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Geesmann, Bjoern, Joachim Mester und Karsten Koehler. „Energy Balance, Macronutrient Intake, and Hydration Status During a 1,230 km Ultra-Endurance Bike Marathon“. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2014): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0169.
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Athletes competing in ultra-endurance events are advised to meet energy requirements, to supply appropriate amounts of carbohydrates (CHO), and to be adequately hydrated before and during exercise. In practice, these recommendations may not be followed because of satiety, gastrointestinal discomfort, and fatigue. The purpose of the study was to assess energy balance, macronutrient intake and hydration status before and during a 1,230-km bike marathon. A group of 14 well-trained participants (VO2max: 63.2 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min) completed the marathon after 42:47 hr. Ad libitum food and fluid intake were monitored throughout the event. Energy expenditure (EE) was derived from power output and urine and blood markers were collected before the start, after 310, 618, and 921 km, after the finish, and 12 hr after the finish. Energy intake (EI; 19,749 ± 4,502 kcal) was lower than EE (25,303 ± 2,436 kcal) in 12 of 14 athletes. EI and CHO intake (average: 57.1 ± 17.7 g/hr) decreased significantly after km 618 (p < .05). Participants ingested on average 392 ± 85 ml/hr of fluid, but fluid intake decreased after km 618 (p < .05). Hydration appeared suboptimal before the start (urine specific gravity: 1.022 ± 0.010 g/ml) but did not change significantly throughout the event. The results show that participants failed to maintain in energy balance and that CHO and fluid intake dropped below recommended values during the second half of the bike marathon. Individual strategies to overcome satiety and fatigue may be necessary to improve eating and drinking behavior during prolonged ultra-endurance exercise.
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Johnson, Ronald, Craig W. Johnson, Suvendra Vijayan, Devadatta Tata und Ramon Villegas. „Diagnosis, Prescription, Intervention, Evaluation, Advanced Academic Training, and College Student Success“. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 22, Nr. 4 (25.06.2018): 699–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1521025118779803.
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The Personal Background Preparation Survey (PBPS) identifies students at risk for academic nonadvancement. Uniquely, the PBPS produces individualized reports making evidence-based risk-specific recommendations prescribing interventions targeting students’ empirically identified risk indicators. At a large southwestern health sciences community college, after baseline PBPS administration among 409 diverse first-semester-fall 2010 students, fall 2011 PBPS administration helped target PBPS-individualized interventions among 618 first-semester-fall 2011 students. Group-oriented Advanced Academic Training (AAT) workshops augmented PBPS-targeted individualized interventions among 1,183 additional first-semester students during fall 2012 and fall 2013. AAT participants practiced a daily self-testing retrieval regimen to reduce PBPS-identified cognitive processing, information-, and time-management risk indicators. Controlling PBPS risk level, underrepresented minority status, and gender as covariates, first-semester student nonadvancement rate decreased from baseline’s 42.3% and PBPS-individualized interventions’ 41.4% to 16.2% and 11.6% postAAT ( p < .001), respectively. AAT was designed to reduce primarily higher risk student nonadvancement; yet, retention gains did not differ significantly across risk levels, underrepresented minority students status, and gender.
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Higuchi, Mineo, und Tsukasa Ogasawara. „Development of a Human Symbiotic Assist Arm “PAS-Arm” (Experimental System and Creation of Virtual Guiding Surfaces)“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, Nr. 2 (20.04.2013): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0285.
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We describe a new robotic assist device: the passive assist arm (PAS-Arm). PAS-Arms are intended for direct physical interaction with a human operator. PASArms are physically passive. The force to manipulate the arm end must be provided by the operator. Their purpose is not to enhance human strength, but to provide virtual guiding surfaces that constrain and guide the motion of the operator. PAS-Arms have three joints and a three dimensional workspace, but possess only two degrees of freedom due to the reduction of degrees of freedom created by a combination of Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) and differential gears. In this paper, we first discuss the manipulability ellipsoid for the PAS-Arm. The major axis of the ellipsoid is the direction in which the arm end may be easily manipulated, and vice versa. We have developed an experimental system for the PAS-Arm. The CVTs of the experimental system may not adjust the transmission ratio to zero. Second, we describe an algorithm to address that problem. Finally, we present initial experiments that verify the PAS-Arm mechanism. The experimental results successfully produced virtual guiding surfaces.1 1. This paper is the full translation from the transactions of JSME, Series C, Vol.76, No.763, pp. 611-618, 2010.
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Clark, Anne, Christine Merrigan, Ellen Crushell, Joanne Hughes, Ina Knerr, Ardeshir A. Monavari, Eileen Treacy und Aoife Coughlan. „Ten‐year retrospective review (2003‐2013) of 56 inpatient admissions to stabilize elevated phenylalanine levels“. JIMD Reports 46, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmd2.12019.
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AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting phenylalanine metabolism. The Irish incidence is 1:4500. Currently, there are 500 patients under the care of the National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders in Temple Street Children's University Hospital. Current practice is to admit PKU patients with phenylalanine (phe) levels that are consistently out of range despite an intensive multidisciplinary team input on an outpatient basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in phe levels pre, during, and post admissions and to examine if there was a sustained impact post discharge. Fifty‐six patients were admitted between January 2003 and December 2013. Patients were all <18 years of age. Greater than 70% (n = 39) of the reasons for admission were due to multiple issues. Average admission time was 5 days. There was a significant decrease in median phe levels from prior to the admission to during the admission. However, there was a significant increase in median phe levels from during the admission (505 μmol/L) to both the 1‐6 months' and 7‐12 months' time points (618 and 651 μmol/L, respectively). The results highlight that while inpatient admissions can stabilize levels within the acute setting, this is not sustained long term. The ward environment does not accurately replicate home circumstances. This study highlighted that the reasons for admission are most often multifactorial, which is less likely to be resolved during a brief admission period.
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Kamińska, J. „Investigations of the Influence of the Matrix Recycling on Properties of the Moulding Sand with Geopol 618 Binder“. Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, Nr. 1 (01.03.2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0013.
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Abstract Self-hardening moulding sands with water-glass hardened by liquid esters are applied in several foundry plants for making moulds for the production of heavy iron and steel castings. The main good point of this process is a low cost of sands. However, on account of a low susceptibility of this moulding sand for the matrix reclamation the fraction of sands originated from the reclamation is limited. The investigations presented in this work were aimed at the determination of the addition of the reclaimed material, obtained in the dry mechanical reclamation, on properties of the moulding sand with the Geopol 618 binder, which is water-glass modified by polymers and hardened by esters.
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ANGELO, K. M., A. L. NISLER, A. J. HALL, L. G. BROWN und L. H. GOULD. „Epidemiology of restaurant-associated foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 1998–2013“. Epidemiology and Infection 145, Nr. 3 (18.10.2016): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002314.
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SUMMARYAlthough contamination of food can occur at any point from farm to table, restaurant food workers are a common source of foodborne illness. We describe the characteristics of restaurant-associated foodborne disease outbreaks and explore the role of food workers by analysing outbreaks associated with restaurants from 1998 to 2013 reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. We identified 9788 restaurant-associated outbreaks. The median annual number of outbreaks was 620 (interquartile range 618–629). In 3072 outbreaks with a single confirmed aetiology reported, norovirus caused the largest number of outbreaks (1425, 46%). Of outbreaks with a single food reported and a confirmed aetiology, fish (254 outbreaks, 34%) was most commonly implicated, and these outbreaks were commonly caused by scombroid toxin (219 outbreaks, 86% of fish outbreaks). Most outbreaks (79%) occurred at sit-down establishments. The most commonly reported contributing factors were those related to food handling and preparation practices in the restaurant (2955 outbreaks, 61%). Food workers contributed to 2415 (25%) outbreaks. Knowledge of the foods, aetiologies, and contributing factors that result in foodborne disease restaurant outbreaks can help guide efforts to prevent foodborne illness.
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Meixner, M., M. Klaus und Ch Genzel. „Sin2ψ-based residual stress gradient analysis by energy-dispersive synchrotron diffraction constrained by small gauge volumes. II. Experimental implementation“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, Nr. 3 (04.05.2013): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813008364.
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On the basis of the theoretical concept for the use of small gauge volumes to study near-surface residual stress fields with high spatial resolution [Meixner, Klaus & Genzel (2013).J. Appl. Cryst.46, 610–618], the experimental implementation of the approach is demonstrated. It is shown that specifically designed slit systems are required to avoid effects such as diffuse scattering at the slit blades and total external reflection, both giving rise to a reduced resolution. Starting from the characterization of the small gauge volume, practical guidance on how to control the alignment of the sample relative to the gauge volume for different geometrical conditions of energy-dispersive diffraction is given. The narrow-slit configuration as well as the formalism for data evaluation introduced in the first part of this series is applied to the analysis of a very steep in-plane residual stress gradient in a shot-peened Al2O3ceramic sample. The results are compared with those obtained by means of a conventional wide-slit setup using the classical universal plot method for residual stress analysis on the one hand, and with the simulations performed in the first part on the other hand.
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Rakowska, Joanna. „EUROPEAN UNION FUNDING FOR PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE IN POLAND“. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 19, Nr. 4 (03.01.2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.47.
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As there is a dynamic relation between religious cultural heritage, tourism and local development, the European Union supports preservation of religious heritage through regional policy funds available in Poland under operational programmes. The aim of the research was to define and look into the main outcomes of this support, based on qualitative and quantitative data from SIMIK 2007–2013 and central teleinformation system (CTS) SL2014 for 2014–2020. Findings show that the 618 projects for the preservation of religious cultural heritage in Poland comprised a very small share of all investments under operational programmes. They were also a very small share of the total value of all projects and of EU funding co-financing them. However, comparing the financial perspective of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020, there is an increase in the number of these investments and in the number of projects that obtained the best relation of EU funding to their total value, i.e. 85%.
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Antille, Diogenes L., Ruben Sakrabani, Sean F. Tyrrel, Minh S. Le und Richard J. Godwin. „Characterisation of Organomineral Fertilisers Derived from Nutrient-Enriched Biosolids Granules“. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/694597.
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Organomineral fertilisers (OMFs) were produced by coating biosolids granules with urea and potash. Two OMF formulations with N : P2O5 : K2O compositions: 10 : 4 : 4 (OMF10) and 15 : 4 : 4 (OMF15) were developed for application in grassland and arable crops. Routine fertiliser analyses were conducted on four batches of OMF and biosolids granules and compared with a sample of urea to determine key physical and chemical properties of the materials which affect handling and spreading, soil behaviour, and fertiliser value. Bulk and particle densities were in the range of 608 to 618 kg m−3, and 1297 to 1357 kg m−3, respectively. Compression tests showed that OMF particles undergo deformation followed by multiple failures without disintegration of the granules when vertical load was applied. Static particle strength was between 1.18 and 4.33 N mm−2depending on the particle diameter. The use of a model for fertiliser particle distribution studies showed that OMF granules should be between 1.10 and 5.50 mm in diameter with about 80% of the particles in the range of 2.25 to 4.40 mm to enable application at 18 m tramline spacing. This research utilises novel technology to improve the fertiliser value of biosolids, reduce disposal costs, and deliver a range of environmental benefits associated with recycling.
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Wiese, Andrew D., Xiang Huang, Chang Yu, Edward F. Mitchel, Moe H. Kyaw, Marie R. Griffin und Carlos G. Grijalva. „Changes in Otitis Media Episodes and Pressure Equalization Tube Insertions Among Young Children Following Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A Birth Cohort–based Study“. Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Nr. 12 (16.02.2019): 2162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz142.
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Abstract Background The impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction on the occurrence of first and subsequent otitis media (OM) episodes in early childhood is unclear. We compared the risk of OM episodes among children age <2 years before and after PCV13 introduction, accounting for the dependence between OM episodes. Methods We identified consecutive annual (July–June) cohorts of Tennessee Medicaid–enrolled children (2006–2014) from birth through age 2 years. We identified OM episodes using coded diagnoses (we classified diagnoses <21 days apart as the same episode). We modeled adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for OM comparing 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7)–era (2006–2010) and PCV13-era (2011–2014) birth cohorts, accounting for risk factors and dependence between first and subsequent episodes. Secondary analyses examined pressure equalization tube (PET) insertions and compared the risk of recurrent OM (≥3 episodes in 6 months or ≥4 episodes in 12 months) between PCV7- and PCV13-era birth cohorts. Results We observed 618 968 OM episodes and 24 875 PET insertions among 368 063 children. OM and PET insertion rates increased during the PCV7 years and declined after PCV13 introduction. OM and PET insertion risks were lower in the 2013–2014 cohort compared with the 2009–2010 cohort (aHRs [95% confidence interval], 0.92 [.91–.93] and 0.76 [.72–.80], respectively). PCV13 introduction was associated with declines in the risk of first, subsequent, and recurrent OM. Conclusions The transition from PCV7 to PCV13 was associated with a decline of OM among children aged <2 years due to a reduction in the risk of both the first and subsequent OM episodes.
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Schenkel, Caroline, Laura A. Levit, Margaret Kelsey Kirkwood, Rebecca Spence, Fay J. Hlubocky, Anthony Back, John M. Burke et al. „The state of professional wellbeing and satisfaction among US oncologists.“ JCO Oncology Practice 19, Nr. 11_suppl (November 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.1.
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1 Background: Although previous studies have demonstrated substantial burnout among US oncologists, most of the published literature assessed the experience of oncologists prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In January-February 2023, ASCO emailed a novel 36 item REDCap survey to 5892 U.S.-based physician ASCO members. The survey included 2 questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The survey was distributed through multiple ASCO channels in February-March 2023. Survey responses were compared to findings from a 2013 survey of 1345 oncologists by Shanafelt et al (JCO, 2014). Per convention, those with high levels of emotional exhaustion (EE) and/or depersonalization (DP) were categorized as having burnout. Results: 410 oncologists responded to the survey. Responses from 328 oncologists in active clinical practice (at least 6 hours/week) are included in this analysis. The median age was 47 [IQR: 15]. Respondents were 52% female, 55% white and 85% married/partnered. 68% had caregiving responsibilities for children or adults. 64% reported that their current work setting was an academic institution. In 2023, 57% of clinicians had high EE on the single MBI-EE item (i.e., “feel burned out from [their] work” weekly or more often) compared to 29% in 2013 (p < .0001). 34% had high DP on the single MBI-DP item (i.e., feel that they “have become more callous towards people since [they] took [their] job” weekly or more often) vs. 13% in 2013 (p < .0001). A larger percentage of clinicians demonstrated one or more symptoms of burnout in 2023 compared to 2013 respondents (59% vs. 34%, p < .0001). The prevalence of burnout was higher among 2023 respondents with caregiving responsibilities compared to those without (65% vs 47%; p = .003). Those under 50 were more likely to have high DP relative to those 50 or older (39% vs 24%; p = .007). A higher percentage of non-white-identifying respondents had high EE compared to those identifying as white only (63% vs 52%, p = .068). Compared to 2013, respondents in 2023 reported higher mean fatigue levels (6.1 [SD = 2.6] vs. 5.8 [SD = 2.4]) and lower mean overall quality of life (7.1 [SD = 2.2] vs. 7.3 [SD = 1.8]) (range 0-10). Fewer 2023 respondents were satisfied with their work-life integration (WLI) relative to 2013 (24% vs. 35%, p = .001). Participants in the 2023 survey selected up to two factors associated with joy in work and factors that may improve work. The top factor contributing to joy in work was “speaking with and advising patients” (63%, 205/633 responses). Top factors improving work were enhanced practice/administrative support (46%, 149/618) and enhanced patient care support/staffing (44%, 142/618). Conclusions: Burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration appears to have worsened among US oncologists over the last decade. Policies and organizational interventions that enhance support for administrative and patient care tasks are necessary to improve well-being among oncologists.
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Modupe E, Sanyaolu. „PERFORMANCE OF RAIN- INDUCED ATTENUATION PREDICTION MODELS FOR TERRESTRIAL LINK IN CAMEROON“. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, Nr. 1 (01.05.2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.003.
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Weather, notably rain, has a negative impact on radio wave propagation between terrestrial and earthspace links at frequencies above 10 GHz. Therefore raininduced attenuation is a significant propagation impact that must be considered when designing satellite communication systems. Analysis of rain attenuation for earth-space links in three locations in Cameroon at V, Ku and Ka bands is investigated using four rain attenuation models: The ITU-R P.618 model, Svjatogor model, GarciaLopez model and Bryant model at 42.5° elevation angles. The major goal is to figure out which rain attenuation prediction models are best for satellite communication in this area. Five years (2013–2017) daily rainfall data obtained from the Tropical Rain Measuring MissionPrecipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's Core Observatory were used for this study. The results showed that the ITUR P.618, Garcia-Lopez, and Svjatogor models performed best in this region. Attenuation ranged from 15 dB to 16 at 42.5° elevation angle for time exceedance of 0.01% at Kuband in all the study locations. For the Ka-band, attenuation varied between 32 dB and 38 dB. Signal availability at Ku-band is possible based on predicted rain attenuation values for 0.01 %-time exceedance. At Ka and V-band, the predicted rain attenuation values for 0.01%- time exceedance have shown that availability of signal is impossible, which infers losses of the signal during such rainfall events across the selected locations in Cameroon
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Lemieux, Camille, Michael Gardam, Gerald Evans, Michael John, Kathryn N. Suh, Carl vanWalraven, Elisa Vicencio, Cameron Coulby, Virginia Roth und Susy Hota. „Longitudinal Multicenter Analysis of Outcomes After Cessation of Control Measures for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, Nr. 1 (02.11.2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.235.
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OBJECTIVETo assess clinically relevant outcomes after complete cessation of control measures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).DESIGNQuasi-experimental ecological study over 3.5 years.METHODSAll VRE screening and isolation practices at 4 large academic hospitals in Ontario, Canada, were stopped on July 1, 2012. In total, 618 anonymized abstracted charts of patients with VRE-positive clinical isolates identified between July 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, were reviewed to determine whether the case was a true VRE infection, a VRE colonization or contaminant, or a true VRE bacteremia. All deaths within 30 days of the last VRE infection were also reviewed to determine whether the death was fully or partially attributable to VRE. All-cause mortality was evaluated over the study period. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to cluster outcome rates within hospitals, and negative binomial models were created for each outcome.RESULTSThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) for VRE infections was 0.59 and the associatedPvalue was .34. For VRE bacteremias, the IRR was 0.54 andP=.38; for all-cause mortality the IRR was 0.70 andP=.66; and for VRE attributable death, the IRR was 0.35 andP=.49. VRE control measures were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. Rates of all outcomes appeared to increase during the 18-month period after cessation of VRE control measures, but none reached statistical significance.CONCLUSIONClinically significant VRE outcomes remain rare. Cessation of all control measures for VRE had no significant attributable adverse clinical impact.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–7
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Pelloso, Michela, Daniela Basso, Andrea Padoan, Paola Fogar und Mario Plebani. „Computer-based-limited and personalised education management maximise appropriateness of vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate retesting“. Journal of Clinical Pathology 69, Nr. 9 (02.02.2016): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203447.
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AimTo identify the best management strategy for improving the appropriateness of vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate retesting.MethodsThe study was conducted between 3 November 2012 and 8 June 2015, with inpatients and outpatients being considered separately. After an observational reference period (3 November 2012 to 14 September 2013), an information technology (IT)-based permissive strategy (16 September 2013 to 27 July 2014) followed by a limiting strategy was used to manage the demand for inpatient retesting. For outpatients, an educational strategy period (28 July 2014 to 16 December 2014) with direct contact between medical personnel and general practitioners (GPs) was followed by a post-educational period without any restriction. Data from a total of 66 496 patients for vitamin D, 14 618 for vitamin B12 and 14 445 for folate were retrieved from the laboratory IT system. The main outcomes measures were inappropriate vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate retesting. The minimal retesting intervals were 90 (vitamin D) or 180 days (vitamin B12 and folate).ResultsIn the absence of a laboratory demand strategy, the frequency of inappropriate retesting for vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate was 60%, 94% and 93%, respectively, for inpatients, and 27%, 87% and 87%, respectively, for outpatients. A limiting IT-based demand management strategy reduced inappropriate retesting for vitamin D (36%), but not for vitamin B12 and folate. The educational strategy was followed by a reduction in inappropriate retesting among outpatients (16% for vitamin D, 72% for vitamin B12 and folate).ConclusionsLaboratory demand management based on an IT-limiting management strategy or on education of the referring physicians appears helpful in maximising appropriate retesting.
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Khodzher, T. V., L. P. Golobokova, Y. A. Shibaev, V. Y. Lipenkov und J. R. Petit. „Spatial-temporal dynamics of chemical composition of surface snow in East Antarctic along the transect Station Progress-Station Vostok“. Cryosphere Discussions 7, Nr. 3 (15.05.2013): 2007–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-2007-2013.
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Abstract. This paper presents data on chemical composition of the Antarctic snow sampled during the 53rd Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE, 2008) along the first tractor traverse (TT) from Station Progress to Station Vostok (East Antarctica). Snow samples were obtained from the cores drilled at 55.3, 253, 337, 369, 403, 441, 480, 519, 560, 618, 819, and 1276 km from Station Progress. Data on horizontal and deep distribution of chemical components in the snow provide evidence of spatial and temporal variations of conditions for the snow cover formation along the transect under study. Sea salt was the main source for chemical composition of snow cover near the ice edge. Concentrations of marine-derived components decreased further inland. A hypothesis was put forward that some ions in the snow cover of the central part of East Antarctica were likely to be of continental origin. Elevated concentrations of sulphate ions of continental origin were recorded in some profiles of the transect at a depth of 130–150 cm which was attributed to buried signals of the Pinatubo volcano eruption (1991).
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Band, Ram. „The nodal count {0,1,2,3,…} implies the graph is a tree“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, Nr. 2007 (28.01.2014): 20120504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0504.
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Sturm's oscillation theorem states that the n th eigenfunction of a Sturm–Liouville operator on the interval has n −1 zeros (nodes) (Sturm 1836 J. Math. Pures Appl. 1 , 106–186; 373–444). This result was generalized for all metric tree graphs (Pokornyĭ et al. 1996 Mat. Zametki 60 , 468–470 ( doi:10.1007/BF02320380 ); Schapotschnikow 2006 Waves Random Complex Media 16 , 167–178 ( doi:10.1080/1745530600702535 )) and an analogous theorem was proved for discrete tree graphs (Berkolaiko 2007 Commun. Math. Phys. 278 , 803–819 ( doi:10.1007/S00220-007-0391-3 ); Dhar & Ramaswamy 1985 Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 , 1346–1349 ( doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1346 ); Fiedler 1975 Czechoslovak Math. J. 25 , 607–618). We prove the converse theorems for both discrete and metric graphs. Namely if for all n , the n th eigenfunction of the graph has n −1 zeros, then the graph is a tree. Our proofs use a recently obtained connection between the graph's nodal count and the magnetic stability of its eigenvalues (Berkolaiko 2013 Anal. PDE 6 , 1213–1233 ( doi:10.2140/apde.2013.6.1213 ); Berkolaiko & Weyand 2014 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 372 , 20120522 ( doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0522 ); Colin de Verdière 2013 Anal. PDE 6 , 1235–1242 ( doi:10.2140/apde.2013.6.1235 )). In the course of the proof, we show that it is not possible for all (or even almost all, in the metric case) the eigenvalues to exhibit a diamagnetic behaviour. In addition, we develop a notion of ‘discretized’ versions of a metric graph and prove that their nodal counts are related to those of the metric graph.
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BEGGS, EDWIN, JOSÉ FÉLIX COSTA, DIOGO POÇAS und JOHN V. TUCKER. „Computations with oracles that measure vanishing quantities“. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 27, Nr. 8 (23.06.2016): 1315–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129516000219.
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We consider computation with real numbers that arise through a process of physical measurement. We have developed a theory in which physical experiments that measure quantities can be used as oracles to algorithms and we have begun to classify the computational power of various forms of experiment using non-uniform complexity classes. Earlier, in Beggs et al. (2014 Reviews of Symbolic Logic7(4) 618–646), we observed that measurement can be viewed as a process of comparing a rational number z – a test quantity – with a real number y – an unknown quantity; each oracle call performs such a comparison. Experiments can then be classified into three categories, that correspond with being able to return test results $$\begin{eqnarray*} z < y\text{ or }z > y\text{ or }\textit{timeout},\\ z < y\text{ or }\textit{timeout},\\ z \neq y\text{ or }\textit{timeout}. \end{eqnarray*} $$ These categories are called two-sided, threshold and vanishing experiments, respectively. The iterative process of comparing generates a real number y. The computational power of two-sided and threshold experiments were analysed in several papers, including Beggs et al. (2008 Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A (Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences)464 (2098) 2777–2801), Beggs et al. (2009 Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A (Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences)465 (2105) 1453–1465), Beggs et al. (2013a Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation (UCNC 2013), Springer-Verlag 6–18), Beggs et al. (2010b Mathematical Structures in Computer Science20 (06) 1019–1050) and Beggs et al. (2014 Reviews of Symbolic Logic, 7 (4):618-646). In this paper, we attack the subtle problem of measuring physical quantities that vanish in some experimental conditions (e.g., Brewster's angle in optics). We analyse in detail a simple generic vanishing experiment for measuring mass and develop general techniques based on parallel experiments, statistical analysis and timing notions that enable us to prove lower and upper bounds for its computational power in different variants. We end with a comparison of various results for all three forms of experiments and a suitable postulate for computation involving analogue inputs that breaks the Church–Turing barrier.
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Dewi, Cynthia, und Anita Anita. „Kualitas Audit: Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Tata Kelola Perusahaan“. Global Financial Accounting Journal 3, Nr. 1 (25.04.2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v3i1.438.
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The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of company’s characteristics and corporate governance towards audit quality in companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Independent board, board size, foreign ownership, ownership concentration, profitability as well as institutional ownership is used in this study. The amount of 618 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2013-2017 is used in this study. Purposive sampling method is used in the study. Financial statements of company that was published (www.idx.co.id) used as the sample of this study. The calibration of data which was obtained with binary logistic regression will be process using the program of SPSS version 25.0. This research shows that board size, foreign ownership and profitability proved to have a positive and significant relation on audit quality. This research also shows that institutional ownership does not have a significant relationship on audit quality while board independence has a negative relationship towards audit quality.
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Fessler, Amber G., und Catherine E. Rejrat. „Re-evaluating Safe Osmolarity for Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Intensive Care Patients“. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 26, Nr. 6 (16.08.2021): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-26.6.632.
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OBJECTIVE To reach nutrition goals for neonatal patients, institutions often exceed the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommended maximum of 900 mOsm/L for peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). Evidence is limited regarding the safety of PPN osmolarities above this maximum, specifically in neonatal patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if PPN with osmolarities ≥ 1000 mOsm/L is associated with an increased rate of line-related complications. METHODS This retrospective study included infants admitted to the Penn State Health Children's Hospital NICU from January 1, 2013, through July 31, 2018, who were receiving PPN, to assess if solutions with osmolarities ≥ 1000 mOsm/L versus < 1000 mOsm/L are associated with increased rates of line-related complications. RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included in the study, and 618 individual PPN days were analyzed. Baseline patient characteristics were similar between groups. The PPN osmolarities ranged from 610 to 1267 mOsm/L. Overall, the incidence of line-related complications for PPN < 1000 (n = 342 PPN days) and ≥ 1000 mOsm/L (n = 276 PPN days) was 28.9% and 29.0%, respectively (OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.72–1.40, p = 0.99]). Irrespective of PPN osmolarity, infants weighing > 1.5 kg had significantly greater odds of experiencing line complications compared with patients < 1 kg, but showed no difference compared with patients weighing 1 to 1.5 kg. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS There were no significant differences in the incidence of line-related complications in NICU patients receiving PPN with osmolarities 1000 to 1250 versus < 1000 mOsm/L.
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Saade, Elie Antoun, Nuntra Suwantara, Trina F. Zabarsky, Brigid Wilson und Curtis J. Donskey. „Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections after Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System“. Pathogens and Immunity 1, Nr. 2 (20.09.2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v1i1.123.
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Background: Recent reports suggest that infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are an increasingly common complication of transrectal biopsy of the prostate (TBP) in the United States. A better understanding of the magnitude and scope of these infections is needed to guide prevention efforts. Our objective is to determine whether the incidence of infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TBP has increased nationwide in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and to identify risk factors for infection.Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study and a nested case-control study within the US Deparment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. The primary outcomes were the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacteremia with E. coli and with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains within 30 days after TBP. Secondary endpoints focused on the correlation between fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates and post-TBP infection and risk factors for infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infection.Results: 245 618 patients undergoing 302 168 TBP procedures from 2000 through 2013 were included in the cohort study, and 59 469 patients undergoing TBP from 2011 through 2013 were included in the nested case-control study. Between 2000 and 2013, there was a 5-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli UTI (0.18%–0.93%) and a 4-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli bacteremia (0.04%–0.18%) after TBP that was attributable to an increase in the incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI (0.03%–0.75%) and bacteremia (0.01%–0.14%). The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infections after TBP occurred in parallel with increasing rates of fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI after TBP included diabetes mellitus, fluoroquinolone exposure, prior hospitalization, and prior cultures with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli.Conclusion: In the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, the incidence of E. coli infection after TBP has increased significantly since 2000 due to a dramatic rise in infections with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli.Keywords: bacteremia; case-control studies; cohort studies; early detection of cancer; Escherichia coliinfections; microbial drug resistance; postoperative complications; prostate; retrospective studies; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; urinary tract infections.
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Saade, Elie Antoun, Nuntra Suwantara, Trina F. Zabarsky, Brigid Wilson und Curtis J. Donskey. „Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections after Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System“. Pathogens and Immunity 1, Nr. 2 (20.09.2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v1i2.123.
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Background: Recent reports suggest that infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are an increasingly common complication of transrectal biopsy of the prostate (TBP) in the United States. A better understanding of the magnitude and scope of these infections is needed to guide prevention efforts. Our objective is to determine whether the incidence of infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TBP has increased nationwide in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and to identify risk factors for infection.Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study and a nested case-control study within the US Deparment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. The primary outcomes were the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacteremia with E. coli and with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains within 30 days after TBP. Secondary endpoints focused on the correlation between fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates and post-TBP infection and risk factors for infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infection.Results: 245 618 patients undergoing 302 168 TBP procedures from 2000 through 2013 were included in the cohort study, and 59 469 patients undergoing TBP from 2011 through 2013 were included in the nested case-control study. Between 2000 and 2013, there was a 5-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli UTI (0.18%–0.93%) and a 4-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli bacteremia (0.04%–0.18%) after TBP that was attributable to an increase in the incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI (0.03%–0.75%) and bacteremia (0.01%–0.14%). The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infections after TBP occurred in parallel with increasing rates of fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI after TBP included diabetes mellitus, fluoroquinolone exposure, prior hospitalization, and prior cultures with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli.Conclusion: In the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, the incidence of E. coli infection after TBP has increased significantly since 2000 due to a dramatic rise in infections with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli.Keywords: bacteremia; case-control studies; cohort studies; early detection of cancer; Escherichia coliinfections; microbial drug resistance; postoperative complications; prostate; retrospective studies; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; urinary tract infections.
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Ennuschat, Nora, Sabine Härtel, Corinna Pietsch und Uwe G. Liebert. „Norovirus Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity in Leipzig, Germany during 2013–2017“. Viruses 13, Nr. 10 (29.09.2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101961.
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Globally and in all age groups, noroviruses are a main cause of gastroenteritis. To assess their local epidemiology and genetic diversity, stool samples of 7509 inpatients with gastrointestinal complaints from all age groups were analyzed. After detection of norovirus genogroup I and II RNA by real-time RT-PCR, viral capsids were genotyped by partial nucleic acid sequencing. In the case of GII.2 strains, polymerase genotypes were also assessed. Between October 2013 and September 2017, presence of norovirus RNA was shown in 611 samples (8.1%), of which 610 (99.8%) were typed successfully. Norovirus positivity rate was higher in patients aged below five years (14.8%) than in older patients (5.7%). Among the 611 norovirus positive samples, GII.4 (56.6%) strains prevailed, followed by GII.6 (11.3%), GII.3 (11.0%) and GII.2 (9.5%). The most common genogroup I (GGI) genotype was GI.3 (3.6%). In addition, rare genotypes such as GII.13, GII.14 and GII.26 were detected. Interestingly, GII.3 infections were most common in children under the age of five years. Assessment of polymerase genotypes in GII.2 viruses showed a shift from P2 to P16, with higher diversity in P2 sequences. The varying distribution of norovirus genotypes depending on season, age and setting of infection highlights the importance of frequent genotyping as a basis for vaccine development and needful adjustments.
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Sondhi, Neena. „Assessing the organic potential of urban Indian consumers“. British Food Journal 116, Nr. 12 (25.11.2014): 1864–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2013-0098.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential for the purchase of organic food products amongst urban Indian consumers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a sample of 618 urban Indian consumers. The study questionnaire was developed to measure food-related lifestyle and attitudinal variables. The respondents were also questioned regarding their grocery purchase behaviour; awareness and purchase intentions regarding organic food. The data collected were analysed using SPSS 20.0 using factor, cluster and χ2 analysis to identify and profile the health-conscious segments and profile them based on their organic purchase intentions. Findings – In total, 33 lifestyle variables were reduced to five food-related attitudinal factors. Based on the five factors three potential clusters were identified. The urban Indian consumer was found to be environment, health and safety conscious. Sensitized and cautious segment of young, women living in nuclear families were more open to an organic alternative. The main barriers to successful adoption were premium pricing, doubtful certification and sporadic availability of organic food. Research limitations/implications – The urban Indian is ready to shift to a healthier option. However, the awareness, availability and price need to be managed more aggressively. A larger pan-India study to identify the high-potential belts and the domestic organic distribution and certification practices need to be assessed to formulate a focused marketing strategy. Originality/value – Paucity of literature exists about the potential organic consumers. Such studies are extremely meaningful for an organic marketer to design effective communication and distribution strategies in order to accelerate the adoption and preference for an organic purchase.
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Simonyi, Gábor, und Tamás Ferenci. „A metformin-monoterápia és a szitagliptin/metformin fix kombináció egyéves perzisztenciája“. Orvosi Hetilap 157, Nr. 16 (April 2016): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30423.
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Introduction: In treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus it is important to reach glycaemic targets. The elements of this are the adequate diet and the patient’s adherence to medication. Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the one year persistence of the metformin monotherapy and sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination in type 2 diabetic patients. Method: National Health Insurance Found prescriptions database of Hungary on pharmacy-claims between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013 was analyzed. The authors identified patients who filled prescriptions for metformin monotherapy and fixed dose combinations of sitagliptin/metformin prescribed for the first time. Patients have not received similar drugs one year previous to study. To model the persistence, the apparatus of survival analysis was used, where “survival” was the time to abandon the medication. As it was available to month precision, discrete time survival analysis was applied: a generalized linear model was estimated with complementary log-log link function with the kind of drug being the only explanatory variable. Results: During the trial period, metformin monotherapy or sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination was started in 63,386 and 10,039 patients, respectively. One year persistence rate in patients with metformin monotherapy was 30%, and 58% in patients with sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination. Considering only the 360-day study period, the mean duration of persistence was 173.4 days in patients on metformin monotherapy and 261.9 days on sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination. The hazard of discontinuation was more than twofold higher during treatment with metformin monotherapy compared with the use of the sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination (hazard ratio = 2.267, p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the one year persistence of metformin monotherapy and sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination in type 2 diabetic patients. The result demonstrated sitagliptin/metformin fixed dose combination has a favourable patients’ adherence as compared to metformin monotherapy. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(16), 618–622.
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Tremblay, Gaby, Pierre-Hugues Carmichael, Jean Maziade und Mireille Grégoire. „Detection of Residents With Progress Issues Using a Keyword–Specific Algorithm“. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, Nr. 6 (01.12.2019): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00386.1.
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ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that specific keywords included in summative rotation assessments might be an early indicator of abnormal progress or failure. Objective This study aims to determine the possible relationship between specific keywords on in-training evaluation reports (ITERs) and subsequent abnormal progress or failure. The goal is to create a functional algorithm to identify residents at risk of failure. Methods A database of all ITERs from all residents training in accredited programs at Université Laval between 2001 and 2013 was created. An instructional designer reviewed all ITERs and proposed terms associated with reinforcing and underperformance feedback. An algorithm based on these keywords was constructed by recursive partitioning using classification and regression tree methods. The developed algorithm was tuned to achieve 100% sensitivity while maximizing specificity. Results There were 41 618 ITERs for 3292 registered residents. Residents with failure to progress were detected for family medicine (6%, 67 of 1129) and 36 other specialties (4%, 78 of 2163), while the positive predictive values were 23.3% and 23.4%, respectively. The low positive predictive value may be a reflection of residents improving their performance after receiving feedback or a reluctance by supervisors to ascribe a “fail” or “in difficulty” score on the ITERs. Conclusions Classification and regression trees may be helpful to identify pertinent keywords and create an algorithm, which may be implemented in an electronic assessment system to detect future residents at risk of poor performance.
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Garcês da Silva, Franciéle Carneiro, und Lindiwe Sophia Oliveira Fideles. „Quilombo Intelectual, informação étnico-racial científica e a valorização intelectual da população negra“. Informação@Profissões 10, Nr. 3 (31.12.2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2317-4390.2021v10n3p34.
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Introdução: Este trabalho apresenta as abordagens sobre fontes de informação com enfoque nas questões étnico-raciais, população negra e outras à margem da sociedade, assim como apresenta o Quilombo Intelectual enquanto fonte de informação étnico-racial científica. Objetivo: Analisar o papel da página Quilombo Intelectual para a promoção das discussões sobre questões étnico-raciais e valorização intelectual da população negra, via disseminação da informação étnico-racial científica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho documental, exploratório e descritivo, na qual foram analisadas as postagens publicadas na página do Quilombo Intelectual no Facebook no período de janeiro de 2020 a junho de 2021. Resultados: Ao total, foram coletadas e analisadas 618 publicações, categorizadas conforme os modelos de Abreu (2013) e Corrêa e Silva (2017). A partir dos modelos, foram elaboradas quatro categorias principais, a saber: informação étnico-racial científica e os quadros “Momento Griôt”, “Encontro com o/a autor/a” e “Tenha na sua estante”. Conclusões: A página Quilombo Intelectual promove fontes de informação científica e de cunho étnico-racial, as quais corroboram para: (i) o conhecimento do estado da arte sobre o tema em diversas áreas do conhecimento; (ii) a promoção da identidade étnico-racial da população negra; (iii) o conhecimento dos aspectos históricos, culturais, políticos e educacionais da referida população; (iv) o combate às informações pré-concebidas ou equivocadas, via ciência; (v) e, por fim, valoriza pesquisadores(as) negros(as) e de outros pertencimentos étnicos que abordam e discutem as relações étnico-raciais.
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Kalvaitis, Albinas. „Teaching Aids in General Education Schools: Provision and Usage“. Pedagogika 119, Nr. 3 (23.09.2015): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.024.
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Lithuanian Education law establishes teachers’ right to choose the mean and form of his own pedagogical activity and teachers’ duty to ensure a good education quality. A possibility to choose and use right teaching aids – that is an important aspect of lessons’ quality. In the article the level of provision of various teaching aids and how different teaching aids are used during the lesson in general education schools in Lithuania is discussed. The analyse of the situation in these schools is based on a teachers’ survey that has been held by the author himself in 2013. In total 618 teachers, working in 221 different general education schools in Lithuania have been questioned. Results of the research show, that teaching and learning in Lithuanian general education schools are oriented to use only printed teaching aids, usually coursebooks. From all of the teaching aids the school has, teachers estimated only the amount of the coursebooks is estimated to be enough to conduct a lesson. Often Lithuanian teachers prefer to use handouts made by themselves in order to differentiate and individualize the teaching process. In conclusion the author suggests to accept and fulfil a new material provision paradigm, which would allow to create better conditions for pupils to use digital teaching aids.
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Vinther, Morten, und Margit Eero. „Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, Nr. 3 (23.01.2013): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst001.
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Abstract Vinther, M., and Eero, M. 2013. Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 618–627. Evaluations of the effects of management measures on fish populations are usually based on the analyses of population dynamics and estimates of fishing mortality from stock assessments. However, this approach may not be applicable in all cases, in particular for data-limited stocks, which may suffer from uncertain catch information and consequently lack reliable estimates of fishing mortality. In this study we develop an approach to obtain proxies for changes in fishing mortality based on effort information and predicted stock distribution. Cod in the Kattegat is used as an example. We use GAM analyses to predict local cod densities and combine this with spatio-temporal data of fishing effort based on VMS (Vessel Monitoring System). To quantify local fishing impact on the stock, retention probability of the gears is taken into account. The results indicate a substantial decline in the impact of the Danish demersal trawl fleet on cod in the Kattegat in recent years, due to a combination of closed areas, introduction of selective gears and changes in overall effort.
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Crockett, Seth, Rebecca Gourevitch, Michele Morris, David Carrell, Sherri Rose, Zhuo Shi, Julia Greer, Robert Schoen und Ateev Mehrotra. „Endoscopist factors that influence serrated polyp detection: a multicenter study“. Endoscopy 50, Nr. 10 (24.04.2018): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0597-1740.
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Abstract Background Serrated polyps are important colorectal cancer precursors that are variably detected during colonoscopy. We measured serrated polyp detection rate (SPDR) in a large, multicenter, cross-sectional study of colonoscopy quality to identify drivers of SPDR variation. Methods Colonoscopy and pathology reports were collected for a 2-year period (10/2013-9/2015) from four sites across the United States. Data from reports, including size, location, and histology of polyps, were abstracted using a validated natural language processing algorithm. SPDR was defined as the proportion of colonoscopies with ≥ 1 serrated polyp (not including hyperplastic polyps). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine endoscopist characteristics associated with serrated polyp detection. Results A total of 104 618 colonoscopies were performed by 201 endoscopists who varied with respect to specialty (86 % were gastroenterologists), sex (18 % female), years in practice (range 1 – 51), and number of colonoscopies performed during the study period (range 30 – 2654). The overall mean SPDR was 5.1 % (SD 3.8 %, range 0 – 18.8 %). In multivariable analysis, gastroenterology specialty training (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.33 – 2.70), fewer years in practice (≤ 9 years vs. ≥ 27 years: OR 1.52, 95 %CI 1.14 – 2.04)], and higher procedure volumes (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR 1.77, 95 %CI 1.27 – 2.46)] were independently associated with serrated polyp detection. Conclusions Gastroenterology specialization, more recent completion of training, and greater procedure volume are associated with serrated polyp detection. These findings imply that both repetition and training are likely to be important contributors to adequate detection of these important cancer precursors. Additional efforts to improve SPDR are needed.
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Chen, Yen-Tyng, Marynia Kolak, Dustin T. Duncan, Phil Schumm, Stuart Michaels, Kayo Fujimoto und John A. Schneider. „Neighbourhoods, networks and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness: a multilevel analysis of a sample of young black men who have sex with men“. Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, Nr. 3 (05.12.2018): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053639.
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ObjectiveYoung black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in the USA represent a subgroup that has the highest HIV incidence among the overall population. In the USA, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention intervention to prevent HIV acquisition when taken regularly. Neighbourhood and network factors may relate to PrEP awareness, but have not been studied in YBMSM. This study aimed to examine the relationship of neighbourhood and network characteristics with PrEP awareness among YBMSM.MethodsWe used data collected from a sample of 618 YBMSM in Chicago (2013–2014). Home addresses were collected for participants and enumerated network members. Administrative data (eg, 2014 American Community Survey, Chicago Department of Public Health) were used to describe residence characteristics. Network member characteristics were also collected (eg, sexual partners’ sex-drug use, confidant network members who were also MSM). Multilevel analysis was performed to examine the relationships of neighbourhood and network characteristics to PrEP awareness.ResultsHigher neighbourhood-level educational attainment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.02, p=0.03) and greater primary care density (aOR 1.38, p=0.01) were associated with greater PrEP awareness; greater neighbourhood alcohol outlet density (aOR 0.52, p=0.004) was associated with less PrEP awareness. Sexual network members residing in the same neighbourhood as the participants (aOR 2.58, p=0.03) and discussions around avoiding HIV acquisition with confidants (aOR 2.26, p=0.04) were associated with greater PrEP awareness.ConclusionsThe results suggest that neighbourhood and network characteristics can influence PrEP awareness in YBMSM. Additional studies are needed to understand the influences of neighbourhood (eg, MSM serving venues) and network (eg, peer to peer communication) characteristics on dissemination of PrEP information, uptake and adherence and the related mechanisms behind the associations.
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Pereira, Ricardo B., Agnaldo DF Carvalho, Jadir B. Pinheiro, Giovani O. Silva und Jairo V. Vieira. „Avaliação de híbridos experimentais de cenoura no Distrito Federal“. Horticultura Brasileira 33, Nr. 1 (März 2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620150000100006.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial agronômico de 24 híbridos de cenoura, sendo nove obtidos pelo cruzamento entre linhagens de origem tropical (grupo Brasília: CNPH-520 e CNPH-536) e temperada (macho-estéreis: CNPH-610, CNPH-664, CNPH-633, CNPH-712 e CNPH-671) e 15 obtidos do cruzamento entre linhagens de origem tropical (CNPH-1 a CNPH-15) e a linhagem macho-estéril CNPH-612. Entre 2011 e 2012 foram realizados dois experimentos em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em que a parcela experimental consistiu de três fileiras duplas espaçadas por 20 cm, com 10 cm entre linhas. A queima-das-folhas ocorreu de forma natural no campo e foi avaliada 90 dias após a semeadura. Os rendimentos agronômicos foram avaliados 100 dias após a semeadura. No primeiro experimento os híbridos CNPH-610×CNPH-536, CNPH-712×CNPH-536 e CNPH-610×CNPH-520 apresentaram menores severidades da doença, enquanto CNPH-610×CNPH-520 e os híbridos CNPH-664×CNPH-520 e CNPH-671×CNPH-520 apresentaram as maiores produções de raízes comerciais e menores produções de raízes refugo. Os híbridos não diferiram entre si em relação ao peso e comprimento médio de raízes. No segundo experimento, os híbridos CNPH-612×CNPH-2, CNPH-612×CNPH-6, CNPH-612×CNPH-10 e CNPH-612×CNPH-11 apresentaram resultados superiores para todas as características avaliadas (resistência à queima-das-folhas, produção de raízes comerciais e refugo, peso, comprimento e diâmetro médio de raízes), seguidos de CNPH-612×CNPH-3, que apresentou inferior comprimento médio de raízes.
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Xu, Qingdong, Liping Xiong, Li Fan, Fenghua Xu, Yan Yang, Huiyan Li, Xuan Peng et al. „Association of Pulmonary Hypertension with Mortality in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients“. Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 35, Nr. 5 (September 2015): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00332.
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Background The prognostic value of pulmonary hypertension at the start of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patient survival is unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of incident patients who initiated PD therapy from January 2007 to December 2011, and followed up through June 2013. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as an estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of ≥ 35 mm Hg using echocardiography. Clinical parameters and laboratory findings were compared between patients with and without pulmonary hypertension and a logistic regression model was elaborated. Patient outcomes (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality) were recorded during follow-up. Survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the influences of pulmonary hypertension on outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression models. Results Pulmonary hypertension was prevalent in 99 (16.0%) of the 618 patients studied. The independent risk factors for pulmonary hypertension were female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29 – 3.46), left atrial diameter (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10 – 1.20), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 – 0.99), and serum sodium (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89 – 0.99). Over a median follow-up of 29.4 months, 93 patients (15.0%) died, 59.1% of them due to cardiovascular disease. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with pulmonary hypertension had worse overall rates of survival and cardiovascular death-free survival than those without pulmonary hypertension. After multivariate adjustment, pulmonary hypertension was independently associated with increased risk for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.10 (95% CI: 1.35 – 3.27) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.48 – 4.56), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension at the start of PD was common and associated with increased risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident PD patients.
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Bright, T. J. „Transforming User Needs into Functional Requirements for an Antibiotic Clinical Decision Support System“. Applied Clinical Informatics 04, Nr. 04 (2013): 618–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2013-08-ra-0058.
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SummaryBackground: Many informatics studies use content analysis to generate functional requirements for system development. Explication of this translational process from qualitative data to functional requirements can strengthen the understanding and scientific rigor when applying content analysis in informatics studies.Objectives: To describe a user-centered approach transforming emergent themes derived from focus group data into functional requirements for informatics solutions and to illustrate these methods to the development of an antibiotic clinical decision support system (CDS).Methods: The approach consisted of five steps: 1) identify unmet therapeutic planning information needs via Focus Group Study-I, 2) develop a coding framework of therapeutic planning themes to refine the domain scope to antibiotic therapeutic planning, 3) identify functional requirements of an antibiotic CDS system via Focus Group Study-II, 4) discover informatics solutions and functional requirements from coded data, and 5) determine the types of information needed to support the antibiotic CDS system and link with the identified informatics solutions and functional requirements.Results: The coding framework for Focus Group Study-I revealed unmet therapeutic planning needs. Twelve subthemes emerged and were clustered into four themes; analysis indicated a need for an antibiotic CDS intervention. Focus Group Study-II included five types of information needs. Comments from the Barrier/Challenge to information access and Function/Feature themes produced three informatics solutions and 13 functional requirements of an antibiotic CDS system. Comments from the Patient, Institution, and Domain themes generated required data elements for each informatics solution.Conclusions: This study presents one example explicating content analysis of focus group data and the analysis process to functional requirements from narrative data. Illustration of this 5-step method was used to develop an antibiotic CDS system, resolving unmet antibiotic prescribing needs. As a reusable approach, these techniques can be refined and applied to resolve unmet information needs with informatics interventions in additional domains.Citation: Bright TJ. Transforming user needs into functional requirements for an antibiotic clinical decision support system: explicating content analysis for system design. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 618–635http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0058
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Al-Saidi, Mejbel, und Bader Al-Shammari. „Ownership concentration, ownership composition and the performance of the Kuwaiti listed non-financial firms“. International Journal of Commerce and Management 25, Nr. 1 (02.03.2015): 108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcoma-07-2013-0065.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure (ownership concentration and ownership composition) and firm performance in Kuwaiti non-financial firms. To this end, it examines the relationship between firm performance and ownership concentration to determine whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the nature of the large shareholders. Design/methodology/approach – First, the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance was tested using ordinary least squares regressions on 618 observations (103 listed firms) from 2005 to 2010; next, the ownership compositions were classified as institutional, government and individuals (families) and their impact on firm performance examined. Findings – The overall concentration ownership by large shareholders showed no impact on firm performance. However, when the type of shareholders was introduced, only the government and individuals (families) ownership categories influenced firm performance. Therefore, certain types of shareholders are better at monitoring, and not all concentration by large shareholders is beneficial to Kuwaiti firms. Research limitations/implications – This study examined only one important aspect of the corporate governance mechanisms, namely, ownership concentration. Thus, further study may include other mechanisms such as board variables, role of debt and shareholders rights in examining the firm performance. This study is limited to the Kuwaiti environment, and thus, next step can be very useful in case of comparing ownership concentration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia) or across different Arab countries. Practical implications – The results of this study have important implications for the regulators in Kuwait in their efforts to increase the efficiency of the rapidly developing capital markets and in protecting investors and keeping confidence in the economy. They may mandate a corporate governance code to protect minority shareholders. Investors may use the findings to understand Kuwaiti companies. Such findings may assist them to diversify their investment portfolios. Originality/value – This paper extends literature review by investigating the role of large shareholders in the context of a developing country that is characterized by high level of ownership concentration and weak legal protection for investors as well as the absence of code that organized the corporate governance practices.
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Sigmund, Irene K., Markus Luger, Reinhard Windhager und Martin A. McNally. „Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections“. Bone & Joint Research 11, Nr. 9 (01.09.2022): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.119.bjr-2022-0078.r1.
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Aims This study evaluated the definitions developed by the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) 2021, the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2013, for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods In this single-centre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, patients with an indicated revision surgery after a total hip or knee arthroplasty were included between 2015 and 2020. A standardized diagnostic workup was performed, identifying the components of the EBJIS, ICM, and IDSA criteria in each patient. Results Of 206 included patients, 101 (49%) were diagnosed with PJI with the EBJIS definition. IDSA and ICM diagnosed 99 (48%) and 86 (42%) as infected, respectively. A total of 84 cases (41%) had an infection based on all three criteria. In 15 cases (n = 15/206; 7%), PJI was present when applying only the IDSA and EBJIS criteria. No infection was detected by one definition alone. Inconclusive diagnoses occurred more frequently with the ICM criteria (n = 30/206; 15%) compared to EBJIS (likely infections: n = 16/206; 8%) (p = 0.029). A better preoperative performance of the EBJIS definition was seen compared with the ICM and IDSA definitions (p < 0.001). Conclusion The novel EBJIS definition identified all PJIs diagnosed by any other criteria. Use of the EBJIS definition significantly reduced the number of uncertain diagnoses, allowing easier clinical decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):608–618.
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Нелюбина, Ж. С., Н. И. Касаткина und И. Ш. Фатыхов. „FORMATION OF DRY MASS BY AGROPHYTOCENOSIS OF PERENNIAL GRASSES BASED ON TETRAPLOID RED CLOVER“. Niva Povolzh`ia, Nr. 3(56) (17.12.2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36461/np.2020.56.3.005.
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В полевом кормопроизводстве Среднего Предуралья основной кормовой культурой остается клевер луговой, который используется как в одновидовых, так и в поливидовых посевах. Особую ценность представляет клевер луговой тетраплоидного типа, так как он более урожайный, зимостойкий, устойчивый к болезням, обеспечивающий выход корма с высоким содержанием сырого протеина. Определение площади листьев, фотосинтетической активности, динамики накопления сухого вещества клевера лугового тетраплоидного в агрофитоценозах мало исследованы, но имеют практический интерес. В 2013-2017 гг. в Удмуртском НИИСХ УдмФИЦ УрО РАН на дерново-подзолистых почвах были изучены особенности формирования сухой массы агрофитоценозов многолетних трав на основе клевера лугового Кудесник. Для создания поливидовых агроценозов использовали тимофеевку луговую, люцерну изменчивую, лядвенец рогатый, козлятник восточный. Площадь листьев изменялась в зависимости от состава агрофитоценоза от 34,4 тыс. м2/га в фазе ветвления до 107,2 тыс. м2/га в фазе бутонизации. Основной вклад в формирование ассимиляционной поверхности травосмесей вносил клевер луговой – 66,7-92,4 %. Фотосинтетический потенциал был наибольшим – 948-1034 тыс. м2 х сут. /га в травосмесях клевер + тимофеевка, клевер + люцерна и в одновидовом посеве клевера. Определение динамики накопления сухого вещества показало, что в период «ветвление-бутонизация» происходил наибольший прирост сухого вещества. Сбор сухого вещества в эту фазу составил 525-647 г/м2, при этом в смешанных посевах данный показатель был существенно выше, чем в одновидовом посеве клевера. К фазе цветения произошло снижение сухого вещества до 474-618 г/м2. Урожайность сухой массы агрофитоценозов на 67-76 % формировалась за счет первого укоса. Наиболее продуктивной (4,7 т/га) в первом укосе была травосмесь клевера с тимофеевкой. In the field fodder production of the Middle Urals, red clover remains the main fodder crop, which is used both in single-species and polyspecies crops. The tetraploid type red clover is of particular value, as it is more productive, winter-hardy, disease-resistant, providing a feed yield with a high crude protein content. Determination of leaf area, photosynthetic activity, dynamics of accumulation of dry matter of red tetraploid clover in agrophytocenoses has been little studied, but of practical interest. In 2013-2017 In the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, on sod-podzolic soils, formation specifics of dry mass of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses based on Kudesnik red clover were studied. To create polyspecies agrocenoses, we used timothy grass, alfalfa, Lotus corniculatus, and Eastern galega. The leaf area varied depending on the composition of the agrophytocenosis from 34.4 thousand m2/ha in the branch stage to 107.2 thousand m2/ha in the flower bud stage. The main contribution to the formation of the assimilation surface of grass mixtures was made by red clover (66.7-92.4%). The photosynthetic potential was the highest (948-1034 thousand m2 x day/ha) in grass mixtures clover + timothy grass, clover + alfalfa and in single-species sowing of clover. Determination of the dynamics of the accumulation of dry matter showed that in the branch-bud period there was the greatest increase in dry matter. The yield of dry matter in this stage was 525-647 g/m2, while in mixed crops this indicator was significantly higher than in single-species clover crops. By the flowering stage, the dry matter decreased to 474-618 g/m2. The yield of dry matter of agrophytocenoses was 67-76% formed due to the first mow. The most productive (4.7 t/ha) in the first mow was a mixture of clover with timothy grass.
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Sulaiman, Mohamad I., und Salam K. Khamas. „Correction to “A Singly Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna With a Wideband Circular Polarization” [2010 615-618]“. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2101790.
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Zakaria Muchtar, Febrian Tito, und Tika Widiastuti. „Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penghimpunan Zakat: Studi di Empat Negara ASEAN“. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, Nr. 5 (30.09.2022): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20225pp658-671.
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ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki secara empiris pengaruh dari variabel makroekonomi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), dan jumlah penduduk terhadap penghimpunan zakat di ASEAN periode 2010-2020. Faktor makroekonomi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi Inflasi dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan regresi data panel untuk mengestimasi model empiris dengan melibatkan empat negara di ASEAN diantaranya Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Brunei Darussalam. Dalam artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa model terbaik yang digunakan yakni Fixed Effect Model. Hasil penelitian artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel IPM dan jumlah penduduk memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penghimpunan zakat pada empat negara di ASEAN. Sementara untuk variabel makroekonomi yang diproksikan dengan inflasi dan PDB menunjukkan hasil bahwa tingkat inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan, sedangkan PDB memiliki pengaruh negatif dan secara statistik signifikan terhadap penghimpunan zakat. Adapun rekomendasi yang diungkapkan dalam artikel ini yang ditujukan untuk lembaga pengelola zakat masing-masing negara adalah dengan menciptakan sebuah program kerja zakat yang dapat memaksimalkan potensi zakat masing-masing negara, namun harus disertai dengan adanya dukungan dari pemerintah melalui kebijakan yang dikeluarkan sehingga dapat memaksimalkan penghimpunan zakat di empat negara tersebut. Kata kunci: Penghimpunan Zakat, Makroekonomi, Indek Pembangunan Manusia, Jumlah Penduduk. ABSTRACT This article aims to empirically investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables, the Human Development Index (HDI), and population on zakat collection in ASEAN for the 2010-2020 period. Macroeconomic factors used in this study include Inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The approach used in this study is quantitative using panel data regression to estimate the empirical model involving four countries in ASEAN including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei Darussalam. This article also finds that the best model used is the Fixed Effect Model. The results of this article show that the HDI variable and population have a positive and significant influence on zakat collection in four ASEAN countries. Meanwhile, the macroeconomic variables proxied by inflation and GDP show that the inflation rate does not have a significant effect, while GDP has a negative and statistically significant effect on zakat collection. The recommendations expressed in this article aimed at zakat management institutions in each country are to create a zakat work program that can maximize the zakat potential of each country, but must be accompanied by support from the government through policies issued so as to maximize the collection of zakat. zakat in these four countries. Keywords: Collection of Zakat, Macroeconomics, Human Development Index, Population. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Afifah, N. (2017). Pengaruh produk domestik bruto (PDB) dan indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) terhadap jumlah penghimpunan dana zakat, infaq dan shadaqah (ZIS) di Indonesia tahun 2010 - 2015. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Tulungagung: UIN SATU. Ahmad, Z. M. (2011). Pengaruh indikator makroekonomi terhadap besarnya jumlah zakat yang terkumpul di lembaga amil zakat dompet dhuafa republika tahun 1993 – 2009. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Depok: Universitas Indonesia. Ahmaddien, I., & Susanto, B. (2020). Eviews 9: Analisis regresi data panel. Gorontalo: Ideas Publishing. Aksar, N. Al. (2019). Pengaruh variabel ekonomi makro dan mikro terhadap jumlah penerimaan zakat di Indonesia. Tesis tidak dipublikasikan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia. Armina, S. H., & A’yun, A. A. (2019). Pengaruh inflasi, kurs dollar, dan bi 7-day repo rate terhadap penghimpunan zakat (Periode 2015-2018). Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 5(2), 151-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/al%20iqtishadiyah.v5i2.2411 Azam, M., Iqbal, N., & Tayyab, M. (2014). Zakat and economic development: Micro and macro level evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 3(2), 85–95. Beik, I. S. (2015). Towards international standardization of zakat system. Fiqh Zakat International Conference, December, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4490.1207 DetikEdu. (2021). 3 Negara di Asia Tenggara dengan Penduduk Mayoritas Islam. Retrieved from. https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5718027/3-negara-di-asia-tenggara-dengan-penduduk-mayoritas-islam Diniati, B. T. (2021). Pengaruh bi rate, penanaman modal dalam negeri, produk domestik bruto, jumlah penduduk, indeks produksi industri terhadap penghimpunan dana zakat di indonesia tahun 2015.01-2019.12. Journal of Economic and Policy Studies, 2(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.21274/jeps.2021.2.1.44-55 Dornbusch, R., & Stanley, F. (2003). Moderate inflation. World Bank Economic Review, 7, 1–44. Dwitama, R. B., & Widiastuti, T. (2016). Pengaruh indikator makroekonomi: Infasi dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap jumlah zakat terkumpul di lembaga amil zakat dompet dhuafa periode 1997-2013. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 3(7), 584-599. Eko, S., Aslam, M., & Harun, A. (2017). Zakat and SDGs : Impact zakat on human development in the five states of Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat, 2(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.15 Fahmi, Z., & Muhammad Nur, M. (2018). Pengaruh pengetahuan, pendapatan, dan kepercayaan, terhadap minat muzakki dalam membayar zakat di baitul mal kota Lhokseumawe. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional Unimal, 1(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.29103/jeru.v1i3.592 Febrianti. (2011). Praktek pengelolaan zakat di negara Muslim (Studi Kasus Pada Negara Brunei Darussalam). Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Global Religious Futures. (2021). The future of the global Muslim population. Retrieved from http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/religions/muslims Harjanto, I. (2011). Teori pembangunan. Malang: UB Press. Hidayatie, H. (2018). Analisis pengelolaan zakat di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan: Banjarmasin: Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin. Hutabarat, A. R. (2005). Determinan Inflasi Indonesia. Occasional Paper no. 6/2, Biro Riset Ekonomi, Direktorat Riset Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Moneter Bank Indonesia. Islamiyati, D., & Hany, I. H. (2019). Pengaruh inflasi, indeks produksi industri, dan kurs terhadap penghimpunan zakat, infaq, dan sedekah. Telaah Bisnis, 20(2), 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35917/tb.v20i2.167 Junaidi, & Hardiani. (2009). Dasar-dasar teori ekonomi kependudukan. Jakarta: Hamada Prima. Kahf, M. (1999). Principle of socioeconomics justice in the contemporary fiqh of zakah. Retrieved from http://monzer.kahf.com/papers/english/socioeconomic_justice.pdf Kusmono, H. (2011). Analisis determinan penerimaan pajak di Indonesia. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kusumawardhani, N. M. S., Srinadi, I. G. A. M., & Susilawati, M. (2012). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi PDB Indonesia dengan persamaan simultan 2SLS. E-Jurnal Matematika, 1(1), 99–102. https://doi.org/10.24843/MTK.2012.v01.i01.p018 Mankiw, N. G. (2007). Principles of economics. Singapore: Cengage Learning. McEachern, W. A. (2000). Ekonomi makro: Pendekatan kontemporer. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Mu’is, F. (2011). Zakat A-Z; Panduan mudah, lengkap dan praktis tentang zakat. Solo: Tinta Medina. Nasim Shah, S., & Amin, B. (2009). Providing for the resource shortfall for poverty elimination through potential zakat collection in OIC-member countries: Reappraised. Jounal of Islamic Economic Banking and Finance. Nasrulloh, A. (2012). Peran zakat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di provinsi daerah istimewa Yogyakarta. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia. Nasution, L. (2005). Fiqih 1. Tangerang Selatan: Logos. Niswah, I. D. (2021). The comparison of zakat utilization in Muslim minority and majority country. Islamic Social Finance, 1(1), 1-6. Niswah, I. D., Marlina, L., & Rahayu, S. S. (2020). A review of zakat studies in ASEAN. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Indonesia, 2(April), 1–13. Omar, N. (2020). The growth trend of zakat collection based on gold price, nisab and macroeconomic variables. E-Proceeding: Seminar Antarabangsa Islam Dan Sains (SAIS 2020). Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Pratiwi, I. (2019). Analisis pengaruh inflasi, nilai tukar rupiah dan jumlah penduduk terhadap penghimpunan dana zakat infaq dan shadaqah (ZIS) di Indonesia tahun 2003-2015. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Puskas BAZNAS. (2021). Outlook zakat 2021. Retrieved from https://puskasbaznas.com/publications/books/1418-outlook-zakat-indonesia-2021 Rahayu, A., Harto, P. P., & Syamsul Bahri, E. (2021). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on zakah receipt during the covid-19 pandemic era. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 6(2), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.22219/jes.v6i1.16394 Ratu, M. K., & Meiriasari, V. (2021). Analisis perbandingan audit syariah pada lembaga keuangan islam di Asia Tenggara (Studi literatur di Indonesia, Malaysia, Dan Brunei). Jurnal Proaksi, 8(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.32534/jpk.v8i1.1526 Rusmawati, R. (2019). Analisis pengaruh produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM), upah minimum regional (UMR) dan jumlah penduduk terhadap penghimpunan zakat infaq dan shodaqoh (ZIS) di Indonesia tahun 2012-2016. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Saadillah, R., Kusnendi., & Firmansyah. (2019). Impact of inflation, interest rate, and industrial production index (IPI) on the amount of zakat in central baznas period 2011-2017. KnE Social Sciences, 3(13), 1371. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i13.4291 Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2004). Ilmu makroekonomi. Surabaya: Media Global Edukasi. Sari, W. I., Nasution, L. N., & Novalina, A. (2021). Analisis leading indicator kebijakan moneter dalam mengatasi kemiskinan di 5 negara Asia Tenggara. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 6(2), 610–618. Senawi, A. R., Isa, M. P. M., & Harun, A. (2018). ZakāT collection and the effects of the macroeconomic factors: Malaysia evidence. Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference, July, 607–614. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.05.49 Sitinjak, N. D. (2016). Dampak inflasi, pertumbuhan jumlah pekerja, dan pertumbuhan PDB per kapita terhadap penerimaan pajak. Eksis: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.26533/eksis.v11i2.41 Subardi, H. M. P., Sukmadilaga, C., & Yuliafitri, I. (2020). Analisis tingkat efisiensi badan pengelola zakat di tiga negara ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura). Islamiconomic: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 11(1), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.32678/ijei.v11i1.139 Sukirno, S. (2013). Makro ekonomi, teori pengantar. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. UNDP. (1993). Human development report. New York: UNDP UNDP. (2013). Human development report. New York: UNDP
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Vogt, Mara, Maurício Leite, Paulo Roberto Da Cunha und Vanderlei Dos Santos. „Relação entre honorários de auditoria e de honorários de não auditoria com o desempenho econômico de empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA“. Contabilidad y Negocios 10, Nr. 19 (01.07.2015): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/contabilidad.201501.004.
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O estudo objetiva verificar a relação entre honorários de auditoria e de honorários de não auditoria com o desempenhoeconômico de empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Para tanto, realizouse uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa por meio da correlação canônica no período de 2010 a 2013. A população do estudo foi de 615 empresas e a amostra compreendeu 319 empresas em 2010, 312 em 2011, 307 em 2012 e 282 empresas em 2013. Os resultados demonstram que quanto menor os honorários de auditoria e os honorários de não auditoria, maior será o ROA e menor será o ROE das empresas analisadas. As variáveis de controle, tamanho da empresa auditada, nível de governança corporativa e empresa de auditoria (BIG4) apresentaram relação com o desempenho econômico, porém, somente o tamanho da empresa apresentou relação positiva. A única variável independente que teve força de associação alta com o desempenho econômico foi o tamanho da empresa. O ROA também se destacou com força de associação acima de moderada em todos os anos. Concluise que houve relação entre os honorários de auditoria e honorários de não audi-toria com o desempenho econômico.
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Rahman, Md Atiar, Md Shahadot Hossain Sheikh, Md Ibrahim Siddique, Md Shahidul Islam, AKM Ahsan Ullah und Khondker Manjoor Morshed. „Laparoscopic Versusopen Appendectomy - Which One Is Better?“ Journal of Surgical Sciences 17, Nr. 1 (27.10.2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jss.v17i1.43697.
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Objective: Appendectomy, being the most common surgical procedure performed in general surgery, is still being performed by both open and laparoscopic methods due to a lack of consensus as to which is the most appropriate method. Because further trials are necessary and few such studies have been performed in developing countries, we decided to evaluate the outcomes of the 2 procedures to share our experience with others.
Methods: Prospectively collected data from 618 consecutive patients with appendicitis were studied. These comprised of 340 patients who underwent conventional open appendectomy and 260 patients treated laparoscoplcally&18 were excluded because of protocol violations. The two groups were compared with respect to operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, return to normal work, complication rate and cost.
Results: There were no statistical differences regarding patient characteristics between the two groups. Conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 5 patients (1.88%). Laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with a shorter hospital stay (1.5 d vs 2.5 d), lower incidence of wound infection (3.07% vs 8.29%,) &less analgesia requirement. The operative time was more (45.6 vs 24.5 min) and the cost of treatment was higher in the laparoscopic group.
Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique is a safe and clinically beneficial operative procedure. It provides certain advantages over open appendectomy, ·including short hospital stay, decreased requirement .of postoperative analgesia, early food tolerance, and earlier return to normal activities, Where feasible, laparoscopy should be undertaken as the initial procedure of choice for most cases of appendicitis.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2013) Vol. 17 (1) : 7-13
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Kurek, Koleta, Krzysztof Isajenko, Barbara Piotrowska, Aneta Łukaszek-Chmielewska und Paweł Lipiński. „IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE CHANGE ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF RAW MATERIALS AND BUILDING MATERIALS IN TERMS OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 1, Nr. 88 (12.12.2023): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1459.
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Natural radioactivity is present in the human environment to a greater or lesser extent, also in varioustypes of raw or building materials. Monitoring of the concentration of natural radioactive isotopesof potassium 40K, radium 226Ra and thorium 228Th or 232Th in samples of raw and/or constructionmaterials allows assessing the exposure of people to ionizing radiation emitted by these materials.Exceeding the limit value of the radioactive concentration index for raw and/or building materials,defined in the Ordinance of the Council of Ministers (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. No. 33/2021),may result in an effective radiation dose greater than 1 mSv/year – the dose limit for the population.In Poland, pertinent legislation requiring the establishing of the natural radioactivity of raw and/orbuilding materials dates back to the 1970s and has been changed several times by now. However, themost significant changes in the legislation have occurred recently. Due to the obligation of imposingthe application of the provisions of the of European Council 2013/59/EURATOM of 5 December2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against risks arising from exposure to theeffects of ionizing and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/ Euratom, 96/29/Euratom,97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom (the so-called BSS version), it was necessary to adopt theamendment to the Atomic Law. The implementation of the BSS Directive in Poland was issued on thebasis of the resolution of the Parliament of June 13, 2019 amending the Atomic Law Act and the FireProtection Act (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. 2019, item 1593). The amendment of the Atomic LawActs led to the harmonisation of regulations on radioactivity in raw and building materials betweenPoland and the Member States. This article presents the impact of an amendment of the AtomicLaw and of the accompanying normative acts on the studies of the natural radioactivity of raw andconstruction materials, using the example of an analysis of the concentration of natural radioactiveisotopes present in the coal combustion products (CCP), i.e. fly ash, slags and ash-slag mixtures.
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Girella, Laura, Mario Abela und Elisa Rita Ferrari. „Conceptual shifts in accounting: Transplanting the notion of boundary from financial to non-financial reporting“. FINANCIAL REPORTING, Nr. 1 (Februar 2018): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2018-001005.
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In 1998 Miller, in his paper titled "The margins of accounting" observed that "By looking at the margins of accounting, we can understand how this influential body of expertise is formed and transformed" (Miller, 1998: 618). Drawing on this analogy, the boundaries of reporting and the ways these are defined and re-defined, as a consequence of the relationships organisations form with other entities from time to time, and their substantive nature provide insights about the business and its business model. Accordingly, an examination of reporting boundaries helps to better understand and appreciate the objective of an organisation, the logic that underlies its business model and how that is ‘reflected' and communicated through the reporting entity's financial statements - which may or may not align with the boundaries of the ‘organisation'. Despite the relevance of reporting boundaries as a critical aspect of the accounting discipline, it remains a relatively unexplored area in the literature. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to offer an initial overview on how the boundaries of reporting have (not) changed in response to the broadening scope of reporting to address both financial and ‘non-financial' information (e.g. sustainability, governance and intangibles) and attempts to promote greater integration between both sets of information (IIRC, 2013). In particular, the analysis draws on the interpretative schemes of Zambon (1996) and Zambon and Zan (2000) and is combined with the concept of ‘transplantation'. The manner in which reporting boundaries are defined for both financial and non-financial reporting is investigated and compared. This comparison enables similarities and differences between the definition of the ‘reporting boundary' to be problematised and explored for both financial and non-financial reporting.
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Bašković, Marko, Lucija Vucković, Marta Borić Krakar, Arnes Rešić, Nikolina Benco Kordić und Antun Kljenak. „Influence of Obesity in Children with Supracondylar Humeral Fractures Requiring Surgical Treatment at a Tertiary Pediatric Trauma Center“. Healthcare 11, Nr. 12 (16.06.2023): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121783.
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Background: Almost everywhere in the world, childhood obesity is becoming a serious public health problem with negative effects on both children’s health and society as a whole. The main objective of this study was to determine whether obesity has an effect on the severity of supracondylar humerus fracture in children, regardless of whether it is a low- or high-energy trauma. Methods: The electronic records of patients treated for the supracondylar fracture of the humerus in the ten-year period from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: In the observed period, 618 children, including 365 (59.06%) boys and 253 (40.94%) girls, were hospitalized and treated surgically with the diagnosis of supracondylar fracture. The distributions according to the observed parameters were as follows: age (months) = 88.18 ± 32.64; height (cm) = 123.42 ± 16.83; weight (kg) = 27.18 ± 11.32; body mass index = 17.18 ± 3.06; body mass index-for-age percentile = 57.34 ± 32.11. Overall, 141 (22.82%) fractures were classified as Gartland II, while 477 (77.18%) were classified as Gartland III. A total of 66 (10.68%) fractures were flexion type, while 552 (89.32%) were extension type. The left elbow was affected in 401 (64.89%) children, while the right was affected in 217 (35.11%) children. The main mechanism of injury was a fall at ground level (33.33%). In relation to gender, a statistically significant difference was recorded in body mass index and percentile (p < 0.05). According to Gartland, the proportion of children below and above the 85th percentile in relation to the type of injury was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was determined that the energy level does not significantly influence the injury’s severity: p(GII) = 0.225; p(GIII) = 0.180. Conclusions: In our study, we found that the proportion of overweight and obese children requiring surgical treatment was higher in Gartland type III injury, so there is no doubt that as a society we must prevent further increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity for this reason as well.
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Kedun, Ivan, und Oleksiy Parkhomenko. „ON THE LOCALISATION OF THE CRONICLE CITY UNENIZH“. City History, Culture, Society, Nr. 1 (14.06.2017): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2016.01.077.
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The article explores the problem of localization of the chronicle city of Uneniz, which, from one of the existing points of view, relates the origin of the modern city of Nizhyn. The authors analyze the historiography of this issue (MM Karamzin, MA Maksimovich, OM Lazarevsky, MP Vasilenko, MN Petrovsky, etc.) and provide data on the history of the archaeological study of the area traditionally identified with Unizez. It is an archaeological study in the residential district of the modern Nezhin in the tract of the Commune (primary place name - Gorodok) by V. Kovalenko (1981), who first tried to confirm the hypothesis of the presence of an ancient Russian settlement here, the excavation of Y. Sitogo (1989–1990) and I. Kedun and O. Parkhomenko (2011–2013). Based on the analysis of the available archaeological materials, the authors confirm the existence in the area of the Commune of the ancient Russian settlement. However, it had rather primitive fortifications (a moat with a palisade established at the bottom), most likely to have arisen in the XII century. and a rather small period was used. As such simple fortifications are atypical for the ancient settlements of Russia, it is concluded that it was most likely a fortified settlement.This thesis is supported by a comparative analysis of the number of ceramic fragments found in the Commune and in the settlement of Novo Mesto, which is closest to it. On the investigated 12.4 square meters of the New City the number of fragments of ceramic vessels was 618, while 87 square meters of excavations in the Commune, their number, together with the lifting material, amounted to 285 units. On the basis of such a comparison, we can speak of a weak saturation of the cultural layer in the territory of the Commune, which does not allow, according to the authors, to assume the existence of a large ancient Russian settlement here, which could be correlated with the Chronicle of Unise. However, the authors do not rule out that the future expansion of the research area may significantly change the findings.
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Moguchaia, Ekaterina, Dmitrii Usoltsev, Maria Boiarinova, Asiyat Alieva, Elena Vasilyeva, Oxana Rotar, Aleksandra Konradi, Evgengy Shlyakhto und Mykyta Artomov. „THE INVESTIGATION OF TRANSFERABILITY OF DEFINITIONS OF CARDIOMETABOLIC AND VASCULAR AGING PHENOTYPES ACROSS MULTIPLE COHORTS“. Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (Mai 2024): e162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001021000.84586.e0.
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Objective: According to the European guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (2021), Russia was identified as a country with a very high CV risk. We aimed to investigate the applicability of the standardized definitions of vascular aging phenotypes (VP) in Russian population and align them with the existing reference datasets. Design and method: In 2012-2013 1,600 residents of St. Petersburg (age 21-67) were randomly examined as a part of the multicenter epidemiological study. Anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, blood biochemistry analysis were taken. Subjects completed questionnaires describing their lifestyle, current health condition and medication usage. 618 patients (42% men) from initial cohort with a mean age of 48 [37;55] years were randomly subsampled for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity assessment (Sphygmocor). The VP were defined using the ‘Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness’ Collaboration database which included 16,867 measurements from eight European countries populations15 to 97 years. According to the criteria, patients with overt CVD, diabetes mellitus and the use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering therapy were excluded from the analysis of VP. Results: The Russian cohort had significantly higher prevalence of CVD (11,4% compared to 6,9% in the Nreference population, p=5.65x10-5), intake of antihypertensives (28,1% compared to 14,3% in the reference, p<1x10-16) and lipid-lowering therapy (6,1% compared to 4,1%, p=0.025, Figure 1A). Additionally, our cohort had significantly higher prevalence of optimal BP (40,2% vs 28%, p=4.6x10-7) and lower prevalence of first-degree (p=0.048) and second degree (p=0.00084) hypertension (Figure 1B). Comparison of the prevalence of VP between the European and Russian cohorts showed a significant decrease of the early vascular aging (EVA) phenotype with age in the Russian population (p=0.011). The prevalence of the supernormal vascular aging phenotype (SUPERNOVA) in the group of 60-69 years old was higher in the Russian population (p=0.0035) Conclusions: A higher prevalence of CVD was demonstrated in the study cohort despite lower hypertension burden and higher CV drugs intake compared to the European cohort. Multidirectional trajectories of EVA and SUPERNOVA VP with age were detected in Russian population, potentially indicating the presence of the clearing selection pressure at the older age (Agreement No 075-15-2022-301).
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Luger, Tessy, Monika A. Rieger, Rosina Bonsch, Bernhard Krämer, Robert Seibt und Benjamin Steinhilber. „Active and passive work breaks during simulated laparoscopy among laparoscopic surgeons: study protocol for a controlled, randomised cross-over laboratory trial“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 11 (November 2020): e038952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038952.
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IntroductionLaparoscopy has partially replaced open surgery due to the lower infection rate for the patient and hence better and shorter recovery. However, the surgeon’s physical load is higher due to longer duration static and awkward body postures, increasing the risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Interventions of an organisational nature are work breaks, being either passive or active. The primary objectives of this study are to determine whether passive and active work breaks lead to less discomfort than no work breaks and whether active work breaks lead to less discomfort than passive work breaks.Methods and analysisA controlled, randomised cross-over trial will be performed in the laboratory, of which its protocol is described here according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 Statement. Recruitment of 21 laparoscopic surgeons started in April 2019 and the study is ongoing. The participating surgeons will perform three 1.5 hour experimental conditions, one without work breaks, one with 2.5 min passive work breaks including rest, and one with 2.5 min active work breaks including mobility and stretching exercises. The work breaks will be taken after 30 and 60 min of work. During the experiments, outcomes will be recorded. The primary outcome is rating of perceived discomfort measured on an 11-point numeric rating scale. The secondary outcomes are performance, muscle activity of selected muscles, upper body angles, heart rate, workload and subjective evaluation of both interventions. The collected data will be tested using a one-way or two-factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of the study protocol was received by the local medical ethical committee of the University of Tübingen in February 2019 (no 618/2018BO2). The results of this study will be presented at national and international conferences, submitted for publications in peer-reviewed journals and serve as the starting point for a feasibility study.Trial registration numberNCT03715816.
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Zavratnik, Andrej, und Mitja Krajnc. „Analysis of pregnant women with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus without oral glucose tolerance test confirmation in early pregnancy“. Acta Medico-Biotechnica 11, Nr. 1 (29.11.2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actabiomed.159.
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Purpose: The aim of this analysis was to determine the proportion of pregnant women referred by gynaecologists to the outpatient diabetes clinic of the University Medical Centre Maribor with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on inappropriately measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Additionally, we wanted to compare pregnancy outcomes in subgroups diagnosed later as having GDM vs. no–GDM with oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy, but declared as “probably not having GDM” in early pregnancy.
Methods: We reviewed retrospectively data on 81 pregnancies referred to our centre, from August 2013 to July 2014, with a diagnosis of early GDM that we did not con-firm with OGTT retesting. After retesting, women were followed up routinely by a gynaecologist, but those with a diagnostic OGTT, performed in the 24th to 28th week, were referred back to a diabetologist.
Results: The age of the entire cohort was 30.5±4.7 years, and 91% were ≥25 years old; 40% were overweight before pregnancy. The period of fasting before FPG measurement was less than 8 hours in 36%. When comparing the GDM vs. no–GDM subgroups, a higher proportion of women with GDM were fasted for less than 8 hours before FPG measurement (75% vs. 32%; p=0.022), and birth weight was higher for women with GDM (3778±588 g vs. 3316±618 g; p=0.048). There were no differences in macrosomia, eclampsia, Caesarean delivery and birth trauma.
Conclusion: The accuracy of the diagnosis of early pregnancy GDM can be improved by following the FPG measurement protocol. When a single FPG in early pregnancy is near normal we suggest retesting with an OGTT. This approach probably has no adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes.
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Scheller Madrid, Alexander, Line Rode, Børge G. Nordestgaard und Stig E. Bojesen. „Short Telomere Length and Ischemic Heart Disease: Observational and Genetic Studies in 290 022 Individuals“. Clinical Chemistry 62, Nr. 8 (01.08.2016): 1140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.258566.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Short telomeres are associated with aging and have been associated with a high risk of ischemic heart disease in observational studies; however, the latter association could be due to residual confounding and/or reverse causation. We wanted to test the hypothesis that short telomeres are associated with high risk of ischemic heart disease using a Mendelian randomization approach free of reverse causation and of most confounding. METHODS We genotyped 3 genetic variants in OBFC1 (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding fold containing 1), TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), and TERC (telomerase RNA component), which code for proteins and RNA involved in telomere maintenance. We studied 105 055 individuals from Copenhagen; 17 235 of these individuals were diagnosed with ischemic heart disease between 1977 and 2013, and 66 618 had telomere length measured. For genetic studies, we further included the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM) consortium dataset, which included up to 184 967 participants and 60 837 cases of ischemic heart disease. We conducted multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for observational estimates, using logistic and instrumental variable analysis for genetic estimates. RESULTS Observationally, a 200-bp–shorter telomere length was associated with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for ischemic heart disease of 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.03). Per allele, telomeres were shorter by 67 bp (73–60). In meta-analyses of all 4 studies combined, odds ratios for ischemic heart disease were 1.05 (1.03–1.08) for OBCF1, 1.04 (1.02–1.06) for TERT, and 1.01 (0.99–1.03) for TERC. A genetically determined 200-bp–shorter telomere length was associated with an odds ratio for ischemic heart disease of 1.10 (1.06–1.14). CONCLUSIONS Shorter telomeres were associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, both observationally and genetically.
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Salina, E. S., N. S. Levgerova, I. A. Sidorova und O. D. Golyaeva. „Chemical and technological assessment of All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant cultivars for jellification“. Horticulture and viticulture, Nr. 6 (29.12.2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-6-46-55.
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The jellification capacity of 16 cultivars and 79 selected nurselings of redcurrant from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding collection was studied in order to identify the parental forms that can effectively produce well jellifying hybrids. Material processing and jellification assessment were carried out in compliance with the “Programme and Protocol for Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops Varietal Testing” (Orel, 1999) and GOST R 55462-2013. The assignment of cultivars into well-, medium- and poorly-jellifying categories revealed a declining average gustatory score from the well-jellifying towards the medium- and poorly-jellifying groups, (4.4, 4.3, 4.2 points, respectively), which indicates the significance of the jellification value in gustatory score. The well-jellifying cultivars were: Valentinovka, Podarok Leta and selected nurselings 78-2-100, 80-4-11, 164-22-88, 164-22-97 (4.6 points); Orlovskaya Zvezda, Dar Orla, Orlovchanka and nurselings 618-32-16, 79-1-89, 168-18-73, 84-1-105, 77-1-56, 164-22-41 (4.5 points). The jelly from the fruits of these varieties was characterized by a visually attractive dense jelly without separation (syneresis), as a result of which they can be recommended for obtaining natural pectin-containing products with or without the minimal use of additional gelling agents. Most of the trial cultivars were obtained by breeding of the Rote Shpetleze and Tchulkovskaya cultivars as paternal forms. Among the 46 siblings of the Rote Shpetleze cultivar, 28, 8, and 10 demonstrated good, medium and poor jellification capacities, respectively. Among the 25 siblings of the Tchulkovskaya cultivar, only three demonstrated good jellification, with three having medium jellification and the rest demonstrating poor jellifying capability. The majority of well-jellifying strains were obtained with Rote Shpetleze, which therefore can be recommended as parental material for creating varieties having a high fruit jellification capacity.
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Khadidja KERZABI-KANOUN, Nabila BELYAGOUBI-BENHAMMOU, Larbi BELYAGOUBI, Meriem BENMAHDJOUB, Ghania AISSAOUI, Wassila BENGHEDDA und Fawzia ATIK BEKKARA. „Antioxidant Activity of Brown Seaweed (Padina pavonica (L.) Extracts From the Algerian Mediterranean Coast“. Journal of Natural Product Research and Applications 1, Nr. 02 (03.12.2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v1i02.15.
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The crude methanolic extract, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions, tannins, saponins and polysaccharides of the marine brown alga, Padina pavonica, growing on the Algerian Mediterranean Coast were measured for antioxidant activity, using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents were determined. The total phenolic, proanthocyanidin and flavonoid contents of methanolic extract were about of 2.007 ± 0.104 mg GAE/g DM, 4.611 ± 0.346 mg CE/g DM and 1.132 ± 0.091 mg CE/g DM, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was higher (4.365 ± 0.452 mg AAE/g DM) in crude methanolic extract. For the other two tests, the tannins and ethyl acetate fraction presented high activities compared to the other extracts with EC50 about 1.430 ± 0.000 and 1.615 ± 0.009 mg/mL), respectively for the reducing power and 5.718 ± 1.111 and 5.848 ± 0.186 mg/mL for the DPPH radical scavenging. The seaweed extracts displayed moderate antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid.
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