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1
Teslyuk, Roman T., Nataliya I. Andrusyshyn und Mariya V. Bachynska. „The features of the USSR population reproduction in 1920–1930 in the demographic stability parameters“. Regional Economy, Nr. 2(100) (2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-2-11.
Annotation:
The 1932–1933 Holodomor genocide caused a significant reduction of the population and distorted the main parameters of the country’s demographic stability. To analyze the changes in the population by the longitudinal analysis method, the survival rates are calculated for age groups of the population in the intercensal periods. Calculations based on the data of 1926 and 1939 censuses show substantial inconsistencies in the survival rate for five female age groups within the range of 33-57 years old. Despite the 1932–1933 demographic catastrophe and taking into account the natural mortality before and after the Holodomor, the number of people in these age categories changed slightly and even increased for the 43-47 category. The authors prove that migration in the intercensal period couldn’t have caused such growth, and the calculated coefficients confirm the questionable quality of the 1939 census. The paper reveals that the first stage of demographic transition should have been in 1932–1933, yet historical-political and socio-economic conditions of demographic reproduction aggravated considerably in early 1930. The recovery of the high birth rate in 1937–1938 shows that the first stage of demographic transition wasn’t finalized. Calculation of the number of women in the most active childbirth age and analysis of birth rate for 1924–1929 shows that in 1930–1933, the birth rate should have increased. The calculated indirect demographic losses account 310,000-430,000 annually for 1930, 1931, 1937, and 1938, and from 630,000 to 1 million for 1932–1936. Such insignificant volume of indirect losses substantially reduced demographic stability, in the first place of Ukrainian village. The incomplete and questionable nature of demographic data after 1932 does not allow complete reconstruction of the demographic reproduction processes in the USSR in the 1930s. Archive data on the natural movement of the population on lover administrative-territorial levels, current statistical recordings, and recordings of the civil status acts on birth and mortality, etc. can be the perspective sources of demographic information.
2
Tremblay, Jonathan. „La contribution des conservateurs à la longue survie des organisations fascistes d’Adrien Arcand. Un élément d’explication“. Globe 18, Nr. 1 (04.11.2016): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037877ar.
Annotation:
De 1929 jusqu’à sa mort en 1967, Adrien Arcand assume la direction de l’Ordre patriotique des goglus (1929-1934), du Parti national social-chrétien (1934-1938) et du Parti de l’Unité nationale du Canada (1938-1940, 1947-1958, 1965-1967). Pendant ce temps, il publie plusieurs journaux, dont Le Goglu (1929-1933), Le Miroir (1929-1933), Le Chameau (1930-1932), Le Patriote (1933-1938), Le Fasciste canadien (1935-1938), Le Combat national (1938-1939), L’Unité nationale (1953-1958) et Serviam (1965-2001). Pour financer ses médias et ses mouvements politiques constamment déficitaires, Arcand se comporte comme un véritable mercenaire en rendant deux sortes de services aux conservateurs qui consentent à lui verser des subsides. Il leur offre en tout premier lieu ses talents d’éditorialiste en soutenant constamment leur politique dans ses journaux. Il demande, en second lieu, à ses disciples fascistes de militer en faveur de leur parti politique lors des campagnes électorales. C’est en concluant ce genre d’accords avec les principaux ténors du Parti conservateur du Canada et de l’Union nationale qu’Adrien Arcand a pu mener en toute impunité sa campagne antisémite et fasciste pendant plus de trente ans.
3
شاكر الكيم, حيدر ناظم. „النهج الجديد (1933-1938) للرئيس الأمريكي فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت“. Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, Nr. 31 (22.11.2018): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss31.645.
Annotation:
بعد الأزمة الإقتصادية المدمرة المعروف بالكساد الكبير (1929) وبقيت آثاره شاخص ومؤثرة حتى (1939)، التي ضربت الإقتصاد الأمريكي، وإمتدت آثارها إلى كل العالم، بادر الرئيس الجديد (فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت) فور فوزه بمنصب الرئاسة في (1932)، بإطلاق حملة إصلاحية إمتدت للمدة (1933- 1938) عرفت بـ(النهج الجديد)، روج لها خلال حملته الإنتخابية. جاءت تلك الحملة على مرحلتين من البرامج الهادفة والمتخصصة التي غطت شتى القطاعات الإقتصادية والإجتماعية، الأولى عرفت بـ(حملة الجديد الأولى)، والتي إستمرت تشريعاتها بالصدور للمدة (1933-1934)، وتم التركز في برامجها وتشريعاتها على مشاريع الإغاثة الآنية ذات التأثير العاجل والمؤقت لإيقاف التداعيات المتسارعة للإزمة الإقتصادية من إيقاف إنهيار سوق الأسهم وقيمة العملة تقليص عدد العاطلين عن العمل ولو بصورة مؤقتة. أما (حملة الجديد الثانية) التي إستمرت للمدة (1935-1938) حتى نهاية الركود الإقتصادي (1937-1938) وبروز بوادر الحرب العالمية الثانية. وكان التركيز في برامج هذه الحزمة من الإصلاحات على إيقاف العمل بمشاريع الطوارئ والبرامج المؤقتة، والإنتقال من مرحلة الإغاثة إلى مرحلة الإنعاش الإقتصادي الهادف لإيجاد أسس معالجة جديدة أعمق تأثيراً وأطول أمداً وتأسيس بنية إقتصادية أكثر متانة وفاعلية.
4
Markovskyi, Andrii. „PARALLELS OF GERMAN AVANT-GARDE ARCHITECTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN KYIV“. Current problems of architecture and urban planning, Nr. 58 (30.11.2020): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.302-313.
Annotation:
The article presents a comparative analysis of some key objects of German and Kyiv architecture of the early twentieth century to determine the corresponding trends. Parallels and identities are shown and noted. An analysis of the background and context is given, as well as the author's conclusions of the respective styles. In particular, German Werkbund, international Art Nouveau, Ukrainian architectural Art Nouveau, "New Objectivity", Bauhaus, functionalism, constructivism, post-constructivism, German and Soviet neoclassicism are mentioned.
Were analyzed in detail: The Fagus Factory (1910-1911) by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, Centennial Hall (1911-1913) by the Max Berg, the Kyiv district power plant (named after Stalin), (1926–1930) by Mikhailo Parusnikov with the participation of George Goltz and Andrey Burov, Rolit (1932) by Vasul. Krychesky, Ehrentempel (1933–1936) and The Haus der Kunst in Munich (1933 - 1937) by Paul Ludwig Troost, competitive proposals for the construction of the Government Quarter in Kyiv (1934 - 1935) and the hotel within the Government Quarter (1939). Mentioned Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) by Marcello Piacentini, projects by Albert Speer and others.
The article summarizes a series of author's researches devoted to a detailed analysis of international context and parallels of Kyiv architecture which is represented in the background of the consistent artistic transitions (from eclecticism and historical reminiscences to modernism, from Art Nouveau to avant-garde, from constructivism to Soviet neoclassicism and, finally, from Stalinist empire to modernism).
5
LONGINO, JOHN T. „The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica“. Zootaxa 151, Nr. 1 (05.03.2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.151.1.1.
Annotation:
The taxonomy and natural history of the ant genus Crematogaster are reviewed for the Costa Rican fauna. Thirtyone species are known, and a key is provided for these and two additional species from adjacent regions of Panama. Species boundaries are evaluated over their entire range when possible. The taxonomic history of the genus is one of unbridled naming of new species and subspecies, with no synthetic works or keys. Major taxonomic changes are proposed, with the recognition of several polytypic species with very broad ranges and the synonymization of the many names associated with them. Crematogaster pygmaea Forel 1904, suturalis Forel 1912, ornatipilis Wheeler 1918, erici Santschi 1929, and chacoana Santschi 1933 are synonymized under abstinens Forel 1899; centralis Santschi 1932 under acuta (Fabricius 1804); aruga Forel 1913 under arcuata Forel 1899; ludio Forel 1912, armandi Forel 1921, inca Wheeler 1925, and cocciphila Borgmeier 1934 under brasiliensis Mayr 1878; parabiotica Forel 1904 under carinata Mayr 1862; brevispinosa Mayr 1870, minutior Forel 1893, schuppi Forel 1901, recurvispina Forel 1912, sampaioi Forel 1912, striatinota Forel 1912, townsendi Wheeler 1925, and chathamensis Wheeler 1933 under crinosa Mayr 1862; barbouri Weber 1934 under cubaensis Mann 1920; antillana Forel 1893, sculpturata Pergande 1896, kemali Santschi 1923, accola Wheeler 1934, phytoeca Wheeler 1934, panamana Wheeler 1942, and obscura Santschi 1929 under curvispinosa Mayr 1870; descolei Kusnezov 1949 under distans Mayr 1870; projecta Santschi 1925 under erecta Mayr 1866; carbonescens Forel 1913 under evallans Forel 1907; palans Forel 1912, ascendens Wheeler 1925, and dextella Santschi 1929 under limata F. Smith 1858; agnita Wheeler 1934 under obscurata Emery 1895; amazonensis Forel 1905, autruni Mann 1916, and guianensis Crawley 1916 under stollii Forel 1885; surdior Forel 1885, atitlanica Wheeler 1936, and maya Wheeler 1936 under sumichrasti Mayr 1870; tumulifera Forel 1899 and arizonensis Wheeler 1908 under torosa Mayr 1870. The following taxa are raised to species: ampla Forel 1912, brevidentata Forel 1912, chodati Forel 1921, crucis Forel 1912, cubaensis Mann 1920, goeldii Forel 1903, malevolens Santschi 1919, mancocapaci Santschi 1911, moelleri Forel 1912, montana Borgmeier 1939, obscurata Emery 1895, rochai Forel 1903, russata Wheeler 1925, sericea Forel 1912, stigmatica Forel 1911, sub-tonsa Santschi 1925, tenuicula Forel 1904, thalia Forel 1911, uruguayensis Santschi 1912, and vicina Andre 1893. The following new species are described: bryophilia, flavomicrops, flavosensitiva, foliocrypta, jardinero, levior, monteverdensis, raptor, snellingi, sotobosque, and wardi.
6
SERHIYCHUK, VOLODYMYR. „DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF THE HOLODOMOR GENOCIDE OF 1932-1933 IN UKRAINE“. Skhid 2, Nr. 2 (15.09.2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(2).239373.
Annotation:
The article analyzes the state of counting the casualties of the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. In par-ticular, there are testimonies of German and Italian diplomats of the time, who received confidential information from Soviet officials, which formed the basis of the established diaspora statement about the casualties: “from 7 to 10 million”. It is noted that during Gorbachev’s Perestroika in the USSR, Moscow was forced to recognize the Holodomor in Ukraine and allowed to write about the loss of 3.5 million people. Modern Ukrainian demographers, who work for foreign grants, continue to support this figure with some clarifications. At the same time, the primary documents of the Ukrainian archives, thanks to the historical and statistical method, make it possible to establish the minimum number of casualties during the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 at 7,117.6 thousand people, because the information has been perceived on the population of the UkrSSR as of early 1932 (32,680 thousand people) and those born in 1932-1933, which allows us to establish the presence of inhabitants of the city and village as of January 1, 1934 using updated materials of the All-Union Census of 1937 and human growth in 1934-1936 – only 26,815.8 thousand. And it should have been 33,853.5 thousand people. And the use of histor-ical-statistical method of calculation allows to reach the figure of 9.5 million in the UkrSSR. This is provided that the dead hungry Ukrainian peasants in Russia and Belarus, where they went for bread, and were shot by Soviet border guards or drowned in the Zbruch and the Dniester due to their inability to swim are counted; when the number of workers brought from the Soviet republics in 1932-1936 to the socialist new buildings of the UkrSSR, who were counted as its inhabitants during the All-Union census of 1937, etc., are established.Of particular importance for establishing the probability of these losses is the reconstruction of the correspondence of the occupancy of the first grades of Ukrainian schools in 1932-1939 with the number of births in 1924-1931. Thus, in the Orativ, Tarashchansky, and Pereyaslavsky districts of the then Kyiv Region, after 1933, half or even less of 8-year-old children were admitted to school. The same picture was observed in all areas of the current Poltava Region. As in all primary schools in the Petrykivka district of the Dnipropetrovsk Region, where almost half of last year’s students of 1st-3rd grades, who continued their education from September 1, 1933, were not admitted – 1,883.This comprehensive approach to the study has made it possible to establish the loss of children, which was not less than 4 million, and the total losses in the UkrSSR, using the historical and legal method, – more than 9 million people. More than 1 million losses of Ukrainians outside the UkrSSR should be added to these victims, which is a total of more than 10 million.
7
TARNAVSKYI, Roman. „Ethnography of the western and southern slavs at the reception of professor Adam Fischer“. Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3756.
Annotation:
Background: In 1924, the Department of Ethnology under the leadership of the Polish ethnologist, Professor Adam Fischer was established at Lviv University. The department was to specialize in Slavic issues. Thus, since the founding of the unit, Slav-ic ethnography has been one of the main topics in A. Fischer’s courses. However, until the early 1930s, these disciplines were concluded in areas of culture. A. Fischer began to implement another concept of lecture courses (by peoples or their groups) in the 1930s, after traveling to Central and Eastern Europe(travel geography included ethno-graphic centers of cities such as Prague, Brno, Martin, Bratislava, Vienna, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, Budapest). It was then that the Lviv professor started the series “Slavic Ethnography”. It was to consist of a synthesis of “General Characteristics of Slavic Ethnography” and 11 parts of the complex characteristics of individual Slavic peoples (coverage of such issues as the boundaries of ethnic territory and ethnographic zoning, stages of ethnic history, dialectal and anthropological features, the history of ethnographic research, areas of folk culture). Purpose: The work is aimed to analyze the views of the Polish ethnologist of the interwar period Adam Fischer on the Western and Southern Slavs, in particular on the basis of the manuscripts of a professor from the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society (Wrocław, Poland). Results: Among the West Slavic peoples, A. Fischer singled out the Polabians (German-assimilated Polabian tribes living in the area between the Elbe, the Oder and the Baltic Sea), Lusatians, Poles (the professor emphasized the population of Pomera-nia, in particular, the Kashubians, whose features against the background of the Polish people explained primarily by the Baltic influences), Czechs and Slovaks (in the series “Slavic Ethnography” two separate notebooks dedicated to these peoples were planned. Instead, in the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society there is one manuscript of two parts – “Czechs” and “Slovaks”, respectively, which was obviously influenced by their stay in the interwar period within one state). In developing the general scheme of the series“Slavic Ethnography”, A. Fischer often used the principle of the existence of the state among the people (which is ethnologically incorrect).This can be seen primarily in the materials about the South Slavs: separate notebooks of the series were to be devoted only to such South Slavic peoples as Serbs and Croats (A. Fischer characterized them as separate peoples with one language), Slovenes, Bulgarians.In the manuscript “Ethnography of Bulgaria” the scholar paid special attention to the Macedonians, emphasizing that part of the then Bul-garian state was not Bulgarian ethnic territory.Instead, Montenegrins and Bosnians (A. Fisher used the term “Muslim Serbo-Croats”) were mentioned occasionally by the pro-fessor in the context of the characterization of the peoples of Yugoslavia.The lecture course “Balkan Peninsula” prepared by A. Fischer deserves special attention. Here, the scientist used the geographical factor to the grouping of the material. Key words: Adam Fischer, Lviv University, “Slavic Ethnography”, Western Slavs, Southern Slavs, Ethnic Processes, Folk Culture. Archives of New Files in Warsaw [unpublished sourse], Mf Nr. B 11453 (2442). (In Polish) Archives of Polish Ethnological Society [unpublished sourse], No. inv. 16, 22, 31, 64, 66, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 87, 123, 124, 136, 154, 280, 281. (In Polish) Burszta, J., 1971. Ethnography of Poland and the Western Territories. Lud, 55, pp.15–28. (In Polish) Falkowski, J., 1931. Fischer A. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabian Slavs. Lviv-Warsaw 1932. Published by Książnica-Atlas. Page 40 + 1 map, with 18 engravings in the test. Price: 2.40 PLN. Lud, 30, pp.239–240. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książni-ca-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. Second issue: Lusatians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1934. Slavic Ethnography. Third issue: Poles. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1937. Trees in the beliefs and rituals of the Polish people, Lud, 35, pp.60–76. (In Polish) Kaminśkyj, W., 1927. Adam Fischer. Polish People. The Polish textbook, prepared with the allowance of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Education. With 3 maps and 58 fig. in text. Lviv – Warsaw – Kraków 1926. S. IV + 240. Lud, 26, pp.104–106. (In Polish) Kujawska, M., Łuczaj, Ł., Sosnowska, J. and Klepacki, P., 2016. Plants in folk beliefs and customs – Adam Fischer’s Dictionary. Wrocław: PTL. (In Polish) Lorentz, F., Lehr-Spławiński, T. and Fischer, A., 1934. Kashubians: folk culture and language. Toruń: In-t Bałtycki. (In Polish) Program of lectures for the summer semester of 1910/1911 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1911. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1921/1922 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1921. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 3rd trimester of the 1921–1922 academic year. Jan Kazim-ierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1922/1923 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1924/1925 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1924. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1925/1926 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1925. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1926/1927 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1926. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1927/1928 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1927. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1929/1930 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1929. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1930/1931 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1930. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1931/1932 academic year and the staff of the University in the 1930/1931 and 1931/1932 academic years. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1931. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures and the staff of the University in the 1932/1933 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1932. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1933/1934 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1933. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1934/1935 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1934. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1935/1936 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1935. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1937/1938 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1937. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1938/1939 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1938. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) State Archives of Lviv Region, [unpublished sourse], f. 26, 2, 543; 5, 1956. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the summer semester of 1900/1901 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the winter semester of 1901/1902 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish)
8
Englard, Izhak. „Nazi Criticism Against the Normativist Theory of Hans Kelsen: Its Intellectual Basis and Post-Modern Tendencies“. Israel Law Review 32, Nr. 2 (1998): 183–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001565x.
Annotation:
In the 1939 edition of Meyers Lexikon the following item appears:Kelsen, Hans, Staatsrechtlehrer, Jude, * 11.10.1881 Prag, 1919 Prof. in Wien, 1930 in Köln, 1933 in Genf, seit 1936 in Prag, schrieb u. a. ≫Allg. Rechtslehre≪ 1925, ≫Théorie générale du droit international≪ 1932, ≫The legal process and international order≪ 1934; radikaler Vertreter der ≫Reinen Rechtslehre≪, die typischer Ausdruck jüdisch zersetzenden Geistes in der Nachkriegszeit auf dem Gebiete der Rechts- und Staatslehre ist. In der völligen Entleerung seiner allg. Formalbegriffe von jedem Wirklichkeitsgehalt leugnet K. jede Substanz des Rechts und Staats. Seine gemeinschaftszerstörenden Auffassungen stehen als polit. Nihilismus im schärfsten Gegensatz zur nat.-soz. Anschauung. Heute noch in der rechtsphilos. Logistik nachwirkend.
9
SERHIYCHUK, Volodymyr. „ПЕРВИННІ ДОКУМЕНТИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ АРХІВІВ ЯК ГОЛОВНЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ КІЛЬКОСТІ ВТРАТ ПІД ЧАС ГОЛОДОМОРУ-ГЕНОЦИДУ 1932–1933 РОКІВ“. Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, Nr. 21 (03.11.2020): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2020.21.3101.
Annotation:
У статті зроблено оцінку напрацювань української та зарубіжної історичної та демографічної науки щодо підрахунку жертв Голодомору-геноциду 1932–1933 років в Україні й запропонувано нові підходи в досягненні реального результату. Методика дослідження спирається на загальні наукові методи аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення. Також застосовано порівняльно-історичний, структурний і системно-функціональні методи. Уперше здійснено підрахунок жертв Голодомору- геноциду 1932–1933 років на основі виявлених офіційних даних радянської статистики про кількість населення УСРР станом на 1 січня 1932 року і розрахованої його кількости на 1 січня 1934 року. Крім того, як допоміжний метод було застосовано порівняльний аналіз кількости народжених в УСРР в 1924–1932 роках з наповненістю перших класів у 1932–1940 роках дітьми 8-річного віку (саме вони тоді вперше приходили до школи) з врахуванням коефіцієнта природних втрат у цих вікових групах. Автор доходить висновку, що з огляду на відсутність архівних документів про конкретні втрати від Голодомору-геноциду в 1932–1933 роках в Україні лише ретельний аналіз наявних первинних документів дає можливість встановити максимально наближену до реальної кількість жертв цієї трагедії нашого народу. Завдяки саме цьому вдалося встановити офіційну цифру кількости населення УСРР станом на 1 січня 1932 року і розрахувати її на 1 січня 1934 року, що дає підстави стверджувати про мінімальні втрати під час Голодомору-геноциду в 7 мільйонів осіб. Вказана цифра підтверджується і завдяки аналізові наповнености перших класів дітьми 8- річного віку, які в той час саме в такому віці вперше приходили до школи, в багатьох районах Київщини, Черкащини, Вінниччини, Полтавщини. Наприклад, у Таращанському районі Київської області, в 1928 році народилася 2.659 дитини, а 1936 року з них за парти сіли в перших класах всього 1073. Подібна картина і в селах лівобережного Переяславського району – з 3487 немовлят 1931 року до 1939 року дожили лише 1591. Якщо допустити природні втрати за нормальної ситуації навіть до 20 відсотків, то в обох випадках дитяча смертність внаслідок Голодомору мала катастрофічні наслідки: приблизно 40 відсотків від народжених у відповідні роки. Такі ж трагічні результати одержуємо, аналізуючи первинні документи Оратівського, Плисківського та Погребищенського районів Вінниччини, в абсолютній більшості шкіл Полтавщини. Враховуючи те, що в 1924–1932 роках в УСРР народилося близько 10 мільйонів дітей, їхні втрати під час Голодомору-геноциду становили мінімум 3 мільйони, а з числа школярів, народжених до 1924 року, померло тоді ще приблизно 500 тисяч. Тобто, дитяча смертність шкільного віку сягнула в 1932–1933 роках мінімум 3,5 мільйона осіб, а загальна, як і свідчили тоді німецькі дипломати, – від 7 до 10 мільйонів. Остаточний результат можна встановити після підрахунку смертей тих, хто пішов з українських сіл у пошуках хліба і помер у Росії чи Білорусі, або по дорозі до цих реґіонів – у нас досі не досліджено жодного з 837 місць масового поховання біля залізничних станцій чи річкових пристаней, ніхто не порахував тих, хто потонув у Збручі чи Дністрі, тікаючи від голоду в Польщу чи Румунію, або кого там розстріляли радянські прикордонники. Також досі не пораховано, скільки завезено в 1932–1936 роках робочої сили з інших республік, яка під час Всесоюзного перепису 1937 року вже зафіксована мешканцями УСРР.
10
Rufinoni, Simone Rossinetti. „Mulheres no romance brasileiro de 1930: aporias do espaço público“. Diablotexto Digital 12 (23.12.2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/diablotexto.12.25189.
Annotation:
El estudio se detiene en seis novelas brasileñas da década de 1930: Parque Industrial (1930), de Patrícia Galvão; Os Corumbas (1933) e Rua do siriri (1937), de Amando Fontes; Caminho de pedras (1935), de Rachel de Queiroz; A estrela sobe (1937), de Marques Rebelo e Lapa (1936), de Luís Martins – a partir de la presencia de la figuración de la mujer en la vida pública. El recorrido que parte de las promesas de emancipación culmina en la prostitución aprehende el sentido colectivo de las trayectorias individuales, signo de la inoperancia del estatuto del sujeto burgués mujer entre las disposiciones de la casa y de la calle.
11
Ábrahám, Levente, und Matthieu Giacomino. „A little known and synonym ant-lions 2. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)“. Natura Somogyiensis 34 (2020): 21–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2020.34.21.
Annotation:
The authors examined antlion types in several collections and, as a result, 44 new synonymous names were found and 8 new combinations were established. Label data of the type specimens, distribution and some taxonomical comments were published. Acanthaclisis aurora Klapálek, 1912 n. syn. of Phanoclisis longicollis (Rambur, 1842); Creoleon pallida Fraser, 1950 n. syn. of Nohoveus lepidus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Myrmeleon tschernovi Krivokhatsky, N. A., Shapoval & A. P. Shapoval, 2014 n. syn. of Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941); Myrmeleon montanus Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885; Cueta elongata Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Cueta divisa Navás, 1912; Cueta externa Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta gracilis Navás, 1924 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta simplicior Navás, 1934 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta pilosa Navás, 1934 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Nesoleon scalaris Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Cueta pallens (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834). "Nesoleon lepidus Klug." is a wrong combination (Banks 1913) and not extant species. Cueta dissimulata Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Cueta trivirgata (Gerstaecker, 1894); Dendroleon qiongana Yang, 2002 n. syn. of Gatzara caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997); Dendroleon angulineura C.-k. Yang, 1987 n. syn. of Gatzara jubilaea Navás, 1915; Myrmeleon contractus Walker, 1860 n. comb. of Layahima contracta (Walker, 1860); Layahima nebulosa Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Layahima contracta (Walker, 1860); Distoleon cubitalis (Navás, 1914) n. comb. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Formicaleo feai Navás, 1915 n. syn. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Cymatala pallora C.-k. Yang, 1986 n. comb. of Banyutus pallorus (C.-k. Yang, 1986) and n. syn. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Creoleon maurus Navás, 1923 n. syn. of Creoleon lugdunensis (Villers, 1789); Creagris interrupta Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creagris loanguana Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creoleon nigritarsis Navás, 1921 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creagris venosus Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Neeles roscidus Navás, 1937 n. comb. of Distoleon roscidus (Navás, 1937) and n. syn. of Distoleon nefandus (Walker, 1853); Distoleon symphineurus C.-k. Yang, 1986 n. syn. of Distoleon solitarius (Hölzel, 1970); Macronemurus interruptus Kolbe, 1897 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo turbidus Navás, 1915 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo lambarenus Navás, 1921 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo gilsi Navás, 1933 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Neeles muzanus Navás, 1922 n. comb. of Distoleon muzanus (Navás, 1922) and n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Feina languidus Navás, 1931 n. syn. of Distoleon tholloni (Navás, 1914); Neuroleon parvissimus Fraser, 1952 n. syn. of Geyria lepidula (Navás, 1912); Formicaleo dumontinus Navás, 1933 n. comb. of Macronemurus dumontinus (Navás, 1933) and n. syn. of Macronemurus appendiculatus (Latreille, 1807); Macronemurus schoutedeni Navás, 1930 n. syn. of Macronemurus loranthe Banks, 1911; Macronemurus jejunus Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Macronemurus melanthe Banks, 1911; Macronemurus ianthe Banks, 1911 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Macronemurus nuncius Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Formicoleo fictus Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Formicaleo neavinus Navás, 1913 n. comb. of Macronemurus neavinus (Navás, 1913) and n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Macronemurus wittei Navás, 1932 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Neuroleon lukhtanovi Krivokhatsky, 1996 n. syn. of Neuroleon erato Hölzel, 1972; Neuroleon nubilus Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Neuroleon (Ganussa) tenellus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Tahulus sordidatus Navás, 1936 n. syn. of Pseudoformicaleo gracilis (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Indoleon tacitus sinicus C.-k. Yang in C.-k. Yang & X.-l. Wang, 2002 n. syn. of Indoleon tacitus (Walker, 1853); Myrmeleon lagopus Gerstaecker, 1894 n. comb. of Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894), Nedroledon striatus Hölzel, 1972 n. syn. of Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894); Paraglenurus lotzi Miller & Stange, 1999 n. syn. of Paraglenurus pumilus Yang, 1997. 49 photographs of type specimens are presented.
12
Tauger, Mark B. „The 1932 Harvest and the Famine of 1933“. Slavic Review 50, Nr. 1 (1991): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500600.
Annotation:
Western and even Soviet publications have described the 1933 famine in the Soviet Union as “man-made” or “artificial.” The Stalinist leadership is presented as having imposed harsh procurement quotas on Ukraine and regions inhabited by other groups, such as Kuban’ Cossacks and Volga Germans, in order to suppress nationalism and to overcome opposition to collectivization. Proponents of this interpretation argue, using official Soviet statistics, that the 1932 grain harvest, especially in Ukraine, was not abnormally low and would have fed the population. Robert Conquest, for example, has referred to a Soviet study of drought to show that conditions were far better in 1932 than they were in 1936, a “non-famine year.” James Mace, the main author of a U.S. Congress investigation of the Ukraine famine, cites “post-Stalinist” statistics to show that this harvest was larger than those of 1931 or 1934 and refers to later Soviet historiography describing 1931 as a worse year than 1932 because of drought. On this basis he argues that the 1932 harvest would not have produced mass starvation.
13
ONSO-ZARAZAGA, MIGUEL A., und CHRISTOPHER H. C. LYAL. „A catalogue of family and genus group names in Scolytinae and Platypodinae with nomenclatural remarks (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)“. Zootaxa 2258, Nr. 1 (08.10.2009): 1–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2258.1.1.
Annotation:
A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.
14
Гареева, Г. Н. „Жанровые особенности башкирских повестей 1930-х годов“. ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 72, Nr. 5 (April 2021): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-04-2021-187.
Annotation:
В период формирования эпических форм национальной прозы к реалистическому изображению действительности башкирская литература шла путем использования фольклора и традиций восточной литературы, с одной стороны, и путем отражения действительности в формах самой жизни. В тридцатые годы были воссозданы немало повестей на историко-революционную тему. Целью данной статьи является выявление особенностей художественного отражения процесса постепенного роста революционного сознания рабочих, показа картин борьбы угнетенных против эксплуататорского общества, различных эпизодов гражданской войны в повестях Мажита Гафури «На золотых приисках поэта» (1930), Тухфата Мурата «Шарафи беглец» (1930), Имая Насыри «Гульдар» (1932), Хасана Мухтара «Перед бурей» (1935), Башара Хасана «Пламя в степи» (1933), И. Кусяпкулова «Бурные дни» (1937) и др.
15
Puche, Javier, und Carmen González Martínez. „Strikes and Rural Unrest during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936): A Geographic Approach“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 1 (21.12.2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010034.
Annotation:
This article analyses the evolution and geographic distribution of the rural unrest that prevailed during the years of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936), a period characterised by political instability and social conflict. The number of provincial strikes recorded in the forestry and agricultural industries and complied by the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare constitute the primary source of the study. Based on this information, maps of the regional and provincial distribution of the agricultural unrest have been created for the republican period. The results reveal that, contrary to the traditional belief which confines the rural unrest of this period to the geographic areas of the latifundios (large estates), Spanish agriculture, in all its diversity, was hit by collective disputes. Although the areas of the latifundios were most affected by the agricultural reform of 1932, the data show that the extension of the unrest in the Spanish countryside was also the result of the refusal of the landowners to accept and apply the new republican collective bargaining agreement. The number of strikes increased during the period 1931–1933, fell between 1934 and 1935, and increased again during the months of the Popular Front (February to July 1936).
16
Panić, Vanja. „Public buildings of architect Milan Zloković: Affirmation of modern architecture in Serbia“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 2, Nr. 1 (2010): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1001047p.
Annotation:
This article is conceived as a contribution to the study and understanding of modern architecture in Serbia and Yugoslavia in the period between the two world wars. The subject of this study is the architectural practice of architect Milan Zloković, one of the most important actors of architectural modernism in the forthcoming period. The focus of research is Zloković work on the design and implementation of public buildings with emphasis on the four objects: Hotel "Žiča" in Mataruška Banja (1931-1932), Building Children's University Clinic in Belgrade (1933-1936/1940), Building Elementary School in Jagodina (1937-1940) and FIAT Automobile Building Service in Belgrade (1939-1940). This phase of Milan Zloković practise is distinguished by authentic character of the author in the study of geometric forms, proportional analysis, applied materials and construction, all in new forms of organization of space in the spirit of modern architecture postulates.
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Osváth, Zsolt. „Buday Árpád a szegedi M. Kir. Ferencz József Tudományegyetem Diákjóléti és Diákvédő Irodája élén“. Dolgozatok az Erdélyi Múzeum Érem- és Régiségtárából, Nr. 12-13 (2017): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.57047/dolg-2017-09.
Annotation:
Buday Árpád (Marosgezse, 1879. január 17.– Szeged, 1937. április 7.). A kolozsvári egyetem magántanára (1911–1917), c. ny. rk. tanára (1917–1918), az Egyetemi Diákasztal és Diákotthon Felügyelő Bizottságának titkára (1904–1919). Magyarországra áttelepülve (1924-től) a Kolozsvárról Szegedre menekült egyetemen ny. r. tanára (1924–1937); közben a bölcsészkar dékánja (1931/1932. tanév), prodékánja (1932/1933. tanév). Az 1931/1932. tanévben – a nagy gazdasági világválság kirobbanását követő években – lett a szegedi egyetem Diákjóléti és Diákvédő Irodájának elnöke. A tanulmány igyekszik felvázolni „a diákvédő professzor” portréját.
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Онопрієнко, В. І. „Академік Олексій Борисяк – подвижник науки. До 150‑річчя від дня народження“. Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 31, Nr. 2 (20.12.2022): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272224.
Annotation:
Розглянуто погляди відомих вчених у галузі палеонтології та їх порівняння з концепцією цього напряму науки О. О. Борисяка та його подвижницьку діяльність. Акцентовано вузлові дати його життя і діяльності. Обговорено нові аргументи щодо концепції палеозоології, яку розробляв О. О. Борисяк. Олексій Олексійович Борисяк (1872, Ромни, Полтавська губернія – 1944, Москва) – вчений-палеонтолог та геолог, академік АН СРСР (1929), лауреат Сталінської премії II ступеня (1943). Засновник та перший директор Палеозоологічного (з 1936 р. Палеонтологічного) інституту АН СРСР. Народився в родині межового інженера, який часто переїжджав у межах імперії. 1883 р. вступив у класичну прогімназію м. Брест-Литовська. 1892 р. закінчив самарську гімназію із золотою медаллю. 1896 р. закінчив Гірничий інститут у Санкт-Петербурзі. 1897–1898 рр. прослухав курс зоології у професора В. Т. Шевякова та пройшов великий біологічний практикум у М. М. Римського-Корсакова. Фактично це була друга вища освіта біологічного фаху. 1896–1932 рр. працював у Геологічному комітеті, де очолював палеонтологічний відділ. 1897–1899 рр. від Геологічного комітету здійснив геологічну зйомку північно-західної околиці Донецького кряжу. 1900 р. разом із К. К. Фохтом проводив дослідження Криму для укладання Кримського аркуша Міжнародної геологічної карти Європи. 1911– 1930 рр. професор та завідувач кафедри історичної геології Гірничого інституту, багато займався палеонтологічною колекцією у музеї інституту. 1930 р. з ініціативи О. О. Борисяка було створено Палеозоологічний інститут АН СРСР (з 1936 р. Палеонтологічний), директором якого вчений залишався до кінця життя. 1939 р. заснував кафедру палеонтології у Московському університеті. Керівник вітчизняної школи палеонтології хребетних. Основні праці присвячені вченню про фації, питанням загальної палеонтології, вивчення юрських молюсків, палеонтології хребетних. Розглядав історію Землі як єдиний закономірний процес розвитку фізико-географічних умов та органічного життя. Головний редактор журналів «Природа» (1931–1935) та «Доповіді Академії наук» (1933–1936).
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SMITH, SARAH M., ROGER A. BEAVER und ANTHONY I. COGNATO. „New synonymy, new combinations and other taxonomic changes in Japanese xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)“. Zootaxa 4521, Nr. 3 (14.11.2018): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5.
Annotation:
The following 13 new combinations are given: Ambrosiophilus osumiensis (Murayama, 1934), Ancipitis machili (Niisima, 1910), Cyclorhipidion bispinum (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion japonicum (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion laetum (Niisima, 1909), Cyclorhipidion misatoense (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion miyazakiense (Murayama, 1936), Cyclorhipidion okinosenense (Murayama, 1961), Cyclorhipidion takinoyense (Murayama, 1953), Debus defensus (Blandford, 1894), Immanus permarginatus (Schedl, 1933), Microperus calamoides (Murayama, 1934), Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926), all originally described in Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The following 24 new synonyms are proposed: Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876) (=Xyleborus collis Niisima, 1910 syn. n.); Ambrosiophilus osumiensis (Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus metanepotulus Eggers, 1939 syn. n.); Ancipitis machili (Niisima, 1910) (=Xyleborus depressus Eggers, 1923 syn. n.; = Xyleborus kojimai Murayama, 1936 syn. n.); Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) (=Xyleborus ishidai Niisima, 1909 syn. n.); Cnestus aterrimus (Eggers, 1927) (=Cnestus maculatus Browne, 1983 syn. n.; = Cnestus murayamai Schedl, 1962 syn. n.; = Cnestus murayamai Browne, 1963 syn. n.; = Tosaxyleborus pallidipennis Murayama, 1950. syn. n.); Cyclorhipidion miyazakiense (Murayama, 1936) (=Xyleborus armipennis Schedl, 1953 syn. n.; = Xyleborus wakayamensis Nobuchi, 1981 syn. n.); Microperus kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus nameranus Murayama, 1954 syn. n.); Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926) (=Xyleborus izuensis Murayama, 1952 syn. n.); Planiculus bicolor (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborus ashuensis Murayama, 1954 syn. n.); Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborinus canus Niisima, 1909 syn. n.); Xyleborinus schaufussi (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborus kraunhiae Niisima, 1910 syn. n.); Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff, 1876 (=Xyleborus detectus Schedl, 1975a syn. n.; = Xyleborus pinicola Eggers, 1930 syn. n.; = Xyleborus pinivorus Browne, 1980 syn. n.); Xyleborus metacuneolus Eggers, 1940 (= Xyleborus kaimochii Nobuchi, 1981 syn. n.); Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston, 1857) (=Xyleborus shionomisakiensis Murayama, 1951 syn. n.); Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg, 1837) (=Xyleborus septentrionalis Niisima 1909 syn. n.); Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, 1894 (=Xyleborus todo Kono, 1938 syn. n.); Xylosandrus brevis (Eichhoff, 1877) (=Xyleborus montanus Niisima, 1910 syn. n.). Arixyleborus yakushimanus (Murayama, 1958) is removed from synonymy with A. malayensis (Schedl, 1954). The types of Xyleborus nagaoensis Murayama, 1934, and X. ohtoensis Nobuchi, 1981 were examined and are confirmed to be correctly placed in Xyleborus. Lectotypes are designated for Xyleborus ishidai Niisima, 1909, and Xyleborus septentrionalis Niisima, 1909.
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Abed Al-Zubaidi, Riyam Ahmed, und Prof Dr Waleed Abood Mohammed Al-Dulaimi. „JAPAN’S NAVAL FORCE UNDER THE RISE OF ITS MILITARISM (1931-1939)“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, Nr. 03 (2022): 494–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i03.028.
Annotation:
The expansion of the role of the military category, which rejects the issue of naval restrictions and looks forward to military expansion and the strengthening of naval Force, is in line with Japan’s foreign policy, which completed in the 1930s the path of its transformation into a military state with expansionist ambitions, following the Great Depression (1929-1933) and its alliance with regimes Fascism and Nazi totalitarianism in Europe, from which the Axis powers emerged on the twenty-fifth of October 1936, and Accordingly, Japan at that time constituted a serious threat to the liberal economic and political systems. The research was set chronologically in the years (1931-1939), as the first date represented the beginning of the escalation of Japanese militarism in a clear manner following the convening of the first London Naval Conference in 1930, while the second date represented the outbreak of the Second World War, which represented an important historical turning point in which Japan sought through its Force the Navy to confirm its active role on the scene of events. In light of this, the research traced the steps of the Japanese government in supporting its military institutions, especially the navy, by adopting a set of building, expansion and development programs until its participation in the Second London Naval Conference in 1935 and its role in it, then its militarism Rise for the years (1936-1939), which was appear in Its occupation by China in 1937, Based on its conviction that Britain and France were unable to confront it under their suffering from the consequences of the Great Depression on the one hand, and the commitment of the United States of America to the laws of neutrality that did not allow it to intervene militarily in international problems on the other hand until 1939
21
Rudnytskyi, Omelian, Stanislav Kulchytskyi, Oleksandr Gladun und Natalia Kulyk. „The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features“. Nationalities Papers 48, Nr. 3 (24.03.2020): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.81.
Annotation:
AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.
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Vincenzini, Vincenzini. „El nacionalcatolicismo fascista de José Pemartín: entre el monarquismo circunstancial franquista y el monarquismo institucional tradicionalista“. Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nr. 11 (22.06.2022): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.24.
Annotation:
En este estudio analizaremos el recorrido de los católicos reaccionarios a partir de la Guerra de Independencia y su cambio de antinacionales a nacional-católicos hasta convertirse en fascistizados en el periodo entre la Guerra Civil y el estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En ese sentido cabe destacar la labor de José Pemartín. La centralidad del estudio la ocupan tres temas contenidos en su obra más importante, Qué es lo Nuevo: la diferencia de matices con respecto a los valores expresados por otros intelectuales nacional-católicos anteriores y contemporáneos a él; la tentativa de conciliar el ideario nacional-católico con las ideas falangistas; y la doctrina fascista. Palabras clave: nacional-catolicismo, fascismo, monarquismo, institucional, circunstancial, tradicionalismo.Topónimo: EspañaPeríodo: Siglo XX ABSTRACTThis study analyses the path traversed by Catholic reactionaries after the War of Independence and their transition from antinational to National Catholic until they converted to Fascism during the period between the Civil War and the outbreak of World War Two. In this respect, it is worth highlighting the work of José Pemartín. This study mainly focuses on three themes in his most important creation, Qué es lo Nuevo: the differences in tone in comparison with the values expressed by both earlier and coetaneous National-Catholic intellectuals; the attempt to reconcile National-Catholic ideology with Falangist thinking; and Fascist doctrine. Keywords: Nacional-Catholism, Fascism, monarchism, institutional, circumstantial, traditionalismPlace names: SpainPeriod: Siglo XX REFERENCIASÁlvarez Junco, J. 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Consideraciones sobre el momento español presente, Santander, Cultura Española.Pérez Monfort, R. (1992), Hispanismo y Falange. Los sueños imperiales de la derecha española, Ciudad de México: FCE.Preston, P. (1994), Franco “Caudillo de España”, Barcelona, Grijalbo Mondadori.Quiroga Fernández de Soto, A. (2008), Haciendo españoles. La nacionalización de las masas en la dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930), Madrid, CEPC.— (2007), Los orígenes del nacionalcatolicismo. José Pemartín y la dictadura de Primo de Rivera, Granada, Comares.Redondo, O. (1932), El Nacionalismo no debe ser confesional, Libertad.Reig Tapia. (1995), Franco “Caudillo”: Mito e realidad, Madrid, Tecnos.Río Cisneros, A. del (1968), José Antonio Intímo. Textos Biográficos y epistolario, Madrid, Ediciones del Movimiento.Rocco, A. (1925), La dottrina del fascismo e il suo posto nella storia del pensiero politico, en Renzo de Felice (1971), Autobiografia del fascismo. Antologia di testi fascisti (1919-1945), Roma, Minerva Italica.— (1938), Scritti e discorsi politici di Alfredo Rocco, Milán, Giuffré Editore.Sardá y Salvany, F. (1884) [2011], El liberalismo es pecado, Barcelona, Librería y tipografía católica.— (1883), La Gran tesis española, El Correo Catalán.Saz Campos, I. (2003), España contra España. Los nacionalismos franquistas, Madrid, Marcial Pons.— (2004), Fascismo y franquismo, PUV, Valencia.— (2013), Las caras del franquismo, Comares, Granada.Scheler, M. (1936), El resentimiento en la Moral, Madrid, Espasa Calpe.Sepúlveda Muñoz, I. (2005), I. El sueño de la madre patria: hispanoamericanismo y nacionalismo, Madrid, Marcial Pons.Spengler, O. (1923) [2011], La decadencia de Occidente, Barcelona, Austral.— (1933) [2011], Los años decisivos, Madrid, Altera.Spinetti, G. S. (1933), Il concetto della natura umana, La Sapienza, 1.Tarquini, A. (2013), Il Gentile dei fascisti. Gentiliani e antigentiliani nel regime fascista, Bolonia, Il Mulino.Tomás, J. M. (2001), La Falange de Franco: Fascismo y fascistización en el régimen franquista (1937-1945), Barcelona: Plaza y Janes.— (2019), Los fascismos españoles, Barcelona, Ariel.Tovar, A. (1941), El imperio de España, Madrid, Ediciones Afrodísio Aguado.Tusell, J. (1997), Las derechas en la España contemporánea, Madrid, UNED.— (2006), La historia de España en el siglo XX: La dictadura de Franco, Taurus, Madrid.Tuñon de Lara, M. (1993), El régimen de Franco (1936-1975), Madrid, UNED.Vegas Latapie, E. (1938), Romanticismo y democracia, Santander, Cultura Española.— (1989), Los caminos del desengaño. Memorias políticas (1936-1938), Madrid, Tebas.Viñas, A. (2007), Franco, Hitler y el estallido de la Guerra Civil. Antecedentes y consecuencias. Alianza Editorial: Madrid.
23
Jeřábek, Martin. „Srovnání krize parlamentarismu v Německu a Rakousku, 1930–1934“. HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 14, Nr. 2 (15.11.2022): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2022.17.
Annotation:
The main goal of the article is to compare the crisis of the role of the German Reichstag und Austrian Nationalrat in the early 1930’s and how the relationship parliament-government/president was influenced in that respect. We argue that the German system of emergency decrees of the President (Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution) systematically undermined the German parliament in favour of state bureaucracy and a technocratic government. In Austria, since March 4, 1933 Dollfuss coalition of the right wing of Political Catholicism with the Heimwehr implemented a degree law with the War Economy Empowering Act (KWEG) as a tool to govern without parliament. The period of the Chancellors H. Brüning (1930–1932, presidential government) and E. Dollfuss (April 1932 – March 4th, 1933, parliamentary government Dollfuss) constitute the first stage of the weakening of the parliamentary system. In the second stage in Germany since June 1932, the reactionary anti-parliamentary option of the Chancellors F. v. Papen and K. v. Schleicher (presidential dictatorship) created a power vacuum without any viable alternative. We found comparable anti-Marxism aspects of Austrian and German administrations. The difference was the final “totalitarian result” of the analysed period. In Germany the Nazis won, and Adolf Hitler was appointed German chancellor on January 30th, 1933. In contrast, Dollfuss withstood the onslaught from Austrian Nazis in the critical time 1933/1934, and established so called “Estates state”, conservative oriented dictatorship.
24
Foxcroft, Nigel H., und Christian Høgsbjerg. „The Alfred H. Mendes – Malcolm Lowry Connection“. University of Toronto Quarterly 91, Nr. 2 (01.06.2022): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.91.2.04.
Annotation:
A brief friendship kindled in 1930s New York between the Trinidadian novelist and short-story writer of Portuguese Creole ancestry, Alfred Hubert Mendes (1897–1991) and the late modernist English author, Malcolm Lowry (1909–57), which forged a personal and literary camaraderie, revealing significant rapport reflected in the intersection of their lives. Certain important, mutually enabling parallels between their experiences, political affinities, and literary influences can assist us in making better sense of their relationship. Though Mendes was shaped by adventures in Britain and the United States, his writings were rooted in the concerns of everyday existence and in the cultural traditions of his native island of Trinidad. His realist short stories – and novels like Pitch Lake (1934) and Black Fauns (1935) – helped pioneer West Indian literature and attracted praise from Aldous Huxley. Lowry was inspired by visits to the Far East (1927), Germany (1928), Norway (1931), France (1932), Spain (1933–34), the United States (1934–36), and Mexico (1936–38 and 1945–47), where his masterpiece, Under the Volcano (1947), was set. These countries exerted a long-lasting impression on his literary imagination, which encompassed a kaleidoscopic range of influences from East and West, including esotericism. It was his trajectory toward the New World that was conducive to his acquaintance with Mendes in New York in 1936.
25
Lindstedt, Iwona. „Roman Palester jako pionier polskiej muzyki filmowej“. Muzyka 64, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.241.
Annotation:
Twórczość Romana Palestra dla filmu odcisnęła trwały ślad w dziejach polskiej kinematografii, mimo iż sam kompozytor nie nadawał temu aspektowi swej działalności większej wagi. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest pierwszej (do 1939 roku) fazie pracy kompozytora na rzecz filmu. Celem jest, dokonana na podstawie zachowanych materiałów audiowizualnych i źródeł pośrednich, próba zarysowania panoramy recepcji filmowej muzyki Palestra w międzywojennym środowisku kulturowym, określenia zasad jego współpracy z innymi kompozytorami w przypadku współautorstwa, a także syntetyczna charakterystyka funkcji, znaczenia i własności ścieżek dźwiękowych Palestra ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem filmu pt. Zabawka.
Najefektywniejszą współpracę nawiązał Palester z reżyserem Józefem Lejtesem (1901–1983). Napisał muzykę do pięciu jego filmów (Dzikie pola, 1932; Młody las, 1934; Dzień wielkiej przygody, 1935; Róża, 1936 oraz Dziewczęta z Nowolipek, 1937), przy czym każdorazowo partnerem Palestra w realizacji tego zadania był Marian Neuteich. Z Neuteichem współtworzył Palester także muzykę do Ludzi Wisły (1938) Aleksandra Forda i Aleksandra Zarzyckiego. Z kolei przy muzyce do filmu August Mocny (1936) współpracował z Leonem Schillerem, a przy opracowaniu muzycznym Halki opartej na kanwie libretta opery Stanisława Moniuszki współdziałał z Feliksem Rybickim. Współautorskim dziełem jest także ilustracja muzyczna do filmu Ja tu rządzę (1939) dokonana wespół z Władysławem Danem. Wobec braku partytur i ogólnego charakteru informacji wnoszonych przez napisy do filmów trudno z pewnością stwierdzić, jak wyglądał rzeczywisty podział ról i kompetencji w tych kompozytorskich tandemach. Niewątpliwie jednak (z wyjątkiem ostatniego z wymienionych filmów) wykraczał on poza prostą dwuzadaniowość: muzyka „lekka” versus „poważna”. Ponadto w filmach Lejtesa ilustracja muzyczna wpisuje się w reżyserską koncepcję kojarzenia niezależnych od siebie elementów dźwiękowych i wizualnych w tzw. „trzeci wymiar” i uwikłana jest w liczne konteksty symboliczne.
Samodzielnymi ilustracjami muzycznymi Palestra są te do filmu Zabawka (1933) Michała Waszyńskiego oraz dwóch produkcji z 1939 roku – Żołnierza Królowej Madagaskaru Jerzego Zarzyckiego i Nad Niemnem Wandy Jakubowskiej i Karola Szołowskiego, które nie zachowały się do dnia dzisiejszego. Muzyka do Zabawki stanowi kunsztowny przykład konstytutywnego wykorzystania popularnych piosenek w funkcji dramaturgicznie integrującej oraz łączenia tego materiału z muzyką utrzymaną w powszechnym stylu komponowania do wczesnego kina dźwiękowego.
Dopełnieniem działalności filmowej Palestra do 1939 roku jest – wedle istniejących opracowań badawczych – muzyka do dwóch filmów dokumentalnych, choć jest to obszar możliwy do uzupełnienia. Cały omówiony tu jego dorobek świadczy zaś o z jednej strony o zdystansowanym, a z drugiej pełnym rzetelności i warsztatowej sprawności stosunku Palestra do zamówień na muzykę filmową. Prace te stanowią nieusuwalną i niewątpliwie wartą przybliżenia część twórczego wizerunku tego kompozytora.
26
Soucy, Robert J. „French Press Reactions to Hitler's First Two Years in Power“. Contemporary European History 7, Nr. 01 (März 1998): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300004744.
Annotation:
Why did fascism not succeed in France in the 1930s to the extent that itdid in Germany? Although the appeal of fascism increased dramatically in France between 1936 and 1938 as part of the backlash to the Popular Front, the fact remains that neither of France's two largest fascist movements – Colonel de La Rocque's Croix de feu/Parti social français and Jacques Doriot's Parti populaire française – came to power during this period. InFrench Fascism: the Second Wave, 1933–1939, one of the reasons (among several) that I gave for the relative failure of French fascism was the negative reaction of many French conservatives and Catholics to Hitler's repression of dissident German conservatives and Catholics in 1933 and 1934 – a reaction which indirectly diminished the potential appeal of homegrown fascism through guilt by association. Although I alluded to this reaction in my study, I did so without providing sufficient documentation. One of the purposes of this review of French press responses to Hitler's first two years in power is to correct that shortcoming.
27
Naumov, Oleg N. „Grigory Alexandrovich Pushkin — an Employee of the State Library of the USSR Named after V.I. Lenin“. Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 72, Nr. 3 (31.07.2023): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2023-72-3-235-249.
Annotation:
The biography of Colonel Grigory Alexandrovich Pushkin (1868—1940), grandson of Alexander Pushkin, is reconstructed on the basis of unknown materials of the Manuscripts Department and the Archive of the Russian State Library (RSL). The article told about his service in the Imperial and Red Armies, his family and difficult financial situation after 1917. It is shown what bureaucratic difficulties accompanied the assignment of his personal pension in 1923 and subsequent assistance. Particular attention is paid to the solution of the housing problem and obtaining accommodation in Moscow.The Letters of G.A. Pushkin to G.P. Georgievsky (1919), V.D. Bonch-Bruevich (1933) and P.S. Popov (1933), are published in full for the first time, as well as letters from Yu.N. Pushkina to V.S. Nechaeva (1936) and from V.D. Bonch-Bruevich to G.A. Pushkin (1933), which are kept in the Manuscript Department of Russian State Library.Article restores the history of G.A. Pushkinʼs working at the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin based on the Personnel Files. From 1936 till 1938 he signed temporary employment contracts, while he worked on a permanent position only from January 1939 to January 1940.G.A. Pushkin’s biography is analyzed in the context of the social history of the Russian nobility after 1917 and its adaptation to the Soviet reality. The author concludes that the official persecution of the former elite promoted the appearance of the staff with wide knowledge, proficiency in foreign languages and organizational experience in the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin. They influenced the development of the library as a research center.
28
De la Ossa Martínez, Marco Antonio. „La música en tiempos de Pedro Echevarría: la política musical de la Segunda República y la guerra civil española“. Revista de Estudios del Campo de Montiel, Extra 2 (11.05.2018): 21–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30823/recm.0201884.
Annotation:
El presente artículo pretende contextualizar y acercar al lector a dos épocas de gran importancia en el devenir de la música española del siglo XX en las que se enclava una buena parte de la vida y obra de Pedro Echevarría Bravo: la Segunda República (1931-1936) y la guerra civil española (1936-1939). Así, en 1932 obtuvo el nombramiento de director de la Banda de San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturias) y fue delegado de la Asociación Nacional de Directores de Bandas de Música (1932-1934). Después, en abril de 1935 fue nombrado director de la Banda de Música Municipal de Tomelloso y vocal regional del Cuerpo Nacional de Directores de Banda de Música Civiles, además de organizar coros y ciclos culturales.
29
Lajnert, Siniša. „Dioničarsko društvo Slavonske vicinalne željeznice (1892.-1933.)“. Scrinia Slavonica 19, Nr. 1 (05.11.2019): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/ss.19(2019).1.6.
Annotation:
U radu autor obrađuje ustroj, poslovanje i likvidaciju Dioničarskog društva slavonske vicinalne željeznice u vremenskom periodu od godine 1892., kada je društvo osnovano, pa sve do godine 1933., kada je završena njegova likvidacija. Sjedište društva u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji bilo je u Budimpešti, da bi se odlukom njegove izvanredne glavne skupštine od 24. svibnja 1923. premjestilo u Zagreb. Pruge društva bile su sljedeće: Osijek-Našice, Našice-Nova Kapela-Batrina, Pleternica-Požega te Požega-Velika. Navedene privatne pruge bile su u državnoj eksploataciji, odnosno upravi. Temeljem sporazuma od 7. veljače 1931., država je otkupila pruge Dioničarskog društva slavonske vicinalne željeznice pa je tako prestao i razlog njegovog postojanja. Društvo je 1932. godine ušlo u proces likvidacije, koji je završio 12. travnja 1933.
30
LI, BING AN, und C. N. YANG. „C. Y. CHAO, PAIR CREATION AND PAIR ANNIHILATION“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, Nr. 17 (20.10.1989): 4325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001813.
Annotation:
C. Y. Chao's contribution to physicists' acceptance of QED in 1933–1934 through his experiments of 1930 is analyzed. It is pointed out that Blackett and Occhialini's key suggestion of 1933 about hole theory was based on identifying Chao's "additional scattered rays" (1930) as due to pair annihilation.
31
Deviatnikovaitė, Ieva. „Administracinė teisė Vaclovo Biržiškos akimis“. Teisė 108 (08.10.2018): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2018.0.11977.
Annotation:
[straipsnis, santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Lietuvoje administracinės teisės paskaitos buvo pradėtos skaityti 1922 m. rudenį Lietuvos universitete. Skaitė jas V. Biržiška, pripažintas Lietuvos knygotyrininkas, dokumentotyrininkas, spaudos ir knygos istorijos žinovas, bibliografas, biografistikos pradininkas. V. Biržiška nėra išleidęs nė vieno veikalo, susijusio su administracine teise, išskyrus, manytina, administracinės teisės paskaitų planus, atspindėjusius administracinės teisės paskaitų turinį ir to meto teisininkų supratimą apie šią teisės šaką. Be to, tarpukario Lietuvoje iki 1939 metų nebuvo knygų, skirtų administracinės teisės studijoms. Taigi, tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti 1931–1932 ir 1936–1937 metų administracinės teisės dalyko planus bei 1935 m. ir 1937 m. išleistus paskaitų konspektus kaip vienintelius to meto administracinės teisės studijų šaltinius.
32
Thöndl, Michael. „Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi, die „Paneuropa-Union“ und der Faschismus 1923–1938“. Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 98, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 326–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2018-0015.
Annotation:
Riassunto In un primo momento Coudenhouve-Kalergi concepì la „Paneuropa“ come un’unione di stati democratici. Purtuttavia tentò già nel 1923 di coinvolgervi anche il fascismo, considerandolo una potenza legittima per combattere il bolscevismo. In quanto deciso avversario del nazionalsocialismo, sperava fin dal 1933 che Mussolini avrebbe garantito l’indipendenza dell’Austria. Tra il 1933 e il 1936 propagò una „Paneuropa fascista“, ma la nascita dell’„asse“ tra l’Italia e la Germania portò a un suo – inizialmente poco convinto – distacco dal fascismo. Fino a quel momento il dittatore italiano e la diplomazia italiana avevano cercato di utilizzare i suoi contatti politici, aprendogli in cambio la possibilità di pubblicare in Italia interventi tesi a legittimare la guerra in Etiopia, a differenziare la nazione austriaca da quella tedesca, o a rifiutare la dottrina della razza dei nazionalsocialisti. La polizia segreta fascista lo considerò però sempre un incorregibile antifascista. Verso la fine del 1937 Coudenhouve-Kalergi diede alle stampe la sua opera „Stato totale – l’uomo totale“ dalle tendenze moderatamente antifasciste la cui introduzione in Italia fu proibita. Ciononostante cercò ancora nel 1938 dall’esilio svizzero – ora però invano – la collaborazione con il fascismo.
33
Uvarov, Sergey Nikolaevich. „ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN UDMURTIA IN THE 1930s“. Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, Nr. 4 (25.12.2019): 664–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-4-664-677.
Annotation:
The article examines the unexplored topic of demographic processes that took place among Russians, Udmurts, Tatars and Mari of Udmurtia in the 1930s. The sources were mainly unpublished current statistics, as well as census materials, including unpublished ones. For the first time, information on ethnic fertility and mortality from 1930 to 1939 was introduced into scientific circulation. in the region (except 1932, data for which could not be found in the archives). They made it possible to trace the dynamics and compare the trends of the natural movement of the largest nationalities in the region, to establish the factors that influenced reproduction. Among them is famine, and demographic indicators prove that in 1936 it was no less significant than in 1932-1933. The results of natural growth are calculated. Based on them, it was concluded that assimilation has not yet played a big role, and the number of Russians and Tatars has increased significantly due to their resettlement in Udmurtia. The relative values of ethnic reproduction for 1926 and 1939 were also calculated. The Udmurts had the highest birth rate during these years, and the Mari in mortality in 1926 and the Udmurts in 1939. The national composition of Udmurtia in 1926 was determined within the 1939 borders. This allowed, firstly, to establish a real increase the number of four peoples during the census period within the same territory. Secondly, it was possible to determine that in 1927-1938. Territories were added to the oblast on which in December 1926 263,774 people lived. The findings and results will help to take a fresh look at the regional history of the 1930s.
34
Куске, М., und И. Тёдт. „An Afterword by Publishers of ‘Nachfolge’ (Discipleship), a Book by D. Bonhoeffer“. Библия и христианская древность, Nr. 2(14) (15.06.2022): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bca.2022.14.2.003.
Annotation:
Данная публикация представляет собой первый перевод с немецкого языка послесловия к книге Д. Бонхёффера «Nachfolge», написанного Мартином Куске и Ильзей Тёдт - издателями четвёртого тома «Dietrich Bonhöffer Werke» (второго собрания сочинений Д. Бонхёффера). В этой публикации представлены первые две части из четырёх, составляющих послесловие. В них затрагиваются следующие вопросы: ранние этические воззрения Д. Бонхёффера (1926-1929); его обращение к пацифизму, а затем к Писанию (1930-1932); исторический и политический контекст работы над черновиками «Nachfolge» (1933- 1937). Даётся краткий обзор литературных собеседников автора. Перевод дополнен нашими комментариями, которые представлены вторым уровнем сносок. This publication is the first translation from German of the afterword to D. Bonhoeffer’s book «Nachfolge» (Discipleship), written by Martin Kuske and Ilse Tödt, publishers of the fourth volume of «Dietrich Bonhöffer Werke» (the second collected works of D. Bonhoeffer). This publication presents the first two parts of the four that make up the afterword. They address the following issues: the early ethical views of D. Bonhoeffer (1926-1929); his turn to pacifism and then to Scripture (1930-1932); the historical and political context of the work on the drafts of the Nachfolge (1933-1937). A brief review of the author’s literary interlocutors is given. The translation is supplemented by our comments, which are presented by the second level of footnotes.
35
Tałuć, Katarzyna. „Prasa polska okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego o turystyce masowej“. Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (18.08.2021): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.16.
Annotation:
The author of the article seeks to examine accounts published in selected tourist and satirical magazines in the Second Polish Republic in 1918–1939 and addressed to a wide readership. She has selected titles published in big cities — Warsaw and Kraków — because their big-city nature implied the way in which the subject matter in question was presented. The analysed periodicals are: the Warsaw Turysta (1927–1928) and Wiadomości Turystyczne (1931–1939); the Warsaw-Kraków Turysta w Polsce (1934, 1935–1938) and the satirical magazine Wróble na Dachu published in Kraków and Warsaw in 1930–1939. The author has carried out a qualitative analysis, using the tools of literature and press studies, and has identified journalistic strategies employed to popularise mass tourism in the mountains.
36
Delorenzo Neto, Antônio. „Problemas do Município de Ourinhos (estado de São Paulo)“. Revista do Serviço Público 67, Nr. 03 (10.09.2020): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v67i03.5098.
Annotation:
A lei estadual de São Paulo, n.° 1.618, de 13 de dezembro de 1918, criouo Município de Ourinhos — distrito desde 1915 — com território desmembradodo de Salto Grande do Parapanema, tendo sido instalado em 20 demarço de 1919. Na divisão administrativa referente ao ano de 1933 e nasterritoriais datadas de 31-XII-1936 e 31-XII-1937, bem como no quadro anexoao Decreto-lei estadual n.° 9 .07 3 , de 31 de março de 1938, o Município deOurinhos compõe-se, unicamente, do distrito dêste nome, sendo mantida essasituação nos quadros fixados pelos Decretos estaduais de ns. 9.775. de 30de novembro de 1938, e 14.334, de 30 de novembro de 1944, para vigorarem,'respectivamente, no qüinqüênio 1939-1943 e em 1945-1948, tendo adquiridoseu distrito sede, partes dos de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Pedrodo Turvo e Salto Grande, dos Municípios dêsses nomes, e perdeu parte domesmo, anexada ao de Salto Grande, do Município assim denominado
37
BOOHER, DOUGLAS B. „Taxonomic clarification of two Nearctic Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)“. Zootaxa 4664, Nr. 3 (04.09.2019): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.7.
Annotation:
In 1901, Forel described an ant species from a relatively poorly known genus of ants from North America, naming it Strumigenys pilinasis. In 1931 M. R. Smith obtained the holotype and redescribed it, and he included a first illustration. The description was incomplete and the illustration resembled Strumigenys brevisetosa Smith, 1935, more than it resembled S. pilinasis, which led subsequent taxonomists to make consistent misidentifications and to consider S. brevisetosa to be a synonym of S. pilinasis. Here I redescribe both S. pilinasis and S. brevisetosa (revived status). Strumigenys manni Wesson & Wesson, 1939, and S. ohioensis Kennedy & Schramm, 1933, are new junior synonyms of S. pilinasis, and S medialis Kennedy & Schramm, 1933, is a new junior synonym of S. brevisetosa.
38
Granato, Natália Cristina. „O PODER LEGISLATIVO PARANAENSE NO CONTEXTO DA REVOLUÇÃO DE 1930: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS CAPITAIS FAMILIARES E POLÍTICOS DOS DEPUTADOS FEDERAIS E ESTADUAIS (1930 A 1937)“. Revista NEP - Núcleo de Estudos Paranaenses da UFPR 5, Nr. 1 (28.06.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/nep.v5i1.67657.
Annotation:
O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as trajetórias políticas e os capitais familiares dos deputados federais e estaduais eleitos para as legislaturas de 1930 a 1935. O contexto analisado refere-se à Revolução de 1930. Nossa intenção é verificar de que maneira a Revolução de 1930 afetou a política paranaense e quais foram as continuidades e rupturas verificáveis nos levantamentos biográficos desses agentes políticos. A amostra de deputados abrangerá a análise do biênio de 1930-1931, cujos mandatos foram atravessados pelo Movimento de 1930 e interrompidos pelo processo revolucionário. Verificaremos se os agentes que compõe essa amostra tiveram continuidade nas carreiras políticas no decorrer da década de 1930, levantando informações de redes familiares e sociais dos quais os mesmos pertenciam. Outra parte da análise será composta pelos deputados federais eleitos para a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, no ano de 1933 e os deputados estaduais eleitos para o exercício do mandato de 1935 a 1937, ano em que o golpe do Estado Novo fechou o poder legislativo nas esferas estadual e federal. Verificaremos quais eram as redes sociais e familiares destes agentes. A principal perspectiva teórica desse trabalho será a de Pierre Bourdieu nas suas considerações sobre o campo político e os capitais acumulados pelos seus agentes, que incluem, além dos capitais propriamente políticos, os capitais familiares, sociais, econômicos e intelectuais, que acumulam e incrementam suas posições na sociedade paranaense. Também refletiremos sobre a reprodução de posições na política por parte dos seus agentes, em momentos de inflexão política, como é o caso da Revolução de 1930.O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as trajetórias políticas e os capitais familiares dos deputados federais e estaduais eleitos para as legislaturas de 1930 a 1935. O contexto analisado refere-se à Revolução de 1930. Nossa intenção é verificar de que maneira a Revolução de 1930 afetou a política paranaense e quais foram as continuidades e rupturas verificáveis nos levantamentos biográficos desses agentes políticos. A amostra de deputados abrangerá a análise do biênio de 1930-1931, cujos mandatos foram atravessados pelo Movimento de 1930 e interrompidos pelo processo revolucionário. Verificaremos se os agentes que compõe essa amostra tiveram continuidade nas carreiras políticas no decorrer da década de 1930, levantando informações de redes familiares e sociais dos quais os mesmos pertenciam. Outra parte da análise será composta pelos deputados federais eleitos para a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, no ano de 1933 e os deputados estaduais eleitos para o exercício do mandato de 1935 a 1937, ano em que o golpe do Estado Novo fechou o poder legislativo nas esferas estadual e federal. Verificaremos quais eram as redes sociais e familiares destes agentes. A principal perspectiva teórica desse trabalho será a de Pierre Bourdieu nas suas considerações sobre o campo político e os capitais acumulados pelos seus agentes, que incluem, além dos capitais propriamente políticos, os capitais familiares, sociais, econômicos e intelectuais, que acumulam e incrementam suas posições na sociedade paranaense. Também refletiremos sobre a reprodução de posições na política por parte dos seus agentes, em momentos de inflexão política, como é o caso da Revolução de 1930.
39
Tokár, F., und E. Krekulová. „Structure, quality, production, LAI and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) stand “. Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (10.01.2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4545-jfs.
Annotation:
The paper evaluates the growth, structure, production, quality, leaf area index and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) monoculture situated in the forest type group Fageto-Quercetum in the locality Horné Lefantovce (Nitrianska Streda Forest District, Topoľčianky Forest Enterprise). Codominant trees, trees with stem of high quality, with medium-sized crown, medium dense and straight crown are the most abundant in the stand. The tree number in the stand is 1,024 trees/ha, basal area 51.75 m2/ha, growing stock 571.56 m3/ha, aboveground biomass stock 348.76 t/ha and leaf area index 21.85 ha/ha. Dendrochronological analyses examined the response in individual sample trees and minimum annual ring width was found in 1920, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1938, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1954, 1963, 1968, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2001. Marked maximum values of annual ring width in the years 1919, 1923, 1926, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1997 were found as a positive productive feature. Beginning in the year 1993, dry Austrian pine trees occurred in the stand as a result of the fungal infection by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko et Sutton.
40
Kędzior, Krzysztof, und Cezary Rzymkowski. „Professor Jan Oderfeld (1908-2010). A Tribute on the Occasion of Unveiling the Commemorative Plaque at Warsaw University of Technology“. Archive of Mechanical Engineering 62, Nr. 3 (01.09.2015): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2015-0017.
Annotation:
Streszczenie Absolwent Wydziału Mechanicznego Politechniki Warszawskiej (1930), współtwórca pierwszych w Polsce działających modeli silników odrzutowych: turbinowego (1931) oraz pulsacyjnego (1933). Od 1932 r. pracował w Wytwórni Silników Skoda - PZL, gdzie współuczestniczył w projektowaniu, budowie i badaniu nowoczesnego lotniczego silnika rzędowego. W latach 1937-1939 wykładał przedmiot Silniki Lotnicze w Warszawskiej Szkole Podchorążych Lotnictwa. Po wojnie początkowo wykładał w Wyższej Szkole Inżynierskiej im. H. Wawelberga i S. Rotwanda, a następnie od roku 1949 na Politechnice Warszawskiej, gdzie od roku 1955 do emerytury w 1978 r. był kierownikiem Katedry Teorii Maszyn i Mechanizmów a 19 lutego 2008 r., z okazji setnej rocznicy urodzin, został uhonorowany tytułem Doktora honoris causa. Był twórcą polskiej szkoły TMM i współzałożycielem (1969) Międzynarodowej Federacji Teorii Maszyn i Mechanizmów. W latach 1945-1951 pracował także w Polskim Komitecie Normalizacyjnym, gdzie był twórcą polskiego systemu norm i promotorem statystycznej kontroli jakości wyrobów w przemyśle - w tej dziedzinie doktoryzował się w 1951 r. W latach 1951-1974 działał też w PAN, gdzie prowadził grupę zastosowań matematyki. Był inicjatorem utworzenia w 1954 r. i współredaktorem kwartalnika Archiwum Budowy Maszyn (obecnie: Archive of Mechanical Engineering). Był aktywnym członkiem Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej, w tym inicjatorem i aktywnym współorganizatorem Olimpiad Wiedzy Technicznej dla uzdolnionych technicznie licealistów.
41
Harrison, Joseph. „Hernandez Andreu y la crisis de 1929“. Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 5, Nr. 1 (März 1987): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900014919.
Annotation:
En marcado contraste con las experiencias de Estados Unidos, Alemania o Gran Bretaña, hay numerosos indicios de la superficialidad de la recesión económica española en los años treinta. Recientemente, la revisión de las estimaciones de la Renta Nacional, efectuada por Julio Alcaide, mostró la sostenida tendencia al alza de la economía española entre 1929 y 1935, excepto por pequeños descensos en 1930, 1933 y 1935. En conjunto, según las cifras proporcionadas por Alcaide, la Renta Nacional, en pesetas constantes de 1964, creció en un 9,7 por 100 en estos siete años. Sin embargo, como Juan Hernández Andreu nos recuerda en su último libro, el número de parados al sus de los Pirineos se elevó hasta alcanzar la cifra de 801.322 en junio de 1936, por lo que no se puede poner en duda que al Gobierno del Frente Popular le fue tan mal en este aspecto como al de Hoover en sus últimos meses, a la República de Weimar o al segundo Gobierno laborista de MacDonald, en Gran Bretaña. Si aceptamos los datos de la Sociedad de Naciones sobre la producción industrial, los índices mundiales (excluyendo a la Unión Soviética) cayeron en un 37 por 100, los de Norteamérica en un 45 por 100 y los de la Europa no comunista en un 29 por 100, entre 1929 y 1932. España, por su parte, alcanzó el punto más bajo de su producción industrial en 1933, con un 15 por 100 por debajo del nivel de 1929.
42
LI, GUO-FENG, und FA-KE ZHENG. „A new species of the genus Oxyporus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae) from Yunnan, China“. Zootaxa 3067, Nr. 1 (25.10.2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3067.1.6.
Annotation:
The genus Oxyporus Fabricius was established by Fabricius in 1775 with Staphylinus rufus Linné as the type species. Prior to this study, 114 species of the genus were known worldwide in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions (Herman, 2001). In the subgenus Oxyporus, 37 species were hitherto known to occur in China (Bernhauer, 1933, 1938, 1943; Alekandrov, 1933, 1934; Adachi, 1939; Hayashi, 1975, 1985; Zheng, 1992, 1997, 2010; Li, 1992, 1993; Huang et al., 2005, 2006), with 30 recorded from Mainland China and 7 from Taiwan. However, only 3 species have been reported from Yunnan, China. During this study on the Oxyporus of Yunnan, we found that our specimens represent a new species. Herein, we describe Oxyporus (Oxyporus) puerius sp. nov. and provide color images of the habitus and aedeagus.
43
Skliar, Volodymyr. „POPULATION CHANGES IN THE KRASNOKUTSK DISTRICT OF THE KHARKIV REGION DURING 1926–1937: DEMOGRAPHIC LOSSES AS A RESULT OF THE HOLODOMOR OF 1932–1933“. Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, Nr. 25 (2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.15.
Annotation:
The Holodomor of 1932–1933 is the genocide of the Ukrainian people. It became an effective instrument of the Stalinist totalitarian regime policy aimed at humiliating of Ukrainians. The extermination of Ukrainian peasants by the famine of 1933 was accompanied by mass repression of the Ukrainian elite, the cessation of the "Ukrainization" policy and the return to the traditional policy of Russification of Ukraine. The largest demographic losses from the Holodomor of 1932–1933, together with the Kyiv region, experienced also the Kharkiv region. On the basis of the analysis of statistical materials of the census of 1926 and 1937, an intensive reduction of the population of the Krasnokutsk district of the Kharkiv region was revealed. As a result of the Holodomor of 1932–1933, the district lost almost a third of its population. On the place of the extinct Ukrainians, the Stalinist regime settled the migrants, first of all, Russians from the Central Black-Earth region of Russia. Therefore, the immediate human losses because of the Holodomor in the Krasnokutsk region were even greater, because the 1937 census took into account not only the population that survived in this demographic catastrophe, but also the recent migrants. The Holodomor of 1932–1933 in the Krasnokutsk district, like in the other rural areas of the Ukrainian SSR, became a genocide of Ukrainian people. According to the census of 1926 the proportion of Ukrainians constituted 99% of the total population of the Krasnokutst District. But the "dry" statistics of the demographic losses of Ukraine from the Holodomor of 1932–1933 shows the tragic fates of millions of Ukrainian peasants when the whole families were destroyed and the consequences were reflected in subsequent generations.
44
Zulini, Jaqueline Porto, und Paolo Ricci. „O CÓDIGO ELEITORAL DE 1932 E AS ELEIÇÕES DA ERA VARGAS: UM PASSO NA DIREÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA?“ Estudos Históricos (Rio de Janeiro) 33, Nr. 71 (Dezember 2020): 600–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2178-14942020000300009.
Annotation:
Resumo Como interpretar o Código Eleitoral de 1932? Ele introduziu medidas consideradas fundamentais para ampliar a participação política e viabilizar a eleição das oposições, adotando voto secreto, representação proporcional, voto feminino, voto obrigatório e Justiça Eleitoral. A literatura costuma apontar o Código como um progresso das instituições brasileiras rumo à democracia. Esse artigo propõe uma interpretação alternativa. Analisando o contexto da concepção dessas regras e o impacto delas nas eleições de 1933 e 1934, argumentamos que o Código Eleitoral de 1932 atendeu aos interesses do governo autoritário que buscava legitimar a Revolução de 1930 nas urnas.
45
Jopp, Tobias A. „How Technologically Progressive Was Germany in the Interwar Period? Evidence on Total Factor Productivity in Coal Mining“. Journal of Economic History 76, Nr. 4 (17.11.2016): 1113–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050716001005.
Annotation:
The discussion of the rationalization wave in German industry (1924–1929) still lacks proper industry-level estimates of the rate of technological progress. To close part of this gap, this article investigates total factor productivity (TFP) growth in hard coal mining over the extended period 1913–1938. Stochastic Frontier Analysis is applied to a sample of firms from the Ruhr coal district. TFP grew positively overall and specifically from 1924–1929. Surprisingly, however, TFP growth was even faster from 1933–1938, suggesting that the Nazi economy heavily capitalized on the Weimar rationalization movement, the effects of which are usually not traced beyond 1932.
46
Adriano, Cavalleri, Helena Piccoli Romanowski und Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli. „Thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera) inhabiting plants of the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil“. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, Nr. 2 (Juni 2006): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000200009.
Annotation:
This study is a contribution to the knowledge of the thysanopterofauna of southern Brazil. From June 2003 to April 2004, seasonal field trips were conducted at the Parque Estadual de Itapuã (50º50'-51º05'W and 30º20'-30º27'S), in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, to collect shoots with/without flowers of various plant species. The material was brought to the laboratory where the thrips were sorted. A total of 23 thrips species belonging to 15 genera and two families were obtained. Nine of the species resulted as new record for Rio Grande do Sul (*), and other two also for Brazil (**). The species sampled are as follows: Aneristothrips claripennis (Moulton, 1933)*, Aurantothrips orchidearum (Bondar, 1931)*, Ceratothripoides lagoenacollus (Moulton, 1933)*, Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907)*, Chaetisothrips striatus (Hood, 1935), Coremothrips pallidus Hood, 1925*, Craniothrips urichi Bagnall, 1915, Frankliniella bertelsi (De Santis, 1967), Frankliniella distinguenda Bagnall*, 1919, Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, 1948*, Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, 1919, Frankliniella insularis (Franklin, 1908), Frankliniella oxyura Bagnall, 1919*, Frankliniella rodeos Moulton, 1933, Haplothrips fiebrigi Priesner, 1931, Hoodothrips lineatus (Hood, 1928), Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, 1910), Neohydatothrips denigratus (De Santis, 1966)**, Neohydatothrips fasciatus (Moulton, 1938)*, Neohydatothrips flavens (Moulton, 1941), Paraleucothrips minusculus Johansen, 1983**, Smicrothrips particula Hood, 1952, Thrips australis (Bagnall, 1915).
47
Ashbrook, William. „Wiener Staatsoper (Live) Recordings: 1933/1934/1935“. Opera Quarterly 5, Nr. 1 (1987): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/5.1.147.
48
Olejnik, Leszek. „Działalność Jana Plewińskiego w ruchu ludowym w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej i w konspiracji antyhitlerowskiej“. Zeszyty Wiejskie 28, Nr. 2 (07.02.2023): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1506-6541.28.17.
Annotation:
Jana Plewińskiego (1898–1970) zaliczyć można do grona najwybitniejszych w dziejach najnowszych działaczy ludowych ziemi sieradzkiej. Obecnie jednak jest raczej mało znany, jakby zapomniany. Od 1919 r. działał w ruchu ludowym w kole młodzieży swojej rodzinnej wsi Strzałki (gmina Majaczewice). Od 1923 r. związał się z PSL „Wyzwolenie”, a od 1931 r. działał w Stronnictwie Ludowym (SL), w którym wtedy skupili się członkowie trzech dotąd samodzielnie funkcjonujących ugrupowań chłopskich. Najsilniejszą pozycję Plewiński wypracował sobie w latach 30. XX w., zarówno w SL jak i ZMW RP „Wici”. Od 1934 r. wchodził w skład Zarządu Powiatowego SL, w rok później objął funkcję sekretarza powiatowego i piastował ją do wybuchu II wojny światowej. W 1936 r. wybrany został do Zarządu Wojewódzkiego SL w Łodzi. W latach 1935–1936 stał na czele powiatowych struktur ZMW RP „Wici”. W latach 1936–1938 był członkiem Zarządu Wojewódzkiego tej organizacji. Był związany ze środowiskiem młodych, radykalnych działaczy ludowych, którzy skupili się wokół wydawanego wpierw w Poznaniu, a następnie w Łodzi czasopisma „Chłopskie Życie Gospodarcze”. Był cenionym prelegentem i często występował na różnych zgromadzeniach publicznych organizowanych przez sieradzki ruch ludowy. Współorganizował wielki strajk chłopski w 1937 r. Za swą działalność przeciw władzy sanacyjnej był w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej kilkakrotnie więziony. Na początku okupacji hitlerowskiej (listopad–grudzień 1939) znalazł się w sieradzkim więzieniu (w ramach antypolskich represji okupanta). Po ucieczce z więzienia włączył się aktywnie w tworzenie struktur konspiracji ludowej. Należał do kierownictwa lokalnego tej konspiracji (wchodził w skład „trójki” a następnie „piątki” powiatowej SL „Roch”, w latach 1944–1945 – po aresztowaniu Adama Banacha stanął na czele konspiracji ludowej powiatu sieradzkiego). Był także żołnierzem „Chłostry”, a od 1941 r. Batalionów Chłopskich. Jego działalność w latach 1945–1972 w ruchu ludowym (w SL, PSL, ZSL) szerzej opisuję w szkicu biograficznym zamieszczonym w numerze 37 (2021) „Rocznika Historycznego Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego” w Warszawie.
49
Wheeler, Terry A., und Mary Beverley-Burton. „Systematics of Onchocleidus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae): generic revision“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, Nr. 1 (01.01.1989): 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-020.
Annotation:
The genus Onchocleidus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is revised. Diagnostic characters for the genus include a dextral vaginal opening, a spiral filament encircling the penis, and dorsal hamuli with reduced deep roots. Haplocleidus Mueller, 1937 and Pterocleidus Mueller, 1937 are declared junior synonyms of Onchocleidus. Onchocleidus, as presently recognized, contains 24 valid species: O. ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936 (type species); O. acer Mueller, 1936; Onchocleidus affinis (Mueller, 1937) n.comb.; O. attenuatus (Mizelle, 1941) Beverley-Burton, 1984; Onchocleidus chaenobryttus (Mizelle and Seamster, 1939) n.comb.; O. chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984; O. chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Beverley-Burton, 1984; O. cyanellus Mizelle, 1938; O. dispar Mueller, 1936; O. distinctus Mizelle, 1936; Onchocleidus doloresae (Hargis, 1952) n.comb.; Onchocleidus flieri (Putz and Hoffman, 1966) n.comb.; Onchocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) n.comb.; Onchocleidus grandis (Mizelle and Seamster, 1939) n.comb.; O. interruptus Mizelle, 1936; Onchocleidus macropterus (Harrises, 1962) n.comb.; O. mimus Mueller, 1936; Onchocleidus miniatus (Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942) n.comb.; Onchocleidus nactus (Mayes and Johnson, 1975) n.comb.; Onchocleidus parvicirrus (Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942) n.comb.; O. principalis Mizelle, 1936; O. similis Mueller, 1936; Onchocleidus tuberculatus (Allison and Rogers, 1970) Cloutman, 1988; and Onchocleidus variabilis (Mizelle and Cronin, 1943) n.comb. Six species (O. acuminatus Mizelle, 1936; Pterocleidus biramosus Mueller, 1937; O. helicis Mueller, 1936; O. perdix Mueller, 1937; O. spiralis Mueller, 1937; and Urocleidus wadei Seamster, 1948) are considered species inquirendae. A key to the species of Onchocleidus is included.
50
Potapova, N. A. „The Korean diaspora in the USSR in the 1930s“. BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 135, Nr. 2 (2021): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-135-2-48-62.
Annotation:
The article is devoted to the so-called Korean problem in the Soviet Union and ways to find ways to solve it. The Bolsheviks inherited from the Russian Empire the unresolved issue of active settlement of the Far East by Koreans. The migration from Japanese Korea was massive and uncontrolled. Unlike the Chinese, who settled all over the Soviet Union, Koreans settled compactly in the far eastern region. According to the 1937 census, the diaspora in the USSR numbered about 200,000 people. Since the 1920s, the Bolshevik government has attempted to solve the Korean question in the country, including repression of the diaspora. However, the Bolsheviks resorted to drastic and decisive measures in the 1930s. At this time, persecution of the Korean population increased. The main reason for persecution was the desire of the Bolshevik government to rid the country of «unreliable» and «dangerous» elements. The repression of Koreans in the 1930s can be divided into two stages. The first stage covers the period from the beginning of the new decade to the summer of 1937. This period is characterized by sporadic arrests of the Korean population, with the peak of persecution being in 1931- 1932 due to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and, consequently, a new wave of the Korean population emerged in the Soviet Far East. The Japanese military threat was the main reason for the Bolshevik government to look for foreign spies and agents in the USSR, and the population living in territories occupied by Japan and ending up in the Soviet Union were charged with Japanese espionage. The Koreans therefore became a category of the so-called fifth column. The targeted repressions in the first half of the 1930s were replaced by mass punitive actions in the second half of the 1930s, which reached their peak in 1937-1938. The repression of Koreans in 1937- 1938 comprised conditionally two punitive campaigns. The first campaign was the deportation of far eastern Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The second was the arrests and convictions of the Korean population during the period of the Great Terror as part of the mass operations of the NKVD (The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ), particularly the «Harbin» operation. Before 1937-1938, arrests and convictions of Koreans ranged in the hundreds. Thus, for example, in 1933 213 persons were convicted of espionage, in 1934 - 104, in 1935 - 200. During the period of the Big Terror only under the order No.00593 there were convicted about 5 thousand Koreans.