Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „1933-“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "1933-":
1
Teslyuk, Roman T., Nataliya I. Andrusyshyn und Mariya V. Bachynska. „The features of the USSR population reproduction in 1920–1930 in the demographic stability parameters“. Regional Economy, Nr. 2(100) (2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-2-11.
Annotation:
The 1932–1933 Holodomor genocide caused a significant reduction of the population and distorted the main parameters of the country’s demographic stability. To analyze the changes in the population by the longitudinal analysis method, the survival rates are calculated for age groups of the population in the intercensal periods. Calculations based on the data of 1926 and 1939 censuses show substantial inconsistencies in the survival rate for five female age groups within the range of 33-57 years old. Despite the 1932–1933 demographic catastrophe and taking into account the natural mortality before and after the Holodomor, the number of people in these age categories changed slightly and even increased for the 43-47 category. The authors prove that migration in the intercensal period couldn’t have caused such growth, and the calculated coefficients confirm the questionable quality of the 1939 census. The paper reveals that the first stage of demographic transition should have been in 1932–1933, yet historical-political and socio-economic conditions of demographic reproduction aggravated considerably in early 1930. The recovery of the high birth rate in 1937–1938 shows that the first stage of demographic transition wasn’t finalized. Calculation of the number of women in the most active childbirth age and analysis of birth rate for 1924–1929 shows that in 1930–1933, the birth rate should have increased. The calculated indirect demographic losses account 310,000-430,000 annually for 1930, 1931, 1937, and 1938, and from 630,000 to 1 million for 1932–1936. Such insignificant volume of indirect losses substantially reduced demographic stability, in the first place of Ukrainian village. The incomplete and questionable nature of demographic data after 1932 does not allow complete reconstruction of the demographic reproduction processes in the USSR in the 1930s. Archive data on the natural movement of the population on lover administrative-territorial levels, current statistical recordings, and recordings of the civil status acts on birth and mortality, etc. can be the perspective sources of demographic information.
2
Tremblay, Jonathan. „La contribution des conservateurs à la longue survie des organisations fascistes d’Adrien Arcand. Un élément d’explication“. Globe 18, Nr. 1 (04.11.2016): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037877ar.
Annotation:
De 1929 jusqu’à sa mort en 1967, Adrien Arcand assume la direction de l’Ordre patriotique des goglus (1929-1934), du Parti national social-chrétien (1934-1938) et du Parti de l’Unité nationale du Canada (1938-1940, 1947-1958, 1965-1967). Pendant ce temps, il publie plusieurs journaux, dont Le Goglu (1929-1933), Le Miroir (1929-1933), Le Chameau (1930-1932), Le Patriote (1933-1938), Le Fasciste canadien (1935-1938), Le Combat national (1938-1939), L’Unité nationale (1953-1958) et Serviam (1965-2001). Pour financer ses médias et ses mouvements politiques constamment déficitaires, Arcand se comporte comme un véritable mercenaire en rendant deux sortes de services aux conservateurs qui consentent à lui verser des subsides. Il leur offre en tout premier lieu ses talents d’éditorialiste en soutenant constamment leur politique dans ses journaux. Il demande, en second lieu, à ses disciples fascistes de militer en faveur de leur parti politique lors des campagnes électorales. C’est en concluant ce genre d’accords avec les principaux ténors du Parti conservateur du Canada et de l’Union nationale qu’Adrien Arcand a pu mener en toute impunité sa campagne antisémite et fasciste pendant plus de trente ans.
3
شاكر الكيم, حيدر ناظم. „النهج الجديد (1933-1938) للرئيس الأمريكي فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت“. Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, Nr. 31 (22.11.2018): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss31.645.
Annotation:
بعد الأزمة الإقتصادية المدمرة المعروف بالكساد الكبير (1929) وبقيت آثاره شاخص ومؤثرة حتى (1939)، التي ضربت الإقتصاد الأمريكي، وإمتدت آثارها إلى كل العالم، بادر الرئيس الجديد (فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت) فور فوزه بمنصب الرئاسة في (1932)، بإطلاق حملة إصلاحية إمتدت للمدة (1933- 1938) عرفت بـ(النهج الجديد)، روج لها خلال حملته الإنتخابية. جاءت تلك الحملة على مرحلتين من البرامج الهادفة والمتخصصة التي غطت شتى القطاعات الإقتصادية والإجتماعية، الأولى عرفت بـ(حملة الجديد الأولى)، والتي إستمرت تشريعاتها بالصدور للمدة (1933-1934)، وتم التركز في برامجها وتشريعاتها على مشاريع الإغاثة الآنية ذات التأثير العاجل والمؤقت لإيقاف التداعيات المتسارعة للإزمة الإقتصادية من إيقاف إنهيار سوق الأسهم وقيمة العملة تقليص عدد العاطلين عن العمل ولو بصورة مؤقتة. أما (حملة الجديد الثانية) التي إستمرت للمدة (1935-1938) حتى نهاية الركود الإقتصادي (1937-1938) وبروز بوادر الحرب العالمية الثانية. وكان التركيز في برامج هذه الحزمة من الإصلاحات على إيقاف العمل بمشاريع الطوارئ والبرامج المؤقتة، والإنتقال من مرحلة الإغاثة إلى مرحلة الإنعاش الإقتصادي الهادف لإيجاد أسس معالجة جديدة أعمق تأثيراً وأطول أمداً وتأسيس بنية إقتصادية أكثر متانة وفاعلية.
4
Markovskyi, Andrii. „PARALLELS OF GERMAN AVANT-GARDE ARCHITECTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN KYIV“. Current problems of architecture and urban planning, Nr. 58 (30.11.2020): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.302-313.
Annotation:
The article presents a comparative analysis of some key objects of German and Kyiv architecture of the early twentieth century to determine the corresponding trends. Parallels and identities are shown and noted. An analysis of the background and context is given, as well as the author's conclusions of the respective styles. In particular, German Werkbund, international Art Nouveau, Ukrainian architectural Art Nouveau, "New Objectivity", Bauhaus, functionalism, constructivism, post-constructivism, German and Soviet neoclassicism are mentioned.
Were analyzed in detail: The Fagus Factory (1910-1911) by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, Centennial Hall (1911-1913) by the Max Berg, the Kyiv district power plant (named after Stalin), (1926–1930) by Mikhailo Parusnikov with the participation of George Goltz and Andrey Burov, Rolit (1932) by Vasul. Krychesky, Ehrentempel (1933–1936) and The Haus der Kunst in Munich (1933 - 1937) by Paul Ludwig Troost, competitive proposals for the construction of the Government Quarter in Kyiv (1934 - 1935) and the hotel within the Government Quarter (1939). Mentioned Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) by Marcello Piacentini, projects by Albert Speer and others.
The article summarizes a series of author's researches devoted to a detailed analysis of international context and parallels of Kyiv architecture which is represented in the background of the consistent artistic transitions (from eclecticism and historical reminiscences to modernism, from Art Nouveau to avant-garde, from constructivism to Soviet neoclassicism and, finally, from Stalinist empire to modernism).
5
LONGINO, JOHN T. „The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica“. Zootaxa 151, Nr. 1 (05.03.2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.151.1.1.
Annotation:
The taxonomy and natural history of the ant genus Crematogaster are reviewed for the Costa Rican fauna. Thirtyone species are known, and a key is provided for these and two additional species from adjacent regions of Panama. Species boundaries are evaluated over their entire range when possible. The taxonomic history of the genus is one of unbridled naming of new species and subspecies, with no synthetic works or keys. Major taxonomic changes are proposed, with the recognition of several polytypic species with very broad ranges and the synonymization of the many names associated with them. Crematogaster pygmaea Forel 1904, suturalis Forel 1912, ornatipilis Wheeler 1918, erici Santschi 1929, and chacoana Santschi 1933 are synonymized under abstinens Forel 1899; centralis Santschi 1932 under acuta (Fabricius 1804); aruga Forel 1913 under arcuata Forel 1899; ludio Forel 1912, armandi Forel 1921, inca Wheeler 1925, and cocciphila Borgmeier 1934 under brasiliensis Mayr 1878; parabiotica Forel 1904 under carinata Mayr 1862; brevispinosa Mayr 1870, minutior Forel 1893, schuppi Forel 1901, recurvispina Forel 1912, sampaioi Forel 1912, striatinota Forel 1912, townsendi Wheeler 1925, and chathamensis Wheeler 1933 under crinosa Mayr 1862; barbouri Weber 1934 under cubaensis Mann 1920; antillana Forel 1893, sculpturata Pergande 1896, kemali Santschi 1923, accola Wheeler 1934, phytoeca Wheeler 1934, panamana Wheeler 1942, and obscura Santschi 1929 under curvispinosa Mayr 1870; descolei Kusnezov 1949 under distans Mayr 1870; projecta Santschi 1925 under erecta Mayr 1866; carbonescens Forel 1913 under evallans Forel 1907; palans Forel 1912, ascendens Wheeler 1925, and dextella Santschi 1929 under limata F. Smith 1858; agnita Wheeler 1934 under obscurata Emery 1895; amazonensis Forel 1905, autruni Mann 1916, and guianensis Crawley 1916 under stollii Forel 1885; surdior Forel 1885, atitlanica Wheeler 1936, and maya Wheeler 1936 under sumichrasti Mayr 1870; tumulifera Forel 1899 and arizonensis Wheeler 1908 under torosa Mayr 1870. The following taxa are raised to species: ampla Forel 1912, brevidentata Forel 1912, chodati Forel 1921, crucis Forel 1912, cubaensis Mann 1920, goeldii Forel 1903, malevolens Santschi 1919, mancocapaci Santschi 1911, moelleri Forel 1912, montana Borgmeier 1939, obscurata Emery 1895, rochai Forel 1903, russata Wheeler 1925, sericea Forel 1912, stigmatica Forel 1911, sub-tonsa Santschi 1925, tenuicula Forel 1904, thalia Forel 1911, uruguayensis Santschi 1912, and vicina Andre 1893. The following new species are described: bryophilia, flavomicrops, flavosensitiva, foliocrypta, jardinero, levior, monteverdensis, raptor, snellingi, sotobosque, and wardi.
6
SERHIYCHUK, VOLODYMYR. „DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF THE HOLODOMOR GENOCIDE OF 1932-1933 IN UKRAINE“. Skhid 2, Nr. 2 (15.09.2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(2).239373.
Annotation:
The article analyzes the state of counting the casualties of the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. In par-ticular, there are testimonies of German and Italian diplomats of the time, who received confidential information from Soviet officials, which formed the basis of the established diaspora statement about the casualties: “from 7 to 10 million”. It is noted that during Gorbachev’s Perestroika in the USSR, Moscow was forced to recognize the Holodomor in Ukraine and allowed to write about the loss of 3.5 million people. Modern Ukrainian demographers, who work for foreign grants, continue to support this figure with some clarifications. At the same time, the primary documents of the Ukrainian archives, thanks to the historical and statistical method, make it possible to establish the minimum number of casualties during the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 at 7,117.6 thousand people, because the information has been perceived on the population of the UkrSSR as of early 1932 (32,680 thousand people) and those born in 1932-1933, which allows us to establish the presence of inhabitants of the city and village as of January 1, 1934 using updated materials of the All-Union Census of 1937 and human growth in 1934-1936 – only 26,815.8 thousand. And it should have been 33,853.5 thousand people. And the use of histor-ical-statistical method of calculation allows to reach the figure of 9.5 million in the UkrSSR. This is provided that the dead hungry Ukrainian peasants in Russia and Belarus, where they went for bread, and were shot by Soviet border guards or drowned in the Zbruch and the Dniester due to their inability to swim are counted; when the number of workers brought from the Soviet republics in 1932-1936 to the socialist new buildings of the UkrSSR, who were counted as its inhabitants during the All-Union census of 1937, etc., are established.Of particular importance for establishing the probability of these losses is the reconstruction of the correspondence of the occupancy of the first grades of Ukrainian schools in 1932-1939 with the number of births in 1924-1931. Thus, in the Orativ, Tarashchansky, and Pereyaslavsky districts of the then Kyiv Region, after 1933, half or even less of 8-year-old children were admitted to school. The same picture was observed in all areas of the current Poltava Region. As in all primary schools in the Petrykivka district of the Dnipropetrovsk Region, where almost half of last year’s students of 1st-3rd grades, who continued their education from September 1, 1933, were not admitted – 1,883.This comprehensive approach to the study has made it possible to establish the loss of children, which was not less than 4 million, and the total losses in the UkrSSR, using the historical and legal method, – more than 9 million people. More than 1 million losses of Ukrainians outside the UkrSSR should be added to these victims, which is a total of more than 10 million.
7
TARNAVSKYI, Roman. „Ethnography of the western and southern slavs at the reception of professor Adam Fischer“. Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3756.
Annotation:
Background: In 1924, the Department of Ethnology under the leadership of the Polish ethnologist, Professor Adam Fischer was established at Lviv University. The department was to specialize in Slavic issues. Thus, since the founding of the unit, Slav-ic ethnography has been one of the main topics in A. Fischer’s courses. However, until the early 1930s, these disciplines were concluded in areas of culture. A. Fischer began to implement another concept of lecture courses (by peoples or their groups) in the 1930s, after traveling to Central and Eastern Europe(travel geography included ethno-graphic centers of cities such as Prague, Brno, Martin, Bratislava, Vienna, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, Budapest). It was then that the Lviv professor started the series “Slavic Ethnography”. It was to consist of a synthesis of “General Characteristics of Slavic Ethnography” and 11 parts of the complex characteristics of individual Slavic peoples (coverage of such issues as the boundaries of ethnic territory and ethnographic zoning, stages of ethnic history, dialectal and anthropological features, the history of ethnographic research, areas of folk culture). Purpose: The work is aimed to analyze the views of the Polish ethnologist of the interwar period Adam Fischer on the Western and Southern Slavs, in particular on the basis of the manuscripts of a professor from the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society (Wrocław, Poland). Results: Among the West Slavic peoples, A. Fischer singled out the Polabians (German-assimilated Polabian tribes living in the area between the Elbe, the Oder and the Baltic Sea), Lusatians, Poles (the professor emphasized the population of Pomera-nia, in particular, the Kashubians, whose features against the background of the Polish people explained primarily by the Baltic influences), Czechs and Slovaks (in the series “Slavic Ethnography” two separate notebooks dedicated to these peoples were planned. Instead, in the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society there is one manuscript of two parts – “Czechs” and “Slovaks”, respectively, which was obviously influenced by their stay in the interwar period within one state). In developing the general scheme of the series“Slavic Ethnography”, A. Fischer often used the principle of the existence of the state among the people (which is ethnologically incorrect).This can be seen primarily in the materials about the South Slavs: separate notebooks of the series were to be devoted only to such South Slavic peoples as Serbs and Croats (A. Fischer characterized them as separate peoples with one language), Slovenes, Bulgarians.In the manuscript “Ethnography of Bulgaria” the scholar paid special attention to the Macedonians, emphasizing that part of the then Bul-garian state was not Bulgarian ethnic territory.Instead, Montenegrins and Bosnians (A. Fisher used the term “Muslim Serbo-Croats”) were mentioned occasionally by the pro-fessor in the context of the characterization of the peoples of Yugoslavia.The lecture course “Balkan Peninsula” prepared by A. Fischer deserves special attention. Here, the scientist used the geographical factor to the grouping of the material. Key words: Adam Fischer, Lviv University, “Slavic Ethnography”, Western Slavs, Southern Slavs, Ethnic Processes, Folk Culture. Archives of New Files in Warsaw [unpublished sourse], Mf Nr. B 11453 (2442). (In Polish) Archives of Polish Ethnological Society [unpublished sourse], No. inv. 16, 22, 31, 64, 66, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 87, 123, 124, 136, 154, 280, 281. (In Polish) Burszta, J., 1971. Ethnography of Poland and the Western Territories. Lud, 55, pp.15–28. (In Polish) Falkowski, J., 1931. Fischer A. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabian Slavs. Lviv-Warsaw 1932. Published by Książnica-Atlas. Page 40 + 1 map, with 18 engravings in the test. Price: 2.40 PLN. Lud, 30, pp.239–240. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książni-ca-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. Second issue: Lusatians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1934. Slavic Ethnography. Third issue: Poles. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1937. Trees in the beliefs and rituals of the Polish people, Lud, 35, pp.60–76. (In Polish) Kaminśkyj, W., 1927. Adam Fischer. Polish People. The Polish textbook, prepared with the allowance of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Education. With 3 maps and 58 fig. in text. Lviv – Warsaw – Kraków 1926. S. IV + 240. Lud, 26, pp.104–106. (In Polish) Kujawska, M., Łuczaj, Ł., Sosnowska, J. and Klepacki, P., 2016. Plants in folk beliefs and customs – Adam Fischer’s Dictionary. Wrocław: PTL. (In Polish) Lorentz, F., Lehr-Spławiński, T. and Fischer, A., 1934. Kashubians: folk culture and language. Toruń: In-t Bałtycki. (In Polish) Program of lectures for the summer semester of 1910/1911 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1911. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1921/1922 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1921. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 3rd trimester of the 1921–1922 academic year. Jan Kazim-ierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1922/1923 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1924/1925 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1924. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1925/1926 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1925. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1926/1927 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1926. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1927/1928 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1927. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1929/1930 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1929. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1930/1931 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1930. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1931/1932 academic year and the staff of the University in the 1930/1931 and 1931/1932 academic years. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1931. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures and the staff of the University in the 1932/1933 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1932. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1933/1934 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1933. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1934/1935 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1934. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1935/1936 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1935. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1937/1938 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1937. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1938/1939 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1938. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) State Archives of Lviv Region, [unpublished sourse], f. 26, 2, 543; 5, 1956. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the summer semester of 1900/1901 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the winter semester of 1901/1902 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish)
8
Englard, Izhak. „Nazi Criticism Against the Normativist Theory of Hans Kelsen: Its Intellectual Basis and Post-Modern Tendencies“. Israel Law Review 32, Nr. 2 (1998): 183–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001565x.
Annotation:
In the 1939 edition of Meyers Lexikon the following item appears:Kelsen, Hans, Staatsrechtlehrer, Jude, * 11.10.1881 Prag, 1919 Prof. in Wien, 1930 in Köln, 1933 in Genf, seit 1936 in Prag, schrieb u. a. ≫Allg. Rechtslehre≪ 1925, ≫Théorie générale du droit international≪ 1932, ≫The legal process and international order≪ 1934; radikaler Vertreter der ≫Reinen Rechtslehre≪, die typischer Ausdruck jüdisch zersetzenden Geistes in der Nachkriegszeit auf dem Gebiete der Rechts- und Staatslehre ist. In der völligen Entleerung seiner allg. Formalbegriffe von jedem Wirklichkeitsgehalt leugnet K. jede Substanz des Rechts und Staats. Seine gemeinschaftszerstörenden Auffassungen stehen als polit. Nihilismus im schärfsten Gegensatz zur nat.-soz. Anschauung. Heute noch in der rechtsphilos. Logistik nachwirkend.
9
SERHIYCHUK, Volodymyr. „ПЕРВИННІ ДОКУМЕНТИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ АРХІВІВ ЯК ГОЛОВНЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ КІЛЬКОСТІ ВТРАТ ПІД ЧАС ГОЛОДОМОРУ-ГЕНОЦИДУ 1932–1933 РОКІВ“. Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, Nr. 21 (03.11.2020): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2020.21.3101.
Annotation:
У статті зроблено оцінку напрацювань української та зарубіжної історичної та демографічної науки щодо підрахунку жертв Голодомору-геноциду 1932–1933 років в Україні й запропонувано нові підходи в досягненні реального результату. Методика дослідження спирається на загальні наукові методи аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення. Також застосовано порівняльно-історичний, структурний і системно-функціональні методи. Уперше здійснено підрахунок жертв Голодомору- геноциду 1932–1933 років на основі виявлених офіційних даних радянської статистики про кількість населення УСРР станом на 1 січня 1932 року і розрахованої його кількости на 1 січня 1934 року. Крім того, як допоміжний метод було застосовано порівняльний аналіз кількости народжених в УСРР в 1924–1932 роках з наповненістю перших класів у 1932–1940 роках дітьми 8-річного віку (саме вони тоді вперше приходили до школи) з врахуванням коефіцієнта природних втрат у цих вікових групах. Автор доходить висновку, що з огляду на відсутність архівних документів про конкретні втрати від Голодомору-геноциду в 1932–1933 роках в Україні лише ретельний аналіз наявних первинних документів дає можливість встановити максимально наближену до реальної кількість жертв цієї трагедії нашого народу. Завдяки саме цьому вдалося встановити офіційну цифру кількости населення УСРР станом на 1 січня 1932 року і розрахувати її на 1 січня 1934 року, що дає підстави стверджувати про мінімальні втрати під час Голодомору-геноциду в 7 мільйонів осіб. Вказана цифра підтверджується і завдяки аналізові наповнености перших класів дітьми 8- річного віку, які в той час саме в такому віці вперше приходили до школи, в багатьох районах Київщини, Черкащини, Вінниччини, Полтавщини. Наприклад, у Таращанському районі Київської області, в 1928 році народилася 2.659 дитини, а 1936 року з них за парти сіли в перших класах всього 1073. Подібна картина і в селах лівобережного Переяславського району – з 3487 немовлят 1931 року до 1939 року дожили лише 1591. Якщо допустити природні втрати за нормальної ситуації навіть до 20 відсотків, то в обох випадках дитяча смертність внаслідок Голодомору мала катастрофічні наслідки: приблизно 40 відсотків від народжених у відповідні роки. Такі ж трагічні результати одержуємо, аналізуючи первинні документи Оратівського, Плисківського та Погребищенського районів Вінниччини, в абсолютній більшості шкіл Полтавщини. Враховуючи те, що в 1924–1932 роках в УСРР народилося близько 10 мільйонів дітей, їхні втрати під час Голодомору-геноциду становили мінімум 3 мільйони, а з числа школярів, народжених до 1924 року, померло тоді ще приблизно 500 тисяч. Тобто, дитяча смертність шкільного віку сягнула в 1932–1933 роках мінімум 3,5 мільйона осіб, а загальна, як і свідчили тоді німецькі дипломати, – від 7 до 10 мільйонів. Остаточний результат можна встановити після підрахунку смертей тих, хто пішов з українських сіл у пошуках хліба і помер у Росії чи Білорусі, або по дорозі до цих реґіонів – у нас досі не досліджено жодного з 837 місць масового поховання біля залізничних станцій чи річкових пристаней, ніхто не порахував тих, хто потонув у Збручі чи Дністрі, тікаючи від голоду в Польщу чи Румунію, або кого там розстріляли радянські прикордонники. Також досі не пораховано, скільки завезено в 1932–1936 роках робочої сили з інших республік, яка під час Всесоюзного перепису 1937 року вже зафіксована мешканцями УСРР.
10
Rufinoni, Simone Rossinetti. „Mulheres no romance brasileiro de 1930: aporias do espaço público“. Diablotexto Digital 12 (23.12.2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/diablotexto.12.25189.
Annotation:
El estudio se detiene en seis novelas brasileñas da década de 1930: Parque Industrial (1930), de Patrícia Galvão; Os Corumbas (1933) e Rua do siriri (1937), de Amando Fontes; Caminho de pedras (1935), de Rachel de Queiroz; A estrela sobe (1937), de Marques Rebelo e Lapa (1936), de Luís Martins – a partir de la presencia de la figuración de la mujer en la vida pública. El recorrido que parte de las promesas de emancipación culmina en la prostitución aprehende el sentido colectivo de las trayectorias individuales, signo de la inoperancia del estatuto del sujeto burgués mujer entre las disposiciones de la casa y de la calle.
Dissertationen zum Thema "1933-":
1
Eberhardt, Martin. „Die Kriminalpolizei 1933 - 1939“. [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Philosophische Fakultät, Fachgruppe Geschichte, 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8501006.
2
Дігтяр, Г. О. „Голодомор 1932-1933 pp.: свідчення очевидців“. Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20085.
3
MARCONE, GASPARE LUIGI. „PIERO MANZONI (1933-1963)SCRITTI E DOCUMENTI (1956-1963)“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/612115.
Annotation:
Piero Manzoni (1933-1963). Scritti e documenti (1956-1963) focuses principally on two paths destined to intersect: a commentary on the texts published during the artist’s lifetime and a critical anthology composed of reviews, articles and texts published in Italy; in both cases the chronological extremes are the summer of 1956 and the February of 1963.
A major primary source of material is without doubt the archive of the Fondazione Piero Manzoni in Milan, in part still under-explored by researchers. Documents, letters, texts and in some cases even new works have been found in private collections and in institutional archives and libraries. This paper is principally concerned with underling the various periods of Manzoni’s early career; that is to say, when the young artist was involved in direct exchanges and experiences with the great Italian artists – who undoubtedly drew on stimuli from international culture – of the previous generations. This germinal period was also the richest in terms of manifestos and texts, with relative drafts, proofs and notes, some already known and studied and others still awaiting clarification.
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of publications and exhibitions on Manzoni’s “later” years, analysing his output from around 1959-1960 through to his premature death, in substance from the period of the magazine Azimuth and the Galleria Azimut onwards, a period in which his work, projects and contacts had a European scope, delineating new forms and genealogies. Unfortunately, however, less attention has been paid to analysis of Manzoni’s early period, the formative years, his roots, his first solitary or “nuclear” or slightly “concretist” ventures that form the origins and foundations of the later European projects.
The brief introductory essay primarily attempts to “list” ideas, materials, reflections and figures very frequently “new”, unpublished, forgotten or neglected. A commentary on the texts, Manzoni’s words and the thinking of his critics complete this endless study. A further twist is provided by this author’s own research; the material discovered during the past three years’ study join and intersect with documents analysed previously which have in some cases first seen the light of day in articles published in monographical works, exhibition catalogues or conference papers. The more the research into Manzoni progresses, the clearer the idea of the infinite becomes – the “infinitable” as Manzoni himself would say – in the sense that it is open-ended.
4
Bastisch, André. „Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen im Dritten Reich von 1933-1936 /“. München : Grin-Verl, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=020220361&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
5
Fortin, Marcel. „La fortune critique d'Alain Grandbois, 1933-1963“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41326.
Annotation:
Between 1933 and 1963, many Quebec critics followed with interest--some sporadically, others regularly--the works and career of Alain Grandbois (1900-1975). This thesis analyzes in systematic fashion the content and the evolution of their discourse.In addition to engaging in "dialogue" (via their reviews) with certain publishers, the critics reflected upon the problem of regionalism and universalism in Grandbois' "clear and simple" prose works, although in quite different ways with each new book. The collections of poems, on the other hand, because of their "hermetism", induced commentators to study the question of the intelligible and the unintelligible in poetry, a question closely linked to that of the meaning--or the absurdity--of existence. Moreover, these interpreters of Grandbois' works, in order to actualize them, read them into the social discourse of the time. Thus, some denounced them for reasons of dogma or of morality; others, more numerous, sought to make Grandbois' texts more "readable" by referring them to current events or phenomena, such as the Second World War, the immediate post-war period, or the "silent revolution" of the 1960s.
Products of the classical education system, Grandbois' exegetes drew their inspiration from the principal tendencies of European criticism. As well, they tended to compare Grandbois' prose works to those of French prose writers of the interwar years, and to link his poetry to that of European poets (the surrealists and those they influenced, among others), although occasional reference was made to local writers.
Over time, the critics came to construct the myth of Alain Grandbois, that "exceptional" literary and human being who acclimatized the "modern" poem to Quebec, after having roamed the world from 1925 to 1940. The history of Alain Grandbois' critical good fortune, in short, is that of a happy match between an "eminently" distinguished author and his grateful commentators, for whom he created the opportunity to say "new" things about man, art and life.
6
Heidegger, Martin. „El rectorado 1933-1934. Hechos y Reflexiones“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113146.
7
Göbel, Manfred. „Katholische Jugendverbände und Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst 1931-1933 /“. Paderborn : F. Schöningh, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399650071.
8
LIJOI, LUCILLA. „Il sognatore sveglio - Alberto Savinio 1933-1943“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/943915.
Annotation:
This work reconstructs the cultural activity of Alberto Savinio between 1933 and 1943, investigating his production from a journalistic, literary and artistic point of view. Furthermore, it aims at reconstructing the nature of his relationship with the fascist regime between 1930s and 1940s.
9
Diaz, Elvire. „Miguel Mihura (1905-1977) : de l'humoriste de presse (1923-1933) au dramaturge (1932-1968)“. Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30053.
Annotation:
Miguel Mihura (1905-1977) a débuté comme humoriste de presse en publiant des narrations brèves humoristiques dans de nombreux périodiques dès 1923. Le corpus formé par les 150 créations mihuriennes parues dans les revues festives "Muchas gracias" (1924-1927) et "Gutierrez" (1927-1933) qui se caractérise par un humour absurde, fondé sur les paradoxes, sur la parodie, sur des personnages déshumanisés et sur un référent culturel populaire, inscrit Miguel Mihura dans une certaine avant-garde littéraire, influencé par les courants surréalistes et déshumanisants des années 1930. Ces premiers textes sont fortement théâtralisés et constituent les matériaux de base de l’œuvre dramatique postérieure de Mihura. Sa première pièce « Tres sombreros de copa », écrite en 1932, est une véritable mosaïque d'éléments empruntés à sa production journalistique de jeunesse. Trois autres pièces, "Ni pobre ni rico", "Sino todo lo contrario", "El caso del señor vestido de Violeta et Carlota", écrites entre 1939 et 1957, montrent d'importantes homologies avec le style originel de l'auteur. Les dix-neuf autres pièces de Mihura font encore des emprunts sporadiques à ses créations de jeunesse, mais divergent d'elles pour suivre le courant plus réaliste du théâtre comique espagnolMiguel Mihura (1905-1977) started his career as press humorist, publishing brief humorous narrations in a great number of periodicals between 1923 and 1933. The 150 mihurian creations published in the humorous reviews "Muchas gracias" (1924-1927) and "Gutierrez" (1927-1933) contain an absurd humour, founded on paradoxes, parody, deshumanized characters and a popular cultural referent,and place Mihura in a certain avant-garde, influenced by surrealism and dehumanization. Mihura grave a theatrical form to his works and built his later dramatic works from his youth production. His first play, tres sombreros de copa, is a real mosaic of borrowings from his journalistic works and other three plays, "Ni pobre ni rico", "Sino todo lo contrario", "El caso del senor vestido de Violeta et Carlota", written between 1939 and 1957, contain important homologies with the original mihurian style. The other nineteen plays borrow yet from the youth creations but diverge from them to follow the more realistic current of the spanish comic theatre of the time
10
Osborne, Thomas W. (Thomas William). „The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations : 1933-1939“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23731.
Annotation:
This thesis examines and assesses the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations from 1933 to 1939. The first chapter outlines the Peace Treaties of Versailles, Trianon and St. Germain and their effect upon the increased German minority in Europe. This body of Germans in countries outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland are referred to as the Volksdeutsche. The policies of the Weimar Government towards the German minorities in Europe are then examined. The second chapter outlines the minority policy of the National Socialist Party and various prominent National Socialist leaders. Chapter three outlines the major non-National Socialist and National Socialist Germandom organizations. Particular emphasis is given to the Verein fur Deutschtum im Ausland or the VDA, the Volksdeutscher Rat or the VR, Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP or AO, the Buro Kursell and the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle or VoMi. Chapters four through six deal with the events that lead to the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations. Although the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations maintained a degree of independence from Nazi influence from 1933 until 2 July 1938, there was never any doubt that eventually the National Socialist Germandom organizations would gain ascendancy over them. In late 1936, the National Socialist Germandom organizations began to achieve lasting power and influence. By 1938, the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations were virtually impotent. The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations, therefore, mirrors the Gleichschaltung that occurred on all levels of society in Germany following Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933.
Bücher zum Thema "1933-":
1
Golopenţia, Anton. Corespondenţa germană: (1933-1936) = Deutsche Korrespondenz (1933-1936). Bucureşti: Spandugino, 2022.
2
Bezaut, Jean. Oranienbourg, 1933-1935, Sachsenhausen, 1936-1945: Étude. Maulévrier, France: Hérault, 1989.
3
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Berlin, 1932-1933. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2009.
4
Gide, André. Correspondance, 1933-1937. [Nantes]: Centre d'études gidiennes, Université de Nantes, 1996.
5
Reiter-Zatloukal, Ilse, Christiane Rothländer und Pia Schölnberger, Hrsg. Österreich 1933-1938. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.
6
Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. Cartas, 1933-1934. Quito, Ecuador: Consejo Nacional de Cultura del Ecuador Ediciones, 2000.
7
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Berlin, 1932-1933. Gütersloh: Chr. Kaiser, 1997.
8
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Berlin, 1932-1933. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2009.
9
Ozu, Yasujirō. Carnets: 1933-1963. Paris: Editions Alive, 1996.
10
Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. Cartas: (1933-1934). Quito, Ecuador: Consejo Nacional de Cultura del Ecuador Ediciones, 2000.
Buchteile zum Thema "1933-":
1
Niermans, Jean-Karl, und Edouard Niermans. „Rathaus 1931–1933“. In Paris, 114–17. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86033-0_40.
2
Patterson, Douglas. „Transitions: 1933–1935“. In Alfred Tarski: Philosophy of Language and Logic, 169–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230367227_7.
3
Garscha, Winfried R. „Opferzahlen Als Tabu. Totengedenken Und Propaganda Nach Februaraufstand Und Juliputsch 1934“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 111–28. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.111.
4
Höpfel, Frank. „Gewaltexzesse im Bürgerkrieg: Zur juristischen Aufarbeitung von Verbrechen während eines nicht-internationalen bewaffneten Konflikts“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 129–39. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.129.
5
Bruckmüller, Karin. „Legistische und judizielle Aufarbeitung des Juliputsches“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 140–52. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.140.
6
Somma, Alessandro. „Der Faschismus und die Große Transformation. Modernisierung und soziale Befriedung in den europäischen Diktaturen“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 155–66. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.155.
7
Tálos, Emmerich. „Austrofaschismus und Arbeiterschaft“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 167–80. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.167.
8
Wohnout, Helmut. „Die Verfassung 1934 im Widerstreit der unterschiedlichen Kräfte im Regierungslager“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 17–30. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.17.
9
Schrammel, Walter. „Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Reformen im Austrofaschismus“. In Österreich 1933-1938, 181–94. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.181.
10
Bei, Neda. „Austrofaschistische Geschlechterpolitik durch Recht: Die „Doppelverdienerverordnung““. In Österreich 1933-1938, 197–206. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205792291.197.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "1933-":
1
Alba Castro, José Miguel. „EL URBANISMO MODERNO EN EL MUNICIPIO DE BOGOTÁ. Del City Planning y la Ciudad Jardín al Plan de Obras.“ In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10127.
Annotation:
The modern urban ideas arrived in Bogota in 1917, three decades before the Modern Architecture Movement. The ideas burst in with the principles of the Garden City through the US City Planning. They based themselves on Raymond Unwin’s 1909 Town Planning in Practice. Were made evident with Patrick Geddes’ 1915 concept of conurbation. They took advantage of the First Congresses of National Improvements between 1917 and 1920, and materialized in the Bogotá Futuro Plan 1923-25. The Department of Urban Planning (1933), directed by Karl Brunner, and the Work Plan for the Commemoration of Bogotá’s IV Centennial in 1938 consolidated the ideas for the Garden City. These ideas were made explicit in the Urban Planning Manual of 1939-40. The Modern Movement was outlined in the Municipal Archive and Registry and in 1936 the Faculty of Architecture of the National University in Bogota was established.
Keywords: Modern Urbanism, City Planning, Garden City, Work Plan.
Topic: City theory and history. Las modernas ideas urbanas llegaron a Bogotá en 1917, tres décadas antes del Movimiento Moderno de la Arquitectura. Irrumpieron con los principios de la Ciudad Jardín a través del City Planning estadounidense. Se fundamentaron en La Practica del Urbanismo de Raymond Unwin en 1909. Hicieron evidente el concepto conurbación de Patrick Geddes en 1915. Aprovecharon los Primeros Congresos de Mejoras Nacionales, 1917 y 1920, concretándose en el Plano Bogotá Futuro 1923-25. Con el Departamento de Urbanismo de Bogotá en 1933, el nombramiento de Karl Brunner en su dirección y en la del Plan de Obras para la Conmemoración del IV Centenario de Bogotá en 1938, se consolidaron las ideas de la Ciudad Jardín y se hicieron explícitas en su Manual de Urbanismo de 1939-40. El Movimiento Moderno se reseñó en el Registro y Archivo Municipal y en 1936 se constituyó la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional en Bogotá.
Palabras clave: Urbanismo moderno, City Planning, Ciudad Jardín, Plan de Obras.
Bloque temático: Teoría e historia de la ciudad.
2
Badmaeva, Ekaterina Nikolaevna. „Famine In Kalmykia (1932-1933)“. In International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.15.
3
KARAGÜLMEZ, Müjdat. „MACAR ELÇİLERİNİN GÖZÜYLE GAZİ MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK VE TÜRK DEVRİMLERİ“. In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.52.
Annotation:
Milli Mücadele’nin başarıya ulaşmasından sonra Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ile Macaristan arasında 18 Aralık 1923 yılında bir “Dostluk Anlaşması” imzalanmıştır. Böylece, Mondros Mütarekesi sonrasında kesintiye uğrayan resmi temaslar yaklaşık 5 yıl aradan sonra yeniden tesis edilmiştir. İmzalanan dostluk anlaşmasının maddeleri gereğince 1924 yılının Mayıs ayında her iki ülkede de Elçilikler açılmıştır. Atatürk, yakın arkadaşı olan Hüsrev Gerede’yi Budapeşte’ye elçi olarak atarken, Macaristan Kral Naibi Amiral Horthy de Orta Doğuyu yakından tanıyan deneyimli bir diplomat olan László Tahy’i (1924-1933) Türkiye’ye elçi olarak atamıştır. Her iki lider de Türk-Macar ilişkilerine en çok katkı yapabilecek deneyimli diplomatları seçmiştir. İlk Macar elçisi Tahy’nin ardından sırasıyla Mihály Arnóthy Jungerth (1934-1935) ve Zoltán Máriássy (1935-1941) Türkiye’de görev yapmışlardır. Her üç Macar elçisi de güven mektuplarını sunmalarından sonra yazdıkları raporlarda Atatürk’ten övgüyle bahsetmişler ve onun muhteşem bir görüntüsünün olduğunu söylemişlerdir. Macar elçileri Atatürk ile ilk tanışmalarının ardından görev yaptıkları dönemde Atatürk’ün siyasi hayatı ve özel hayatı hakkında da çok sayıda rapor yazmışlardır. Macar elçileri, Türkiye’nin iç ve dış meselelerini yakından takip ederken Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen devrimler hakkında da çok sayıda rapor yazmışlardır. Bu raporlar, özellikle 1930’lu yıllarda gerçekleştirilen devrimlere aittir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türklerle yakın dostluk bağları olan Macaristan’ın Türkiye’ye gönderdiği elçilerinin gözüyle Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ü anlatmak ve Türk devrimleri üzerine yabancı diplomatların gözüyle bir değerlendirme yapmaktır.
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KUMAŞ, Nursal. „CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ (1923-1935) EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM FAALİYETLERİNİN İSTATİSTİKİ VERİLER IŞIĞINDA ANALİZİ“. In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.57.
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Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın kazanılmasının ardından ülke yeni baştan dizayn edilmeye başlandı. Çağdaşlaşma kavramı içinde yapılan bu faaliyetler içinde eğitim ön planda gelmekteydi. Ülkenin geleceğinin güvence altına alınmasının eğitimli bireyler yetiştirmekten geçtiğini düşünen Cumhuriyet yönetimi, bu konuda önemli girişimlerde bulunmuştur. 3 Mart 1924 Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu’yla tüm eğitim kurumları Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın çatısı altında toplanmış ve eğitimöğretim faaliyetleri merkezi bir müfredata bağlanmıştır. 1928 yılında Latin Harfleri’nin kabul edilmesiyle birlikte okuma-yazma seferberliği başlatılmış ve bu amaçla Millet Mektepleri açılmıştır. Atatürk Dönemi’nde gerçekleştirilen tüm bu gelişmelerin ışığında, okuma-yazma ve okullaşma oranlarında hissedilir düzeyde gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Türkiye genelinde tüm nüfus dikkate alındığında; 1927 yılında Arap harfleriyle okuma-yazma oranı %8,61’dir (erkek: %12,99; kadın: %3,67). Tahsil yaşına gelmemiş yedi yaşın altındaki nüfus dikkate alınmadığında bu oran %10,58’dir (erkek: 17,42; kadın: %4,63). Başka bir ifadeyle yaklaşık her beş kişiden yalnızca bir kişi okuma-yazma bilmektedir. 1935 yılı verilerine bakıldığında toplam nüfus içindeki okuma yazma oranı %15,3’dür (erkek: %23,3; kadın: %8,2) ve yedi yaş altı nüfus değerlendirme dışında tutulduğunda bu oran %25,3’dür (erkek: %31,3; kadın: %18,6). Bu rakamlardan anlaşıldığı kadarıyla; 1927-1935 döneminde okuma-yazma oranı yaklaşık 2-2,5 kat bir artış göstermiştir. Yedi ve üstü yaşta bu oran yaklaşık %139,1 olmuştur. Cinsiyet açısından bakıldığında erkek nüfusun okuma-yazma oranı yaklaşık %79,7 oranında artarken, kadınlarda yine yaklaşık %301,7 oranında bir artış göstermiştir. Kadın nüfusun okuma-yazma oranının erkeklere göre yaklaşık dört kat artmış olması Cumhuriyet yönetiminin kadınlara verdiği değer ve izlediği eğitim politikasıyla izah edilebilir. Okuma-yazma oranlarında yaşanılan yüksek artışın bir diğer nedeni de başta Millet Mektepleri olmak üzere Halkevleri, Türk Dil Kurumu vb. birçok kurumun yapmış olduğu özverili çalışmalar olmuştur. Bu çalışmada; 1927 ve 1935 yılı nüfus sayımı verilerine göre okuma-yazma bilen ve bilmeyen sayıları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Maarif Vekâleti’nin verilerine dayanılarak 1923-1935 döneminde Türkiye’de azınlıklara ve yabancılara ait okullar da dâhil olmak üzere okul, öğretmen ve öğrenci mevcutları (yabancı ülkelerde öğretim görenler de dikkate alınarak), öğretmenlerin mezuniyet durumları, okul türleri ve kütüphanelerdeki kitap ve okuyucu sayıları incelenerek bu dönemdeki öğretim faaliyetlerinin genel bir analizi yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle Maarif Vekâleti’nin 1923-1933 dönemi resmi istatistikleri incelenmiştir. Bununla beraber, Maarif Vekâleti’nin verileri tarihsel olarak süreklilik arz etmediği için 1923-1926 dönemine ait bazı veriler çalışmada değerlendirilememiş, 1934-1935 dönemiyle ilgili de hiçbir veriye ulaşılamamıştır. Ayrıca ilgili vekâlet tarafından kütüphanelerle ilgili veri girişi yapılmadığı için ancak 1931- 1932 dönemi verilerine ulaşıla bilinmiştir. Neticede çalışmada kullanılan ilk ve son tarihler dikkate alınarak çalışmanın dönemsel aralığı 1923-1935 olarak benimsenmiştir. Tüm verilerin anlaşılmasını etkin kılmak için tablo ve grafik yöntemine başvurularak ilgili veriler yorumlanmıştır.
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Costa, Luana Signorelli Faria da, und Luis Henrique Garcia Ferreira. „Arte e inquietação: Joyce, Mann e Picasso“. In Encontro da História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.13.2018.4495.
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Esse trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar o romance de James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, de 1939, e José e seus irmãos de Thomas Mann, publicado entre 1933-1943, como criações cujas poéticas modernistas, além dos efeitos estéticos, geram um discurso de não aceitação, tal qual Guernica de Pablo Picasso, concluída em 1937. É possível visualizar as três criações como exemplos de arte-inquietação num horizonte em que há um avanço de ideologias totalitárias e no qual o modo de produção capitalista já está instrumentalizado pela indústria cultural, com seus efeitos de passividade e massificação sobre os receptores. Assim, a principal finalidade é mostrar que Guernica, José e seus irmãos e Finnegans Wake podem se enquadrar na ideia defendida por Adorno em sua Teoria estética (2016), a de que as obras de arte resistem ao jogo do valor de troca e propõem mudanças para o atual estado de coisas, por meio de uma linguagem enigmática e de uma perspectiva utópica.
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Dubois, Marc. „Le Corbusier et la Belgique / Son Héritage“. In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.896.
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Résumé: À la suite de l’exposition de Paris 1925, le peintre René Guiette demande à LC de lui construire une maison avec atelier à Anvers. Ce bâtiment superbe existe encore, le seul témoignage de LC construit en Belgique! LC vient pour la première fois à Bruxelles en 1926 pour donner une conférence. Après une deuxième conférence en 1928 il reçoit une commande de Jean Canneel-Claes pour une maison, publiée par Le Corbusier en 1929 comme « Maison pour M. X à Bruxelles ». En 1930, il est présent à Bruxelles pour le congres CIAM. En 1933, LC participe au concours pour la Rive Gauche d’Anvers. En 1938 on lui demande de participer à l’ exposition de Liège en 1939, mais rien n’est construit. LC est présent à l’exposition Universelle de Bruxelles 1958 avec le pavillon exceptionnel pour Philips. Après l’expo, Le Poème Electronique est démoli. Keywords: LC 5xBelgique, Stynen & De Meyer, deSingel, Riverside Tower. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.896
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Ріпей, М. В. „Навчання української мови на сторінках журналу «Рідна мова» (Варшава, 1933–1939)“. In МІЖКУЛЬТУРНА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО ДІАЛОГУ: СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ. Ч 2. Liha-Pres, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-280-0-29.
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Larumbe, Teresa. „Estrategias geométrico-matemáticas en la obra de Le Corbusier (1923-1933)“. In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.787.
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Resumen: En la búsqueda de un nuevo orden ideal y universal, Le Corbusier alude constantemente al empleo de los trazados reguladores como instrumentos matemáticos que controlan el impulso creador e introducen la armonía en el trabajo creado, causa de la belleza y el placer estético. La confianza puesta en los trazados como garantía del orden en arquitectura, se manifiesta en el artículo que les dedicará en la revista L´Espirit Nouveau (1921), y que, en 1923, incorpora como un capítulo más en “Vers une architecture”. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la aplicación práctica de los trazados reguladores y otras estrategias geométricas y matemáticas en los proyectos del arquitecto suizo a lo largo de los años veinte, a partir de la aparición del famoso manifiesto. Los proyectos estudiados son los que han fijado las pautas del análisis, desvelando su evolución histórica y el alcance de su aplicación real en el transcurso de diez años. Abstract: Along his personal search for an ideal and universal order, Le Corbusier constantly refers to the use of the tracés regulateurs, as a mathematical tool with which the architect can manage his creative impulse and as a way to introduce the harmony in architecture, what is considered the main cause of the beauty and the aesthetic pleasure. Le Corbusier reveals his faith in the tracés as guaranty of architectural order not only in the magazine L´Espirit Nouveau (1921) but also in his celebrated book “Vers une architecture” (1923). The aim of this paper is to analyze the use of the tracés regulateurs during the architect´s projects throughout a decade, starting with the publication of the well know manifiesto. All the projects that had been studied have established the guidelines of the analysis, its historical evolution and the relevance of the tracès regulateurs in Le Corbusier’s early works. Palabras clave: Trazados reguladores; Geometría; Le Corbusier. Keywords: Tracés Regulateurs; Geometry; Le Corbusier. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.787
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MAGALHÃES, Fernanda. „Design, história e higiene menstrual nos anúncios da marca Camelia (1930 -1933)“. In 14º Congresso Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Design. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/ped2022-5748836.
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Morris, John T., und Thair Peterson. „Colorado River Aqueduct (1933-1941)“. In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480595.028.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "1933-":
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Heikki, Nevanlinna. Petsamon magneettinen observatorio polaarivuonna 1932-1933: Varhaisia meteorologisia kokeita suomalaisella radioluotaimella. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361652.
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Tämä tutkimus käsittelee kansainvälisen polaarivuoden 1932–1933 aikana toimineen Petsamon magneettisen observatorion havaintotuloksia. Mukana on lyhyt katsaus polaarivuoden aikana ja sen jälkeen uudella suomalaisella meteorologisella radiosondilla tehdyistä kokeista 1930-luvun lopulla. Näitä kahta aihepiiriä yhdistää FM Mauri Tommila (1905–1971), joka toimi Petsamon observatorion johtajana ja joka sen jälkeen osallistui merkittävällä panoksella yhdessä Vilho Väisälän kanssa radiosondin kehittelyyn 1934–1939. Sondi valmistui operatiivisen sääpalvelun käyttöön vuonna 1936. Väisälän sondia testattiin vuosina 1937 ja 1939 Huippuvuorilla ja Atlantilla. Molemmissa retkikunnissa Tommila oli mukana. Petsamon observatorio oli yksi Suomen geofysikaalisen tiedeyhteisön kontribuutioista polaarivuoden tutkimus- ja havainto-ohjelmiin. Sen päätehtävä oli rekisteröidä maan magneettikentän vaihteluja jatkuvasti toimivilla laitteilla ajan havaintokäytäntöjen mukaisesti. Päävastuu observatorion toiminnoista oli Suomalaisella Tiedeakatemialla ja sen Sodankylän observatoriolla. Tarvittavat rekisteröintilaitteet oli hankittu Tanskan meteorologiselta laitokselta ja ne edustivat aikansa mittausteknologista huippua. Observatorio oli myös Ilmatieteen laitoksen tärkeä havainto- ja koeasema polaarivuoden ohjelmassa. Polaarivuoden havainto-ohjelman ja laiterakennuksien suunnittelun olivat tehneet Sodankylän magneettisen observatorion johtaja Eyvind Sucksdorff (1899–1955) ja Ilmatieteen laitoksen johtaja Jaakko Keränen (1883–1979). Keränen oli Sodankylän magneettisen observatorion ensimmäinen johtaja 1913–1917 (Nevanlinna, 2014). Petsamon observatorio sijaitsi lähellä Pohjoisen jäämeren rannikkoa Petsamojoen suistossa. Petsamo on nykyään Venäjän hallinnoimaa aluetta. Petsamon magneettinen observatorio oli toiminnassa 13 kuukautta 1.8.1932–31.8.1933 välisen ajan. Rekisteröintitulokset tieteelliseen käyttöön muodostuivat alan käytännön mukaisista magneettikentän eri komponenttien tuntikeskiarvoista. Mauri Tommila julkaisi tulokset taulukkojen muodossa yhdessä tarvittavien metadatatietojen kanssa kansainväliseen tutkimuskäyttöön (Tommila, 1937a). Tässä julkaisussa on yhteenveto tehdyistä magneettikentän mittauksista. Vertailu Sodankylässä tehtyihin samanaikaisiin rekisteröintituloksiin osoittavat, että Petsamon observatorion rekisteröintitulokset ovat olleet korkeatasoisia ja että julkaistu aineisto on tieteellisiin analyyseihin käyttökelpoista. Kaikki Suomen vanhat historialliset magneettiset rekisteröintiaineistot ovat nyt digitoitu Petsamon aineiston valmistuttua. Vanhin niistä on Helsingin magneettisen observatorion havainnot 1844–1910. Petsamon observatorioon rinnastuu Sodankylän magneettiseen ja meteorologiseen observatorioon polaarivuodelta 1882– 1883. Myös sen magneettiset ja meteorologiset havainnot uudelleen julkaisu ja digitoitu (Nevanlinna, 2017a).
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Іваненко, Валентин, und Наталя Радомирівна Романець. Опір селян насильницькій колективізації та голодомору. Дніпропетровщина. КДПУ, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5686.
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У книзі з’ясовано причини, перебіг і наслідки селянського руху опору на Дніпропетровщині в умовах колективізації кінця 1920-х - початку 30-х рр. та Голодомору-Геноциду 1932-1933 рр. Простежена реакція селянства на страхітливі більшовицькі перетворення в українському селі, розглянуто форми опору, гасла, вплив на політику влад, описано Павлоградське повстання 1930 р., яке стало найпотужнішим виявом селянського спротиву на Дніпропетровщині.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна. Допомога голодуючим у період Голодомору 1932-1933 рр.: міфи і реальність. КДПУ, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4171.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна. Репресивні акції в контексті сільськогосподарського переселення в Україну (1933–1934 рр.). КДПУ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1162.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна, und Валентин Іваненко. Голодомор 1932-1933 років на Дніпропетровщині та Запоріжчині. КДПУ, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5621.
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У книзі на підставі переважно маловідомих архівних документів, а також спогадів очевидців висвітлюються причини й трагічний перебіг Голодомору-Геноцпду 1932–1933 рр. на Дніпропетровщині та Запоріжчині. Тогочасна Дніпропетровська область була одним із тих регіонів, де голод лютував особливо жорстоко. Зроблена спроба виявити й узагальнити причини, масштаби та специфічні особливості голодного лихоліття на теренах Дніпропетровської області. Для всіх, хто не пережив, але принаймні відчув душевно трагічний подих нашої відносно недавньої минувшини.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна. Режим "чорних дошок" у Дніпропетровській області. КДПУ, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6946.
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Мета дослідження полягає у висвітленні «чорнодощечного» режиму, запровадженого у Дніпропетровській області під час хлібозаготівельної кампанії 1932/1933 р.: масштабів, застосованих репресивних заходів, пропагандистських акцій, їхнього впливу на виконання хлібозаготівлі та наслідків.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна. Репресивна політика радянської влади в українському селі у 1933–1936 рр. Інститут історії України НАН України, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4169.
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Серед розмаїття трагічних сюжетів історії України радянської доби особливе місце займає тема репресій і їх ролі у здійсненні політики суцільної колективізації. Активне дослідження даної проблематики почалося на пост-радянському просторі лише наприкінці 80-х рр. XX ст., завдяки відкриттю секретних фондів архівів. Проте поза увагою істориків фактично залишився так званий «постголодоморний період», до дослідження якого науковці долучилися порівняно недавно, що засвідчують роботи В. Марочка, Ю. Мошкова, І. Зеленіна. Тому у пропонованій статті, автор ставить за мету визначити і проаналізувати основні напрями репресивної політики радянської влади в українському селі у період 1933–1936 рр.
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Jacobson, Margaret, Eric Leeper und Bruce Preston. Recovery of 1933. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, März 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25629.
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Романець, Наталя Радомирівна. Санітарно-епідеміологічна ситуація на Дніпропетровщині в умовах Голодомору 1932–1933 рр. КДПУ, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5027.
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У статті висвітлено санітарно-епідеміологічну ситуацію в Дніпропетровській області в умовах Голодомору 1932–1933 рр. Показано, що дестабілізація соціально-економічних взаємин під час Голодомору зумовила значне погіршення санітарно-епідеміологічної ситуації. Через відсутність продовольства селяни почали масово вживати в їжу сурогати, що призводило до отруєнь. Наслідком тривалого голодування населення стало захворювання на пелагру – один із видів авітамінозів, який призводив до смерті. Поширилася захворюваність на сап серед людей, оскільки селяни почали вживати в їжу м’ясо дохлих сапних коней. В Дніпропетровській області спостерігалося розповсюдження інфекційних захворювань: висипного та черевного тифу, малярії. Спалаху епідемій сприяли концентрація в промислових центрах та на залізницях великої кількості селян-втікачів, безпритульних, жебраків, осиротілих дітей, а також порушення санітарних норм в дитячих будинках, медичних установах, робітничих гуртожитках, на ринках, у місцях позбавлення волі.
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Pryt, Karina. Polish-German film relations in the process of building German cultural hegemony in Europe 1933-1939. Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.70888.
Annotation:
The article presents Polish-German film relations in the framework of Nazis cultural diplomacy between 1933 and 1939. The Nazi effort to create a cultural hegemony through the unification of the European film market under German leadership serves as an important point of reference. On the example of the Polish-German relationship, the article analyses the Nazi “soft power” in terms of both its strength and limits. Describing the broader geopolitical context, the article proposes a new trail in the research on both the film milieus and the cinema culture in Poland in the 1930s. In mythological terms, it belongs to cultural diplomacy and adds simultaneously to film history and New Cinema History.