena, Elissa A. „The palatability of monosodium glutamate-enhanced vegetables as rated by Cuban-American older adults at a congregate meal site“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1492.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of using monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a means to increase palatability and prospective consumption of vegetables at a congregate meal site with Cuban-American clients. Thirty to 32 subjects participated in hedonic testing each day. MSG-enhanced (2 g MSG/500 g vegetable) and non-enhanced beets, string beans, carrots and peas were evaluated for palatability, preference and prospective consumption. Results showed that MSG significantly increased both palatability and prospective consumption of string beans (ps < .05) but not of the other 3 vegetables tested. These findings provide some evidence that MSG can be used to increase the palatability of vegetables served at congregate meal sites. However, these results suggest that older adults may not find the palatability of some vegetables to be improved by MSG and that optimal flavor enhancement cannot be achieved by adding the same amount of MSG to every vegetable.
40
Biery, Samantha Evelyn Elaine. „Attitudes and behaviors of pre-adolescents with diabetes toward fat -modified foods“. FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1676.
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Fat modified foods are widely available and have the potential to help individuals with diabetes, including children, achieve a lower total fat and saturated fat intake. Sixty-three pre-adolescents (10-13 years) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or Type I), and 60 without diabetes (boys, n=54; girls, n=69) were tested to determine their beliefs and attitudes towards high-fat and reduced-fat foods. In addition, both children and parents were asked about the child's use of low fat foods i.e., how often the parent bought or encouraged their child to eat reduced-fat food; how strongly the doctor or dietitian promoted the use of reduced-fat foods, and the child's concern about dietary fat. In this study, preadolescents with diabetes were not more likely than those without diabetes to use fat-modified foods. Parental and health care practitioner encouragement is associated with greater use of these products by children.
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Duncan, Alyssa Renee. „"Nutrition facts" label use in the selection of healthier foods by undergraduate students“. FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3239.
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Use of "Nutrition Facts" panel on food labels was studied in the selection of healthier substitutes for foods normally consumed by 276 undergraduates, mean age, 19.7+2.5 years. Among 1095 label pairs (3.97 per student), 80.6% included a "healthier" substitute. Most common food categories were cookies/bars/tarts (12.8%), cereal (11.8%), chips/crackers (11.1%), beverages (10.2%) and breads/muffins (9.1%). Up to three errors were recorded per label pair, with 384 total errors made, including failure to adjust for serving size (34%), use of pre-NLEA labels (30%), comparison of unlike foods (16%) and unclear comparisons or missing labels (19%). Among 3295 nutrient comparisons, total fat (23.6%), calories (18.4%) and sodium (11.7%) were cited most often. Substitutes were a little (1-10% difference) to a lot healthier (>51% difference) for 83% of nutrients. Sixty percent would purchase healthier foods again or look for other substitutes and 47% stated they preferred the substitute's taste or thought it equivalent.
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Al-Haifi, Ahmad R. „Factors affecting BMI and hemoglobin levels of mothers and infants in Kuwait“. FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1339.
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If you are the rightful copyright holder of this dissertation or thesis and wish to have it removed from the Open Access Collection, please submit a request to dcc@fiu.edu and include clear identification of the work, preferably with URL.
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Andreu, Laura Marie. „Low-fat food consumption by people with diabetes decreases fat saturated fat, and cholesterol intake“. FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1288.
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This study investigated the effect of providing free-access to several fat-modified foods on dietary energy and fat intake in free-living individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Five low/no-fat products or their regular-fat versions were provided to volunteers to take home and use for 3 days. Energy and nutrient intakes of all foods consumed were determined through a weighed food diary and by weighing the food provided before and after consumption. Fifteen individuals with diabetes and 15 case-matched controls without diabetes participated in the study. Individuals with diabetes and controls responded similarly to the fat-modified foods. In both groups there was a significant reduction in the percent of kcals and grams of fat consumed during the low-fat condition compared to the regular-fat condition (p
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Asencio, Frances Dianne. „Diet as a measure of acculturation in diabetic and non diabetic Cuban Americans“. FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1319.
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The purpose of this study was to establish baseline information on the way in which acculturation affects Cuban Americans' dietary habits. In addition, the study explored differences in post-migration food preference between diabetic and non-diabetic Cuban Americans. The study was a cross-sectional survey utilizing a convenient sample of Cuban Americans living in Miami-Dade County. One hundred seventy-eight first generation Cuban Americans completed the Multidimensional Acculturation Survey for Cuban Americans (MAS-CA) which included a Dietary Bidimensional Acculturation Scale (D-BAS). Food acculturation scores for Cuban and American food choices were calculated from the D-BAS. Overall, the mean Cuban food score (CFS) (31.8 ± 9.4) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the mean American food score (AFS) (15.7 ± 8.6). The Cuban Americans who participated this study preferred Cuban foods to American foods. Moreover, the higher the level of acculturation, the smaller the difference between the CFS and the AFS. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) negative relationship between the CFS and the acculturation score. Lower acculturation language scores were associated with higher CFS. Regardless of the presence of diabetes, Cuban Americans preferred Cuban foods. Having type 2 diabetes negatively influenced the subjects' alcohol consumption. It was demonstrated that the instrument developed for this study (D-BAS) was able to measure the subject's dietary acculturation. This instrument can be used as a measure of acculturation, either singularly or in a combination with other measures. In designing nutrition intervention programs, it may be necessary to determine food acculturation levels in order to have more effective programs.
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Erb, Allison Faye. „Psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders in Hispanic females of diverse ethnic background and Non-Hispanic females“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3147.
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The primary objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders in Hispanic (70%) and Non Hispanic (30%) female university students (n= 618). Risk factors were assessed with the Psychosocial Risk Factor Questionnaire (PRFQ) and its four sub-scales. There was a significant difference in the score for Concern (F = 243, p .046) and Media Pressure (F = 367, p < .006) by ethnic group. African Americans had a significantly lower mean score (3.27 ± 028) for media pressure than all other ethnic groups. There was a significant difference in total PRFQ score (F = 2.52, p < .02l) and the score for perception (F = 2.18, p< .044) among the Hispanic ethnic groups. These results indicate that there are differences among major ethnic groups as well as among Hispanic ethnic groups in terms of the psychosocial factors associated with the risk of eating disorders.
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Duggan, Annmarie. „Serum transthyretin in hemodialysis patients : relationship to nutritional status“. FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3094.
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The validity of serum transthyretin as a nutrition assessment parameter in hemodialysis patients was investigated. Fifty-one subjects (39% male and 61 % female; 53% black, 28% white, 12% Hispanic, 7% Other) receiving hemodialysis for 30 24 months (mean SD) and a total of 36 26 months of renal replacement therapy were followed for six months. Serum transthyretin, albumin, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), KT/V, weight and 24 hour urine analysis were determined monthly. Etiologies of end stage renal disease were diabetic nephropathy (37%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (37%). glomerulonephritis (12%), polycystic kidney disease (4%), lupus nephritis (4%), other causes (6%). A significant correlation was found between transthyretin and creatinine, albumin and loss of dry weight (p<0.05). Transthyretin levels <30 mg/dl were found to correlate with urine outputs > 240 cc/24 hours, predialysis BUN < 50 mg/dl and nPCR
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Duro, Debora. „The effect of a history of colic on carbohydrate absorption in infants consuming different fruit juices“. FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3109.
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The purpose of the research was to determine if a history of colic plays a role in carbohydrate absorption in infants consuming either apple or white grape juice. In this double-blind study, 31 infants (5.0 ± 0.4 months, 7.5 ± 0.9 Kg, 64.1 ± 3.8 cm, 29.2 ±3.4 % fat and 5.1 ± 0.6 Kg fat-free mass) were divided into four groups and were fed 120 ml of either white grape (sorbitol free;1:1 fructose to glucose ratio) or apple (sorbitol 0.5 g/dl; 2.3:1 fructose to glucose ratio) juice. Sixteen of the infants had a history of colic. During the study continuous physical activity (PA) and metabolic rate (MR) were measured for 0.5 hours before and 3.0 hours after juice load using an infant respiratory chamber. Carbohydrate absorption was determined every 30 minutes after juice feeding by breath hydrogen (BH2) gas analysis. Statistical differences between groups were determined by one way ANOVA and by independent t-test.
Infants with history of colic and fed apple juice showed increased PA (p
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Escobar, Su-Nui. „Perceived energy expenditure for physical activity in male and female adults“. FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3151.
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The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into the relationship between perceived energy expenditure (EE) for physical activity (PA) and age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), education, and leisure time PA (LTPA) levels. A 19-item interviewer administered questionnaire was completed by 798 individuals to assess accuracy of perception of EE (in calories) for various types of PA (sedentary, moderate and vigorous). Participants, age 21 to 64 years, were recruited from ten sites of the Department of Motor Vehicles in Miami, Florida. Only 30% were able to accurately assess EE for PA. Higher education and age were associated with greater accuracy. The range for estimated EE for PA was from 0-60,000 calories. These results are of interest as they suggest efforts should be made to educate the public regarding EE for PA in reference to energy balance and weight management.
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De, Bruyn Celeste Marinda. „Dietary adequacy, variety and diversity and associated factors (anthropometry and socio-economic status) in pregnant women attending the Bishop Lavis MOU in Cape Town“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16476.
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Includes bibliographical referencesAim: The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of the dietary intake of pregnant women attending Bishop Lavis MOU, in the Tygerberg area of Cape Town. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two women between 12 and 20 weeks' gestational age participating in the Main PASS study were recruited. They completed three interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall assessments on three different days, each approximately two weeks apart. Dietary reference values for adequate nutritional intake during pregnancy and the South African food based dietary guidelines and NARs and MAR were used to assess the nutritional adequacy. Anthropometric and socio-demographic information was also collected. Results: The results indicate that just over a quarter of the sample were classified as teenage pregnancies. The majority had between grades eight and ten, and had a monthly household income between R500 and R5000. With a mean energy intake of 10 168.4kJ, majority (79.5%) of the study sample did not meet the energy DRI. Close to half (42.8 %) of the study sample did not meet the DRI for protein intake. All participants met the carbohydrate EAR, and many exceeded the recommended fat intake. The intake of sugar and saturated fats exceeded recommendations with sugar contributing to almost half of the total energy from carbohydrates. The intakes of vitamin A, D and E, pantothenate, biotin, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and manganese fell below the recommendations. Sugar was the most commonly consumed food item, followed by potato, chicken, milk, and white bread. Apples were the most commonly consumed fruit. When compared to the FBDG, the study sample consumed double the recommended portions of starch, half the recommended daily fruit and vegetables, and half the recommended legumes. Conclusion: The high intake of refined carbohydrates, especially sugar, and the high intake of foods high in saturated fats needs to be addressed. Micronutrient intake is generally poor, especially with nutrients that are vital to proper growth and development of the foetus. Education on appropriate dietary changes, as well as suggestions to make implementation of such changes affordable would be invaluable, and may contribute towards decreasing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Einarsson, Tove, und Terese Nystrand. „Effekter på människors kostvanor vid studier eller arbete hemifrån till följd av Covid-19-pandemin : En kvantitativ enkätstudie“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kost- och måltidsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183816.
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