Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „2016 b-720“

Abstract Background To assess the associations between family characteristics and influenza vaccination coverage among children. Methods Data were used from the National Health Interview Survey 2011–2016. Results The number of children ranged from 10 720 to 12 991 per year from 2011 to 2016. After adjustment for the high-risk status of influenza complications, sex, age, region, race and office visits of children, children of adults who received influenza vaccination were 3.83–4.79 times (the lowest and the highest odds ratios from 2011 to 2016) more likely to be immunized for influenza. Health insurance (1.36–1.61) was also associated with vaccination in children. However, the education level of family adults (0.59–0.79) and marital status of being widowed/divorced/separated (0.74–0.79) were negatively associated with vaccination uptake in children. The following characteristics were not major concerns with influenza vaccination in children: class of worker, years on the job, physical activity, drinking, smoking, hepatitis B immunization, number of family members aged ≥65 years and the ratio of family income to the poverty threshold. Overall, results from the pooled analysis (2011–2016) were consistent with the above-mentioned findings. Conclusions Promoting parental influenza immunization and access to health insurance may be the most effective tools to promote the coverage of influenza vaccine among children.

Abstract Background As indications for testing for influenza broaden, influenza is increasingly being diagnosed in association with hospitalization in adults. We report data on the burden of illness associated with laboratory confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization (LCI-H) in Toronto, Canada from 2010–2011 to 2015–2016. Methods TIBDN has performed population-based surveillance for LCI-H in adults (≥15years) in Toronto and Peel Region, Canada since 2005. All positive tests for influenza are reported, patients are approached for consent and data collected by chart review and patient/physician interview. Death within 30 days of hospitalization was considered associated with influenza. Population data were obtained from Statistics Canada, with data by underlying condition obtained from literature review and provincial health administrative data. Results Over 6 seasons, 5,591 LCI-H episodes were identified: 1,094 (20%) H1N1, 2,847 (51%) H3N2, 415 (7%) A(not typed), 1A(H3N2 and H1N1) and 1,235 (22%) B. The median age of patients was 71.4 years, with 69.3% of patients over 65 years of age; 3,015 (53.4%) were female, 2,618 (46.8%) had been vaccinated against influenza, and 683 (12.2%) were admitted from nursing homes. Incidence by age, influenza subtype and season is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The average annual incidence in healthy adults was 5 per 100,000, compared with 0.8 per 1,000 in adults with COPD or diabetes, 1.7 per 1,000 in adults with cardiac disease, and >2 per 1,000 in those with underlying kidney disease or immunosuppression. Overall, 12.8% of patients had a significant non-respiratory complication (eg. myocarditis, stroke, C. difficile infection). 720 (12.9%) required ICU admission, and 414 (7.4%) required mechanical ventilation. The median hospital length of stay was 9.58 days (IQR 3-11). None of 226 cases aged <30 years died; the case fatality rate increased from 1.8% in those aged 30–39 to 14.5% in those aged 90+ (Figure 3). Conclusion Despite vaccination programs, influenza is a very common cause of hospitalization and death in our adult population. While surveillance for LCI-H underestimates the overall burden of influenza, it may nonetheless help to appropriately prioritize preventive programs. Disclosures J. Powis, Merck: Grant Investigator, Research grant. GSK: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Roche: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Synthetic Biologicals: Investigator, Research grant. A. Mcgeer, Hoffman La Roche: Investigator, Research grant. GSK: Investigator, Research grant. sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research grant.

This article examines impoliteness in political TV debates in Lithuania. Study adopts qualitative and quantitative content analysis method to analyze 720 minutes of political debates broadcasted before the 2016 Lithuanian Parliamentary elections. Current paper presents theoretical approach to impoliteness, which is later used in empirical analysis to address 2 main objectives: a) to study impoliteness in terms of directness/indirectness and b) to reveal how face threatening acts (FTAs) are expressed. The results of the study have revealed that impoliteness during political TV debates is almost equally expressed directly and indirectly. Direct impoliteness during political debates can be expressed using all functional types of the sentences. Indirect impoliteness in debates can be modified internally and externally using various language resources: inclusive we form, official addressing words, irony, parantheses. This suggests that impoliteness in the context of political TV debates is a unique phenomenon specified by various creative ways of using the language in order to publicly belittle political opponents.

1. Batanov O. V. Tendentsii rozvytku munitsypalnykh prav liudyny v umovakh hlobalizatsii. Chasopys Kyivskoho universytetu prava. 2016. № 4. S. 47–52. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Chkup_2016_4_12 2. Zahalna deklaratsiia prav liudyny: pryiniata ta proholoshena v rezoliutsii 217 A(III) Heneralnoi Asamblei vid 10.12.1948 r. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_015?Lang =ru#Text 3. Kuchynska O. P., Ivanov M. S. Zahalnoteoretychne ta prakseolohichne rozuminnia prav liudyny. Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva, 2017. № 1. S. 142–148. 4. Mahnovskyi I. Y. Zahalnoteoretychni aspekty kontseptu pryrodnykh prav liudyny v konteksti pryrodnoho prava. Prava liudyny v period zbroinykh konfliktiv: Zb. materialiv Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii prysviach. 25-richchiu Natsionalnoho universytetu «Odeska yurydychna akademiia» (m. Odesa, 18 lystopada 2022 r.) / Nats. un-t «Odeska yurydychna akademiia»; kaf. mizhnarodnoho ta yevropeiskoho prava NU «OIuA»: u 2 t. Odesa, 2022. S. 37–41. 5. Rabinovych P. M. Prava liudyny i hromadianyna: navch. posib. Kyiv: Atika, 2004. 464 s. 6. Rabinovych P. Osnovopolozhni prava liudyny: termino-poniattievyi instrumentarii doslidzhennia ta vykladannia). Pravo Ukrainy. 2015. № 1. S. 9–23. 7. Sotsialno-pravovyi zakhyst ditei v Ukraini: monohrafiia / za red. B. I. Andrusyshyna. Kyiv: Vyd-vo NPU imeni M. P. Drahomanova, 2017. 264 s. 8. Khrystokin H. V. Ideia prav liudyny: poshuk novykh pidkhodiv obgruntuvannia v dobu hlobalnykh transformatsii. Filosofski ta metodolohichni problemy prava. 2021. № 1. S. 92–98. 9. Chetverte pokolinnia prav liudyny: osoblyvosti pravovoho rehuliuvannia, problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku v sferi okhorony zdorovia: monohrafiia / za zah. red.: d.iu.n., prof. S. B. Buletsy; d.iu.n., dots. M. V. Mendzhul. Uzhhorod: Vyd-vo UzhNU «Hoverla», 2020. 444 s. 10. Yurydychna entsyklopediia: v 6 t. / Yu. S. Shemshuchenko (holova redkol.) ta in. Kyiv: Ukr. entsykl. T. 4: N‒P. 2002. 720 s

Purpose of StudyMore than 100,000 pelvic surgeries to remove ovarian masses (BOM) are performed yearly in the USA only 8% of those remove ovarian cancer. Circulating microRNA are biomarkers for disease detection. Purpose of study:1. To analyze patterns of microRNAs in women with BOM vs. OvCa2. Discover pathway involved malignant transformation.Methods UsedPlasma from 32 women OvCa, 24 controls 32 (BOM) was analyzed using ABI Taqman OpenArray MicroRNA pools A and B to measure the expression of 754 known miRNAs .Real-time PCR was performed on the Taqman Open Array MicroRNA arrays using the Applied Biosystem Open Array Real-Time PCR system. Data were processed using the OpenArray Real-Time qPCR Analysis software and exported for analysis using the Applied Biosystems DataAssist Software Data analysis was done with the R programming language. A cutoff for Ct values at 30 was used. MiRNAs with Ct values higher than 30 were considered not detected. Data was normalized using a mean-centering restricted (MCR), a modification of the traditional delta Ct method and uses miRNAs which are expressed in all samples for data normalization. Statistical analysis was performed via custom scripts based on the R/Bioconductor package LIMMA (Linear Models for Microarray).Summary of ResultsBOM had higher expression (2–14 fold higher) of miRs −195, −126, −139-5p, −27b, −127, −152, −28, −106b, −17, −363, −181a, −192 relative to OvCa (p<0.0006). OvCa over-expressed of miRs −1274a, −720 and −625-3p (p<0.0007). Reactome pathway analysis detected involvement of miRs into pathways of activation of BAD, PI3/AKT signaling in CD28 and activation of BH3 in BOM these pathways were not detected in OvCa (p<0.000596).ConclusionsBOM patients have immune recognition and pro-apoptotic protective circulating microRNAs. It is unknown whether miRs originate in ovary or another tissue. Recent work shows that BH3 mimetics are very effective in inducing cancer cell death.

Green manuring can increase biological activity of the soil, enrich it with organic matter, nutrients and improve its agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of green manure crops species composition on the productivity of agrophytocenoses and the input of soil organic matter under various hydrothermal conditions. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. Soil – chernozems southern low-humus. Average daily air temperature was: in 2016 – 11.8 °С; in 2017 – 12.7 °С; in 2018 – 12.5 °С; in 2019 – 12.6 °С (average long-term values – 10.8 °С). The amount of precipitation over the years was at the level of 162, 67, 129, 108 % of the norm. The experiments were laid according to B. A. Dospekhov “Methods of field research”. Position of the variants is systematic, triple replication. Fields square – 720 m2. The research subject is green manure crops agrocenoses. The object of the research is the process of forming the productivity of green manure crops. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of green mass was formed by sweet clover and sainfoin (29.1 and 27.1 t/ha, respectively), winter triticale (24.5 t/ha) and winter rye (25.8 t/ha). T. pratense and P. tanacetifolia were low-yielding. The largest amount of accumulated soil organic matter was detected when rye, triticale, sainfoin and sweet clover were used as green manure; it was 5.88, 5.72, 5.56 and 5.52 t/ha, respectively. We established an average correlation (at 5 % significance level) between the amount of precipitation for the period “sowing – ripeness” in 2016–2017 and the yield of green mass of green manure crops (r = 0.52), as well as dry matter yield (r = 0.59). A negative correlation of average strength was also established between the average daily temperature of the period “sowing – ripeness” in 2017–2018 and yield of green mass (r = –0.66), as well as organic matter yield (r = –0.64).

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Financial performance is an achievement achieved by a company that can be seen through financial statements. Financial statements can be used as a control, a source of financial information and a representation of the company's performance. The results of financial statement analysis with various sizes of financial ratios can be used as material for evaluating company performance This study aims to determine the effect of family ownership, institutional ownership, and funding decisions on financial performance as measured by the Piotroski F-Score method. The number of samples in this study were 360 companies from the manufacturing sector with sub-sector basic and chemical industry, various industrial sectors and consumer goods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2017 - 2019. The results of this study indicate that the data can be pooled for 3 years, all classical assumption tests are met and the results of the regression test show that family ownership > 0.05, institutional ownership and funding decisions < 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is not enough evidence of family ownership to have a positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, there is sufficient evidence that institutional ownership and funding decisions have a negative effect on financial performance. Keywords: family ownership, institutional ownership, funding decisions, financial performance and Piotroski F-Score. References: Agatha, B. R., Nurlaela, S., & Samrotun, Y. C. (2020). Kepemilikan Manajerial, Institusional, Dewan Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Food and Beverage. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, Vol. 30 No. 7, 1811. Aprianingsih, A., & Yushita, A. N. (2016). 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Background:Complement is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its component C1q plays a dualistic role, triggering the inflammatory cascade on one hand and directing the clearance of immune complexes on the other. Homozygous genetic deficiency of C1q is strongly associated with SLE and SLE-like phenotype as almost 90% of C1q deficient individuals develop SLE or similar disease. Nevertheless, there are few and inconsistent studies exploring the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the C1q gene cluster in relation to the pathogenesis of SLE and RA.Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible association of five SNPs – rs292001, rs172378, rs294179, rs665691 and rs682658 in complement C1q gene cluster with susceptibility to SLE and RA in Bulgarian cohort.Methods:Fifty patients with SLE, sixty-one patients with RA and sixty-seven healthy controls were genotyped for the five SNPs by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.Results:Frequency of genotypes and alleles of rs294179, rs665691 and rs682658 SNPs was similar between patients with SLE, RA and healthy controls. For rs172378 SNP, the minor G allele (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.59-4.67, p=0.0003) and GG genotype (OR = 5.12; 95% CI, 1.60-16.49, p=0.006) were associated with susceptibility to RA. In our cohort in accordance with others, AA rs292001 SNP genotype was associated with increased risk for RA (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.19-9.20, p=0.021). For SLE patients, AA rs292001 SNP genotype was low presented and did not associate with disease.Conclusion:GG genotype of rs172378 SNP in C1q gene cluster could be considered as a new risk factor for RA.References:[1]Diane Scott et al (2016). The paradoxical roles of C1q and C3 in autoimmunity. Immunobiology, 719-25. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2015.05.001.[2]Giles JL et al (2015). Functional analysis of a complement polymorphism (rs17611) associated with rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol., 3029-34. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1402956.[3]Holers, V. M. (2018). Complement in the Initiation and Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in immunology, 1057. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01057.[4]Lintner, K. E. (2016). Early Components of the Complement Classical Activation Pathway in Human Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in immunology, 36. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00036.[5]Lu, J. &. (2017). C1 Complex: An Adaptable Proteolytic Module for Complement and Non-Complement Functions. Frontiers in immunology, 592. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00592.[6]Manderson, A. P. (2004). The role of complement in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Annual review of immunology, 431-456. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104549.[7]Martens, H. A. (2009). Analysis of C1q polymorphisms suggests association with systemic lupus erythematosus, serum C1q and CH50 levels and disease severity. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 715–720. doi:10.1136/ard.2007.085688.[8]Namjou B, G.-M. C. (2009). Evaluation of C1q genomic region in minority racial groups of lupus. Genes Immun., 517-24. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.33.[9]Radanova M et al(2015). Association of rs172378 C1q gene cluster polymorphism with lupus nephritis in Bulgarian patients. Lupus, 280-9. doi:10.1177/0961203314555173.[10]Rafiq S et al (2010). Assessing association of common variation in the C1Q gene cluster with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol., 284-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04185.x.[11]Schejbel L et al (2011). Molecular basis of hereditary C1q deficiency-revisited: identification of several novel disease-causing mutations. Genes Immun., 626-634.[12]Trouw LA et al (2013). Genetic variants in the region of the C1q genes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol., 76-83. doi:10.1111/cei.12097.[13]Trouw L. A. (2017). The complement system as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatic disease. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 538–547. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.125.[14]Walport M. J. (2002). Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis research, S279–S293. doi:10.1186/ar586.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Research suggests that child independence is more popular in countries with greater wealth and a higher percentage of the educated population. Various research implications expect children's independence and compliance to increase over time in developing countries. This study aims to describe the independence of early childhood who comes from low-income families or at low socioeconomic environment. Using quantitative descriptive, data collection techniques are carried out through a questionnaire. The study population was 30 respondents from the ECE institution who were included in the list of low-income families in 2018, using an area sampling technique. Overall, the teacher stated that all indicators of dependence on children from low-income families had reached the high category, which was 75%. The implication of further research is that aspects of independence in physical abilities, self-confidence, responsibility, discipline, sociability, sharing, and independence in terms of emotional control in early childhood can develop better in a low socio-economic environment. Keywords: Early Childhood, Independence skills, low-socioeconomic environment References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Berita resmi statistik. Bps.Go.Id. Amini, M. (2018). Parental Involvement in Improving Independence in Early Childhood. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 169(Icece 2017), 190–192. https://doi.org/10.2991/icece-17.2018.48 Blair, C., & Diamond, A. (2008). Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Development and Psychopathology, 20(3), 899–911. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000436 Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2015). 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J., Boyce, W. T., Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary- neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology, 23(1), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000611 Evans, G. W., & Kim, P. (2013). Childhood Poverty, Chronic Stress, Self-Regulation, and Coping. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12013 Fay-Stammbach, T., Hawes, D. J., & Meredith, P. (2014). Parenting Influences on Executive Function in Early Childhood: A Review. Child Development Perspectives, 8(4), 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12095 Havighurst, S. S., Wilson, K. R., Harley, A. E., Prior, M. R., & Kehoe, C. (2010). Tuning in to Kids: Improving emotion socialization practices in parents of preschool children-findings from a community trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02303.x Jimenez-Gomez, C., Haggerty, K., & Topçuoǧlu, B. (2020). Wearable activity schedules to promote independence in young children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9999(9999), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.756 Julian, M. M., Leung, C. Y. Y., Rosenblum, K. L., LeBourgeois, M. K., Lumeng, J. C., Kaciroti, N., & Miller, A. L. (2019). Parenting and Toddler Self-Regulation in Low-Income Families: What Does Sleep Have to do with it? Infant Ment Health J., 40(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/imhj.21783 Kaya, İ., & Deniz, M. E. (2020). The effects of life skills education program on problem behaviors and social skills of 4-year-old preschoolers. Elementary Education Online, 19(2), 612–623. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.692983 Lengua, L. J., Moran, L., Zalewski, M., Ruberry, E., Kiff, C., & Thompson, S. (2015). Relations of Growth in Effortful Control to Family Income, Cumulative Risk, and Adjustment in Preschool-age Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,43(4), 705–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9941-2 Meylia, K. N., Siswati, T., Paramashanti, B. A., & Hati, F. S. (2020). Fine motor, gross motor, and social independence skills among stunted and non-stunted children. Early Child Development and Care, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1739028 Nahar, B., Hossain, M., Mahfuz, M., Islam, M. M., Hossain, M. I., Murray-Kolb, L. E., Seidman, J. C., & Ahmed, T. (2020). Early childhood development and stunting: Findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12864 Park, H., & Lau, A. S. (2016). Socioeconomic Status and Parenting Priorities: Child Independence and Obedience Around the World. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12247 Rhoades, B. L., Greenberg, M. T., Lanza, S. T., & Blair, C. (2011). Demographic and familial predictors of early executive function development: Contribution of a person-centered perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 638–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.004 Schmitt, S. A., Mcclelland, M. M., Tominey, S. L., & Acock, A. C. (2014). a self-regulation intervention. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.08.001

Hayes and Williams’ Family Law, now in its sixth edition, provides critical and case-focused discussion of the key legislation and debates affecting adults and children. The volume takes a critical approach to the subject and includes ‘talking points’ and focused ‘discussion questions’ throughout each chapter which highlight areas of debate or controversy. The introductory chapter within this edition provides a discussion of the law’s understanding of ‘family’ and the extent to which this has changed over time, a detailed overview of the meaning of private and family life within Article 8 of the ECHR, and a discussion of the Family Justice Review and subsequent developments. Part 1 of this edition, supplemented by the ‘Latest Developments’ section, outlines the most up-to-date statistics on the incidence of marriage, civil partnerships and divorce, discusses recent case law on the validity of marriage such as Hayatleh v Mofdy [2017] EWCA Civ 70 and K v K (Nullity: Bigamous Marriage) [2016] EWHC 3380 (Fam), and highlights the recent Supreme Court decision (In the Matter of an Application by Denise Brewster for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland) [2017] 1 WLR 519) on the pension rights of unmarried cohabitants. It also considers the litigation concerning the prohibition of opposite-sex civil partnership registration from the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Steinfeld and Keidan v Secretary of State for Education [2017] EWCA Civ 81 to the important decision of the Supreme Court in R (on the application of Steinfeld and Keidan) (Application) v Secretary of State for International Development (in substitution for the Home Secretary and the Education Secretary) [2018] UKSC 32. This edition also provides an in-depth discussion of the recent Supreme Court decision in Owens v Owens [2018] UKSC 41 regarding the grounds for divorce and includes discussion of Thakkar v Thakkar [2016] EWHC 2488 (Fam) on the divorce procedure. Further, this edition also considers the flurry of cases in the area of financial provision on divorce such as Waggott v Waggott [2018] EWCA Civ 722; TAB v FC (Short Marriage: Needs: Stockpiling) [2016] EWHC 3285; FF v KF [2017] EWHC 1903 (Fam); BD v FD (Financial Remedies: Needs) [2016] EWHC 594 (Fam); Juffali v Juffali [2016] EWHC 1684 (Fam); AAZ v BBZ [2016] EWHC 3234 (Fam); Scatliffe v Scatliffe [2016] UKPC 36; WM v HM [2017] EWFC 25; Hart v Hart [2017] EWCA Civ 1306; Sharp v Sharp [2017] EWCA Civ 408; Work v Gray [2017] EWCA Civ 270, and Birch v Birch [2017] UKSC 53. It also considers the recent decision of the Supreme Court in Mills v Mills [2018] UKSC 38 concerning post-divorce maintenance obligations between former partners, and the Privy Council decision in Marr v Collie [2017] UKPC 17 relating to the joint name purchase by a cohabiting couple of investment property.Part 2 focuses on child law, examining the law on parenthood and parental responsibility, including the parental child support obligation. This edition includes discussion of new case law on provision of child maintenance by way of global financial orders (AB v CD (Jurisdiction: Global Maintenance Orders)[2017] EWHC 3164), new case law and legislative/policy developments on section 54 of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (parental orders transferring legal parenthood in surrogacy arrangements), and new cases on removing and restricting parental responsibility (Re A and B (Children: Restrictions on Parental Responsibility: Radicalisation and Extremism) [2016] EWFC 40 and Re B and C (Change of Names: Parental Responsibility: Evidence) [2017] EWHC 3250 (Fam)). Orders regulating the exercise of parental responsibility are also examined, and this edition updates the discussion with an account of the new Practice Direction 12J (on contact and domestic abuse), and controversial case law addressing the tension between the paramountcy of the child’s welfare and the protected interests of a parent in the context of a transgender father’s application for contact with his children (Re M (Children) [2017] EWCA Civ 2164). Part 2 also examines the issue of international child abduction, including in this edition the Supreme Court’s latest decision, on the issue of repudiatory retention (Re C (Children) [2018] UKSC 8). In the public law, this edition discusses the Supreme Court’s clarification of the nature and scope of local authority accommodation under section 20 of the Children Act 1989 (Williams v London Borough of Hackney [2018] UKSC 37). In the law of adoption, several new cases involving children who have been relinquished by parents for adoption are examined (Re JL & AO (Babies Relinquished for Adoption),[2016] EWHC 440 (Fam) and see also Re M and N (Twins: Relinquished Babies: Parentage) [2017] EWFC 31, Re TJ (Relinquished Baby: Sibling Contact) [2017] EWFC 6, and Re RA (Baby Relinquished for Adoption: Final Hearing)) [2016] EWFC 47).

Consciously ‘othered’ cultural practices have long allowed musicians and poets to express different national identities to varying extents, without having to relinquish a geographically rooted sense of home. My aim is to examine such transnational links, symbols, and ties through a consideration of the songs ‘Wie bist du, meine Königin’ by Johannes Brahms (1833–97) and ‘Fish’ by Sally Beamish (b. 1956). Both are settings of translations of poetry by the Persian poet Hafiz, made respectively by Georg Friedrich Daumer (1800–72) and Jila Peacock (b. 1948). I offer insights into changing attitudes to Hafiz over time (the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries) and place (Germany, Persia/Iran, and Great Britain). I employ text- and score-based analysis, supplemented by interviews with Peacock and Beamish carried out in early 2019, which probed approaches to translation, text setting, and music, as well as issues of biography and national identity. I conclude that selective transnationalism, as I describe it, is a means of expanding one’s artistic range, while not entirely alienating the familiar self.

This study evaluates the epidemiological profile of patients with Hepatitis B in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), notified between 2010 and 2020. Secondary data were collected through the Notifiable Diseases Information System of the Ministry of Health (SINAN) and analyzed through a descriptive cross-sectional study. The determinants used to study the prevalence of the disease were gender, age group, race, and area of residence. A total of 1,384 cases were reported, with a predominance of cases in males (71.96%; n=996), aged 20 to 39 years (52.67%; n=729), self-declared white race (45.66%; n=632), with the city of São Paulo being the region with the highest prevalence of the disease (74.20%; n=1,027). The evaluation of the variables schooling and mechanism of infection were impaired due to incomplete completion or non-completion of the field in the notification forms. The present study aims to identify high-risk groups, outlining etiological hypotheses for prevention purposes and future investigations.

Abstract This work introduces a hybrid spray-and-fuse process and a modified CoCrMoC (Stellite) alloy that significantly expand the manufacturing window for wear-resistant coatings. The Co-based alloy was produced by adding Ni, B, and Si to Stellite 720 to lower its melting points and expand its melting range thereby improving the sprayability and fusibility of the material. The modified alloy was deposited on Inconel 718 balls and 1 in. diameter coupons by HVOF spraying and coating samples were sinter fused at high temperatures followed by furnace cooling. The processes used are described and test results are presented, showing that thick, metallurgically bonded coatings were achieved with high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance.

Many experiments have proved that vision and hearing effect each other in many ways, and this phenomenon is of great significance to design (Zhang，2019)(Anderson，2014). Among the design of car cockpit, color is one of the most important elements of cockpit visual design, and different color directly affect people's experience in the cockpit (Satake,2011). We selected eight colors in study which are red, yellow, orange, blue, green, cyan, white and gray, and each color was set to two brightness levels and three music modes: non music, light music and bass-heavy music. Meanwhile, we used a head-mounted virtual reality display (HMD) to simulate the in-car environment, and assessed 55 participants on their level of color preference. In study we found that music changed people's preference for the color of the car cockpit environment and the degree of color preference was related to the type of music.Reference:[1]Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Han, B., Xiang, Y. and Li, L., 2019. Hue, chroma, and lightness preference in Chinese adults: Age and gender differences. Color Research & Application, 44(6), pp.967-980.[2]Anderson, P.W. and Zahorik, P., 2014. Auditory/visual distance estimation: accuracy and variability. Frontiers in psychology, 5, p.1097.[3]Satake, I., Xin, J.H., Tianming, T., Hansuebsai, A., Ando, K., Sato, T., Kajiwara, K. and Ohsawa, S., 2011. A comparative study of the emotional assessment of automotive exterior colors in Asia. Progress in Organic Coatings, 72(3), pp.528-540.

Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Department. Dokuz Eylul University. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mimarlık Fakültesi Tınaztepe Kampüsü, Doğuş Caddesi No:209, 35160 Buca- IZMIR, Turkey ²Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR ESPACE. 98 Bd Edouard Herriot, BP 3209 06204 NICE cedex 3, France E-mail: irem.erin@deu.edu.tr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr, giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, ebru.cubukcu@deu.edu.trTelephone number: +905363341475 Keywords (3-5): Morphological analysis, quantitative methods, urban design, environmental psychology Urban morphology investigates “how cities are built and why, how cities should be built, what should be built and what has actually been built?” (Moudon 1997). Together with the qualitative analysis, the founding fathers of urban morphology also proposed quantitative measures of urban fabrics. Allain's methodological work (2004) presents an overview of these quantitative analyses of topological, dimensional and geometrical relations among form elements in urban fabrics. However, urban morphologists have traditionally resisted computer-based geoprocessing of urban form and their calculations were mainly carried out manually. Thanks to technological developments, the number of quantitative studies in urban morphology has increased and fully integrated geoprocessing. More sophisticated computer-aided analyses have increased the potential applications in urban design and in environmental psychology research. Space Syntax (Hillier 1998) and Multiple Centrality Assessment (Porta et al. 2006) are configurational, multi-scale approaches to the analysis of the urban street network, but miss the interplay between streets, building and parcels composing urban fabric. Space Matrix (Berghauser Pont and Haupt 2010) and, more recently, Multiple Fabric Assessment (Araldi and Fusco 2017) are geoprocessing quantitative approaches to the analysis of urban fabric morphology. This study has two aims; (1) classify quantitative urban morphology methods and (2) discuss how these methods could be applied in urban design and environmental psychology. First, the evolution of these methods along with the theories in urban morphology from qualitative to quantitative approaches will be discussed. Methods will be classified by combining their goals, as well as the morphological objects and the scales on which the analyses will focus. Finally, we will discuss how these methods could be combined and used in two different research perspectives: urban design and environmental psychology. References Allain, R (2004) Morphologie urbaine: géographie, aménagement et architecture de la ville, Paris, Armand Collin Araldi A., Fusco G. (2017) Decomposing and Recomposing Urban Fabric: the City from the Pedestrian Point of View, ICCSA 2017 Proceedings (in press) Berghauser Pont, M., Haupt, P. (2010). SPACEMATRIX, Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam, NAi Publishers. Hillier, B. (1998) Space is the machine: A configurational Theory of Architecture, Cambridge University Press. Moudon, A. V. (1997). Urban morphology as an emerging. Urban morphology,1, 3-10. Porta S., Crucitti P., and Latora V. (2006) The network analysis of urban streets: a primal approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33(5):705-725.

Introdução: A aloimunização é a formação de anticorpos maternos contra antígenos presentes no sangue fetal. Dependendo da capacidade de atravessarem a placenta, antigenicidade e concentração de anticorpos envolvidos, pode haver desenvolvimento de doença hemolítica perinatal. A profilaxia de aloimunização com imunoglobulina anti-D é extremamente eficaz em reduzir a morbimortalidade da doença, uma vez que esse anticorpo é o principal responsável por causar hemólise. Por outro lado, o uso dessa profilaxia tem levado a aumento proporcional de casos de doença por anticorpo não-D. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil imuno-hematológico das gestantes aloimunizadas acompanhadas em centro de referência entre 2014 e 2019. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada revisão de prontuários, analisando o grupo sanguíneo (GS), o fator Rh e o tipo de anticorpo contra hemácia. Além disso, foi realizada revisão da literatura acessada nas bases de dados PubMed e Uptodate. Resultados: Entre 2014 e 2019, foram acompanhadas 416 gestantes aloimunizadas nessa instituição. Entre elas, o GS mais comum foi A (42,1%), seguido de O (38,5%), B (14,2%) e AB (4,6%). As pacientes eram predominantemente Rh negativo (81,5%), enquanto o restante era Rh positivo (18,5%). A titulação do Coombs indireto variou entre 1:1 e 1:4096, com a maioria das gestantes (15%) com titulação de 1:16. Quanto ao tipo de anticorpo, a maior prevalência foi de anti-D (72%), seguido, respectivamente, de anti-M (7%), anti-K, anti-E, anti-Lews, anti-C e anti-c. Em 87% dos casos, houve identificação de apenas um anticorpo; em 11% dos casos foram identificados dois anticorpos; e em 2%, três ou mais anticorpos. Quanto à associação do anti-D com outros anticorpos, em 9% dos casos o segundo anticorpo identificado foi o anti-C; em 2%, o anti-E; e em 1%, o anti-K, seguidos do anti-e e do anti-S, com 0,5% cada. Discussão: Apesar da existência da profilaxia para aloimunização para anti-D, analisando o perfil imuno-hematológico das gestantes aloimunizadas na instituição, observa-se o predomínio absoluto de anticorpos anti-D. A prevenção da doença hemolítica perinatal por meio da administração de imunoglobulina anti-D é considerada extremamente eficaz, com taxa de sucesso de aproximadamente 99%. A profilaxia com imunoglobulina anti-D está disponível desde 1968 e é capaz de reduzir a taxa de aloimunização de 13‒16% para 0,5‒1,8%. Segundo a literatura, no mundo todo, aproximadamente 50% das mulheres que deveriam receber a profilaxia não a recebem, o que leva à exposição de milhares de fetos e neonatos à elevada morbimortalidade da doença. Conclusão: A doença hemolítica perinatal é potencialmente grave e sua forma mais comum é prevenível por meio da administração da imunoglobulina anti-D. O predomínio da aloimunização pelo anti-D na população estudada traduz a deficiência na implementação da profilaxia e torna essa doença um grande desafio à saúde pública.

In Hong Kong, the maximum test load is required to be maintained constant for 72 hours during loading tests of piles according to the loading test procedures in the Code of Practice for Foundations 2017. Such a long duration of maintained loading is uncommon in pile loading tests overseas. In the paper, the behaviour of driven H-piles under maintained loading will be studied using creep settlements measured during the 72 hours of maintained loading of piles from various sites in Hong Kong. The reason for such a long period of maintained loading is not discussed in the literature. The paper aims to address the more fundamental issues of (a) usefulness of maintained loading if any, (b) whether it is meaningful to conduct maintained loading at peak test load and (b) whether the period of maintained loading can be reduced the time needed for loading test.

In general, tensile armour wires of flexible pipes that are designed for sour applications have their strength limited to 850 MPa due to the possibility of embrittlement phenomena to occur. A Thermally Sprayed Aluminum (TSA) coating 250 μm thick was applied to high strength steels with UTS of 1470 MPa and YS of 1280 MPa. Three specimens conditions were evaluated: full coating, no coating and coating with a designed defect. The load was applied using a four point bending fixture, maintaining a constant stress of 90% of material’s yield strength. All tests were performed in accordance with recommendations of NACE TM 0177 method B. The test solution was distilled water with NaCl 5.0% saturated with a gas mixture of 10,000 ppm of H2S in balance with CO2 during 720 hours. It was observed that samples without coating were more susceptible to the effect of the environment presenting higher degradation and failure. The fractures presented typical characteristic of the Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSCC). Furthermore, it was detected parallel cracks to the surface of the wires indicating the embrittlement phenomenon of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC). On the other hand, coated samples with and without defects did not fail during the 720 hours of testing. A posterior non-destructive testing and a metallographic analysis did not identify the presence of cracks. These results were attributed to the physical barrier of the aluminum coating and the cathodic protection generated by the preferential aluminum corrosion. This preliminary study shows that TSA coatings can be a good alternative to increase the corrosion resistance of armour wires in sour environments allowing the application of higher strength steels.

Abstract In the test loop HWT II (High Temperature Materials Test Loop) installed in the fossil power plant Grosskraftwerk (GKM) Mannheim in Germany, thick-walled components made of nickel base alloys were operated up to temperature of 725 °C. The operation mode chosen (creep-fatigue) was to simulate a large number of start-ups and shutdowns with high gradients as expected for future high efficient and flexible power plants and to investigate the damage due to thermal fatigue of the used nickel base alloys. In this paper the damage evolution of a header made of the nickel base alloys Alloy 617 B and Alloy C263, which was a part of HWT II test rig, were investigated using nondestructive and destructive techniques. Furthermore, the damage has been considered and evaluated by using numerical methods. In addition, different lifetime assessment methods of standards and recommendations with focus on creep-fatigue damage were used and evaluated. The different lifetime models are applied to the header and the results were compared to the results of metallographic investigations and damage observations.

Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.

Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK) was established for its historical significance as a one of the principle military sieges resulting in a turning point during the American Civil War. The steep terrain around the city of Vicksburg was integral in the military siege, providing high vantage points and a substrate that was easy to entrench for the armies, but unknown to many is the fossil content, particularly a diversity of fossil mollusks. These fossils at VICK are important paleontological resources which have yet to receive focused attention from park staff, visitors, and researchers. The park’s geology is dominated by windblown silt from the last Ice Age which overlays river-transported gravels and bedrock of the late Oligocene–early Miocene-age Catahoula Formation or early Oligocene Vicksburg Group. The park is home to the type section (a geological reference locality upon which a formation is based) for the Mint Spring Formation, one of the most fossiliferous formations in this group (Henderson et al. 2022). Beginning roughly 32 million years ago (Dockery 2019), the early Oligocene deposits of the Vicksburg Group were deposited as the sea level along the Gulf Coast shore repeatedly rose and fell. The eponymously named Vicksburg Group is comprised of, from oldest to youngest, the Forest Hill, Mint Spring, Marianna Limestone, Glendon Limestone, Byram, and Bucatunna Formations. Each of these formations are within VICK’s boundaries, in addition to outcrops of the younger Catahoula Formation. Paleozoic fossils transported by the ancestral Mississippi River have also been redeposited within VICK as pre-loess stream gravels. Overlying these layers is the Quaternary-age silt which composes the loess found throughout VICK, meaning the park’s fossils span the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The fossils of VICK consist mostly of near-shore marine Oligocene invertebrates including corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, ostracods, and more, though terrestrial and freshwater snails of the loess, microfossils, plant fossils, occasional vertebrates, and others can also be found in the park. Notable historical figures such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur, Charles Lyell, and John Wesley Powell all collected fossils or studied geology in the Vicksburg area. The Vicksburg Group is culturally relevant as well, as the Glendon Limestone Formation has been identified by its embedded fossils as a source rock for Native American effigy pipes. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for VICK. Although Vicksburg fossils have most recently been studied as part of the Gulf Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network (Kenworthy et al. 2007), the park has never received a comprehensive, dedicated fossil inventory before this report. At least 27 fossil species, listed in Appendix B, have been named and described from specimens collected from within VICK’s lands, and VICK fossils can be found at six or more non-NPS museum repositories. Beginning in January 2022, field surveys were undertaken at VICK, covering nearly all the park’s wooded areas, streams, and other portions beyond the preserved trenches and tour road. Fossils were collected or observed at 72 localities. These specimens will be added into VICK’s museum collections, which previously contained no paleontological resources. Considering the minimal attention dedicated to these resources in the past, these newly acquired fossil specimens may be used in the future for educational, interpretive, or research purposes. Future park construction needs should take into account the protection of these resources by avoiding important localities or allowing collection efforts before localities become inaccessible or lost.