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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "1857-1924 Criticism and interpretation"
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Kholis Sofiah, Asri Nur, und Ajid Hakim. „Sejarah PLTA Lamajan Pangalengan Sebagai Situs Peninggalan Belanda di Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 1925“. Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 4, Nr. 1 (30.07.2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v4i1.9192.
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This study aims to determine how the history of the Lamajan Hydroelectric Power in 1925, both in terms of the geographical, demographic conditions of Pangalengan and also the components that still exist in Lamajan. Lamajan is a Dutch hydroelectric power plant (PLTA) which was built in 1924 in Pangalengan, Bandung and has been operating since 1925. Lamajan has three generator units, the engine used by Lamajan supplied from the Dutch factories Heemaf and Smit Slikkerveer, initiated by V.H Willem Smith & Co. and R.W.H. Hofstede Crull. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, namely by collecting data through literature and documentation. This method is carried out through four stages namely, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study show this hydroelectric power plant was built during the Dutch colonial era in 1920-1924 and operated in 1925. This power plant was initially built by a Dutch engineer named Willem Beyerinc K. for the electricity needs of sugar factories but over time was used to illuminate the area of Bandung and its surroundings, this power plant utilizes the flow of water from the Cisarua and Cisangkuy rivers.
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Marley, Jodie. „‘Invisible Gates Would Open’“. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 98, Nr. 1 (31.05.2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.98.1.4.
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Yeats’s Blake criticism of the 1890s hinged on his knowledge of the esoteric and occult systems that he used as his framework for interpretation of the Romantic poet. This article examines The Works of William Blake: Poetic, Symbolic, and Critical (1893) and Yeats’s 1890s reviews of his contemporary Blake critics, as well as his relationship with the mystic poet and artist George William Russell (Æ), whom he repeatedly compared to Blake. Yeats’s emphasis on the importance of Boehme and Swedenborg in Blake’s system had a major influence on Blake’s critical legacy in the twentieth century, such as S. Foster Damon’s approach to Blake in William Blake: His Philosophy and Symbols (1924) and Kathleen Raine’s Blake and Tradition (1969). Yeats’s engagement with Blake in the 1890s also contributed to the popular conception of Blake as a mystic and visionary artist which still continues.
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Babak, Galina. „AHAPII SHAMRAI IN SEARCH OF SYNTHETIC THEORY OF LITERATURE: 1920s“. Слово і Час, Nr. 3 (20.06.2022): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2022.03.28-44.
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This article reconstructs the theoretical views of a literary historian and critic Ahapii Pylypovych Shamrai (1896—1952) in the context of perception of Oleksandr Potebnia’s philological and linguistic heritage — and at the same time in the context of the development of the formal method and sociological approach in Ukrainian literary criticism in the 1920s. The study offers a detailed analysis of Shamrai’s early work “O. Potebnia and the methodology
of the history of literature” (1924) in the connection with Russian formalists’ critical approach to Potebnia’s theoretical ideas. In his early work, Shamrai calls for a rethinking of Potebnia’s theory of the ‘inner form of the word’ and some of his other ideas, which, in his opinion, could be the basement for the further development of Ukrainian and Russian literary theory. Particular attention is paid to the study of a reader (audience) as a major component of literary analysis and interpretation. The idea of ‘studying a reader’ was crucial when Ukrainian scholars tried to combine two theoretical approaches — the formal and sociological methods. One of the best examples of such ‘synthetism’ in Ukrainian literary studies of the 1920s was Shamrai’s textbook “Ukrainian Literature. Brief overview” (1927, 1928), which is discussed in this article. The paper also argues that “synthetism” was inherent to the Ukrainian literary criticism of the 1920s in general. It was a theoretical framework used by many Ukrainian literary scholars, Oleksandr Biletskyi and Borys Jakubskyi being among them. Providing a historical context for Shamrai’s theories, the article also examines the historical and philological ideas of his older contemporary Oleksandr Biletskyi and estimates their influence on the development of Ukrainian literary criticism of that time
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Wardana, Wahyu, Najamuddin Najamuddin, Amirullah Amirullah und Patahuddin Patahuddin. „Perjuangan Hasan Al-Banna Mengembalikan Kejayaan Khilafah (1924-1949)“. JURNAL PATTINGALLOANG 9, Nr. 2 (30.08.2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp.v9i2.25165.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang perjuangan Hasan Al-Banna, bentuk perjuangan Hasan Al-Bannna mengembalikan kejayaan khilafah hingga dampak dari perjuangan Hasan Al-Banna mengembalikan kejayaan Khilafah. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan penelitian pustaka melalui buku-buku atau literatur terkait dengan obyek yang diteliti atau dokumen pendukung seperti jurnal dan artikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasan Al-Banna adalah tokoh Islam kontemporer yang mempunyai visi besar terhadap umat Islam khususnya di Mesir. Dimana, saat runtuhnya Khilafah Turki Usmani tanggal 3 Maret 1924 yang menyebabkan munculnya persoalan kaum muslimin mulai dari kolonialisme, konflik di Negara Dunia Ketiga, persoalan ekonomi, politik dan sosial budaya. Dalam kondisi Mesir inilah Hasan Al-Banna memulai pembaharuannya, melalui dakwah-dakwah yang dilakukakannya bersama organisasi yang didirikannya yaitu Ikhwanul Muslimin, organisasi yang didirikan sebagai wadah perjuangan Hasan al-Banna bersama sahabat-sahabatnya dalam melancarkan risalah dakwah. Dampak dari adanya kegigihan dan perjuangannya yang kemudian membuat organisasi ini menjelma sebagai kekuatan politik yang dikagumi di Mesir dan dunia Arab. Akhir dari penelitian, disimpulan bahwa Hasan Al-Banna melalui organisasi dakwah yang didirikannya dengan segala kegigihannya telah berjuang untuk menegakkan agama Islam. Hasan Al-Banna menghabiskan hidupnya hanya untuk berdakwah untuk memperjuangkan syariat Islam agar dapat Jaya kembali.Kata Kunci : Perjuangan, Hasan Al-Banna, Ikhwanul MusliminAbtract This study aims to determine the background of Hasan Al-Banna's struggle, the form of Hasan Al-Bannna's struggle to restore the glory of the Caliphate to the impact of Hasan Al-Banna's struggle to restore the glory of the Caliphate. This research is descriptive analytic using historical research methods, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The method of data collection is done by conducting library research through books or literature related to the object under study or supporting documents such as journals and articles. The results show that Hasan Al-Banna is a contemporary Islamic figure who has a great vision for Muslims, especially in Egypt. Where, when the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924 which led to the emergence of problems for Muslims ranging from colonialism, conflicts in Third World Countries, economic, political and socio-cultural issues. It was in this Egyptian condition that Hasan Al-Banna began his renewal, through the da'wah he carried out with the organization he founded, namely the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization founded as a forum for Hasan al-Banna's struggle with his friends in launching a message of da'wah. It was the impact of his persistence and struggle that later made this organization transformed into a political force admired in Egypt and the Arab world. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Hasan Al-Banna through the da'wah organization he founded with all his tenacity had struggled to uphold the religion of Islam. Hasan Al-Banna spent his life just preaching to fight for Islamic law in order to get Jaya back.Keywords: Struggle, Hasan Al-Banna, Ikhwanul Muslimim
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Sufyan, Fikrul Hanif. „KEPANDUAN DAN POLITIK: GERAKAN PADVINDERS DI PADANG PANJANG 1926-1934“. Patanjala: Journal of Historical and Cultural Research 13, Nr. 1 (30.04.2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v13i1.630.
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Gerakan kepanduan pernah meledak di Afdeling Batipuh X dan Priaman di awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis hadirnya gerakan kepanduan dengan segala dinamikanya. Gerakan kepanduan ini beberapa kali melakukan gebrakan serta tuntutan Indonesia merdeka yang mereka suarakan langsung dari Padang Panjang. Mulai dari gerakan protes, hingga membentuk Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia, atau dikenal dengan istilah PNI Baru Hatta-Sjahrir. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan kaidah metode sejarah –dimulai dengan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Padvinders di Padang Panjang telah dimulai sejak tahun 1924. Gerakan yang hadir di Padang Panjang antara lain International Padvinders Organitatie, El-Hilaal, Hizbul Wathan, dan Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM). Masing-masing kepanduan lahir dari sekolah-sekolah yang muncul sejak awal abad ke-20, kemudian bermetamorfosis menjadi sebuah gerakan politik. Gerakan politik KIM menjadi PNI Baru, telah mengubah paradigma kepanduan –yang selama ini hanya dianggap sebagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sekolah. The scout movement rose to fame in the afdeling of Batipuh X and Priaman in the early 20th century. This paper is designed to analyze the presence of the scout movement and related matters. It had constituted a break with years of colonial era and pushed for an independent Indonesia, which they voiced directly from Padang Panjang. The movements they organized was from the protest movement to the formation of the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia or more popularly known as the PNI Baru Hatta – Sjahrir. The paper is organized according to the standard historical method rules; heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The scout movement, it all started in Padang Panjang in 1924. The International Padvinders Organitatie, the El-Hilaal, the Hizbul Wathan, and the Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM) were around then. They were originally established in schools at the beginning of the 20th century who transformed into the political movement then. KIM, which turned into a political movement or known as PNI Baru, has changed the scouting paradigm, which so far has only been regarded as the extracurricular school activity.
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Gaižiūnas, Silvestras. „At the Origins of Modern Lithuanian Literary Studies. Phenomenon of Juozas Eretas“. Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, Nr. 100 (27.12.2019): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2019.100.155.
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The article under studies is a critical survey of the activities of a Swiss scholar Juozas Eretas (1896–1984), one of the founders of Lithuanian Literary Studies, whose origin is closely related to the revival of the Lithuanian State (1918 р). Raised on the principles of the so-called Fribourg School, J. Eretas may be regarded as a vivid example of a catholic scientist. He emphasized the importance of the connection between research and thinking. In the 20-30s, having mastered the Lithuanian language, under the influence of the first translations of the world literary works into Lithuanian, Eretas laid the foundation of analytical criticism. He also took up the translation and, at the same time, became the founder of Lithuanian Germanic Studies, paying most of his attention to the Medieval German Literature, the heritage of mystics, the literature of “storm and drive”, particularly the works by Goethe and Schiller. In addition, Eretas made a considerable contribution to Lithuanian Theory of Literature: “Creating Philosophical Criticism in Literature” (lecture, 1922), “Philosophy and Poetry” (1924), “Methods of Literary Analysis” (1929). Eretas’ approach to German Literature was purely conceptual and rested on the idea of its universal nature (especially concerning Goethe): monographs “Young Goethe” (1932) and “Goethe Hundred Years Later” (1933). It is worth mentioning Eretas’ attitude to Goethe’s “Faust”. He interprets the main character typologically, as an eternal image of the world culture, pointing hereby to the increased attention to this image during the epoch of “storm and drive”. Eretas’ interpretation of the images of Faust and Mephistopheles, which present the idea of “dual world” that is so peculiar for Romanticism, seems very interesting and promising. Besides, Eretas was first in Lithuanian Literary Studies to refer to Goethe’s “Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship” as to the novel of upbringing. Another significant subject of Eretas’ research was the History of World Mystics (the work “From the History of Mystics”, as well as the monographs on Tauler, Eckhart and Suso).
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Kudryashov, I. V., und S. N. Pyatkin. „Why Did the Canary Die? (Sergei Yesenin about Nikolai Klyuev)“. Nauchnyi dialog, Nr. 12 (31.12.2020): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-12-151-162.
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The article is devoted to the problem of interpretation of the well-known Yesenin lines about N. A. Klyuev in the poem “In the Caucasus”. In literary criticism, the point of view has been established, according to which the eleventh verse of the poem by S. A. Yesenin contains a well-known “epigrammatic definition” expressing the extremely sharp “negative attitude” of the poet towards his former mentor. The systemic analysis of Yesenin’s poetic definitions of Klyuev, “gentle apostle” (“O muse, my flexible friend...”, 1917) and “Ladoga deacon” (“In the Caucasus”, 1924) in the historical and literary context, made it possible to find their close semantic correlation and identify the lines about Klyuev in the poem “In the Caucasus” as the author’s self-irony, expressed in the form of a comic demotion of his former teacher. It is proved that in the poem “In the Caucasus”, ironically putting himself in the place of a “dead canary”, a poet who categorically does not accept imitation in poetry, not only declares that singing “from the voice of someone else” is destructive for any talent, but also clearly makes it known that he is “not a canary,” imitating Klyuev, that their paths diverged long ago, that the canary in him “died” in his youth; and the self-ironic, harmless lines about his mentor in the poem “In the Caucasus” testify to Yesenin’s creative maturity as a great national poet who has comprehended his significance and place in Russian Parnassus.
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Syahril, Syahril, und Anggip Wilvon. „Zainuddin Labay El Yunusy: Tokoh Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam di Minangkabau Pada Awal Abad XX (Suatu Tinjauan Historis)“. Tarikhuna: Journal of History and History Education 4, Nr. 2 (16.01.2023): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/thje.v4i2.5655.
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This research is motivated by the reform movement of Islamic education in Minangkabau at the beginning of the 20th century carried out by Zainuddin Labay el-Yunusy which has influenced modernization in Minangkabau which has had an impact to this day. This paper discusses the efforts made by Zainuddin Labay el-Yunusy in reforming Islamic education in Minangkabau in the early 20th century. This research is a library research using historical research methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography by collecting primary and secondary sources from the literature. Zainuddin Labay el-Yunusy was born to Sheikh Muhammad Yunus al-Khalidiyah and Rafi'ah in 1890 in the Bukit Surungan district of Padang Panjang, coinciding with the 12th Rajab 1308 H and died on July 10, 1924 AD/8 Dzulhijjah 1342 H. Since childhood Zainuddin Labay was educated by his father who was also a scholar and then entered HIS, but did not graduate because he felt that he fit into the Dutch education curriculum. Furthermore, Zainuddin Labay studied with well-known educational figures in Minangkabau such as H. Rasul and Dr. Abdullah Ahmad in Padang. Zainuddin Labay has a very important role in reforming Islamic education in Minangkabau, among other things establishing the Diniyah School by incorporating general subjects into the Islamic education curriculum, fighting for the rights of Minangkabau women to obtain education, and forming a generation of Islam in Minangkabau. The reforms carried out by Zainuddin Labay towards Islamic education in Minangkabau inspired the establishment of modern Islamic education such as Diniyah Puteri Padang Panjang, changing the halaqah education system to become classical, and producing educational media.
Keywords: Renewal, Islamic Education, Minangkabau.
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Mau, Søren. „Den dobbelte fordrejning: Begrebet fetichisme i kritikken af den politiske økonomi“. Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, Nr. 77 (08.06.2018): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/slagmark.vi77.124228.
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THE DOUBLE INVERSION - THE CONCEPT OF FETISHISM IN THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL ECONOMYKarl Marx’s critical analysis of ‘the secret of the fetishism of commodities’ – according to which the universal domination of the commodity form makes social relations appear in the form of relations between things – is today widely regarded as a central element of the critique of political economy. The concept of fetishism was generally neglected until in the 1920’s, and the debates around this concept did not really take off until the 1960’s. Since then, there have essentially been two predominant interpretations of Marx’s concept of fetishism: on the one hand those who regards fetishism as an ideological phenomenon, as something that has to do with the way in which social reality is represented for and in the social agents. On the other hand there are those who insists that fetishism refers to a certain displacement or inversion at the level of social practice itself, and not its ideological representation. In this article, I review these conflicting readings in the light of a close reading of Marx’s use of the term fetish(ism) in all of his writings from the Grundrisse (1857) onwards. I argue that Marx used this term to refer to an ideological phenomenon, and that he was right in doing so. I also point out that this does not entail subscribing to a naïve view of ideology as false consciousness or class manipulation that can be abolished by enlightenment and criticism.
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Rusnak, Iryna. „The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky“. LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, Nr. 15 (2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2020.15.11.
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The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.
Dissertationen zum Thema "1857-1924 Criticism and interpretation"
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Smith, Jeremy Mark. „Conviction in the everyday : Joseph Conrad and skepticism“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59889.
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Heart of Darkness, Chance, and Lord Jim can be described as philosophical works if considered in light of "ordinary language" philosophy. Conrad wrestled with skepticism much as Wittgenstein later would, but his struggle with the "bewitchment" of skeptical thinking took a narratival form. His champion was Marlow, raconteur of the three novels, who recurrently loses and recovers his words and his capacity to tell (to judge, to narrate). In these works the Marlovian investigation of human convention, linguistic and otherwise, is shown to be a necessary but perilous task. The possibility that we may be dissatisfied with the ordinary or transcendental conditions of living is dramatized in all three novels, often (but not only) by threats to marriage. Heart of Darkness demonstrates the loss of linguistic attunement that may follow upon taking human relation to be a problem of knowledge, and links this to Kurtz's world-devouring repudiation of the ordinary. Chance explores in melodramatic form the "germ of destruction at the source of our strength", and unmasks men's denial of women as one face of skepticism. Lord Jim presents skepticism, Romanticism, and fantasy as different versions of ontological dissatisfaction, and shows how a return to the ordinary requires a practice of reading and remembering (our words).
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Huggan, Graham. „The novelist as geographer : a comparison of the novels of Joseph Conrad and Jules Verne“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26839.
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The works of Joseph Conrad and Jules Verne share a fascination with geography: concern with geographical issues made explicit in their non-fictional works is also implicit in their fiction. Unfortunately, limited knowledge of or interest in geographic theory on the part of the literary critic has made the relation between literature and geography a relatively unpopular focus; to redress the balance, it is necessary to outline briefly some of the ways in which geographical theory may usefully inform the practice of literary criticism. Areas to be introduced include geography and literature as spatial distribution, as spatial perception, as inscription on and description of the environment, as text, as cultural matrix.
The above areas serve as a focus for the comparative analysis of a series of novels by Joseph Conrad and Jules Verne in which three issues are foregrounded: first, the interrelations between concentrated place and surrounding space in the sea-tales The Nigger of the Narcissus and Vingt mille lieues sous les mers; second, the reading and writing of cultural landscape in Heart of Darkness and Voyage au centre de la terre; third, the geopolitics of territory, boundary and landclaim in Lord Jim and L'lle mystérieuse. In each case, relevant geographical theory is drawn upon: in the first instance, the phenomenological notions of Yi-Fu Tuan and Edward Relph; in the second, the landscape evaluations of Carl Sauer and Courtice Rose; in the third, the geopolitical and politico-geographical definitions of Glassner, De Blij and Cohen.
The first section (on The Nigger of the Narcissus and Vingt mille lieues sous les mers) explores the spatial notions of topophilia, placelessness and geometricity inherent in the relation between ship and sea. The second section (on Heart of Darkness and Voyage au centre de la terre) discusses the various connotations of landscape: cultural imprint (rewriting),
false perspective (mis-reading), textual sign-system (encoding/decoding), which suggest that landscape can be interpreted as a controlling mechanism of and means of access to the text. The third section (on Lord Jim and L' Ile mystérieuse) outlines the geographical motifs of the two novels (division, (dis)possession, ascent and descent, etc.) and infers possible motives behind these motifs, relating topographical issues to personal and political ones and paying particular attention to the implications of island environments and communities and to the connections between imperialism, colonialism and narrative strategy.
Finally, the 'literary geography' of Conrad's and Verne's novels is situated in its historical context and related particularly to the late nineteenth-century debate on the relative merits of positivism and phenomenology. In Verne's work, the doctrine of positivism, which has been constituted in terms of an ideology of science, is only celebrated in so far as its limitations are recognized. In Conrad's work, man's struggle to conquer Nature through a physical and verbal mastery of his environment is reinterpreted as an attempt to overcome his own duality. Conrad's predominantly phenomenological geography of the mind serves as a critique of positivist doctrine, but its fractured topography also suggests that the attempt to substitute 'more traditional views of the social and moral order' (Watt, 163) is, perhaps, little more than a saving illusion.Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate
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De, Lange Adriaan Michiel. „Conrad's impressionism the treatment of space and atmosphere in selected works“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002272.
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This thesis focuses on Conrad's representation of space and atmosphere in the "impressionistic" works published between 1897 and 1904, notably The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897), "Heart of Darkness" (1899), Lord Jim (1900), and Nostromo (1904). The many conflicting statements regarding the nature of Conrad's impressionism lead one to ask two fundamental questions: What constitutes this strange and elusive phenomenon, and how does it bear upon interpretation? This thesis works towards defining the elusive quality of Conrad's writing by investigating and assessing the contribution of impressionist techniques in the creation of a pervasive space and atmosphere; secondly, it considers how the various constituent elements interact with, and complement one another to form a dominant mode of fictional space in each work; and, thirdly, it indicates the possible impact that these particular Conradian configurations of space and atmosphere might have upon the interpretation of his impressionist works. The thesis argues that the existential condition of isolatio~experienced by Conrad's heroes and narrators is a consequence of epistemological frustration and fragmentation, which, in turn, is a function of impressionist ontology. There is a definite and complementary relationship between each of these notions in Conrad's fiction. The mysterious atmosphere in his works results from the interplay between various configurations of theme, narration and description, and these novelistic elements correspond roughly with the notions of existential isolation (the dominant theme), epistemology (narrating, telling and (re)telling as a method of knowing and understanding the space in which the characters find themselves) and, lastly, the ontological dimensions of the various modes of fictional space (as realized in description). The evocation and invocation of cosmic space in The Nigger of the "Narcissus," the mapping of a dorriinant symbolic space in "Heart of Darkness," the (re)constructions of Jim's psychological space in Lord Jim, and, finally, the "transcription" and "inscription" of a mythical space in Nostromo, indicate a definite development from epistemological to ontological issues. Phrased in more theoretical terms, this development is a movement from asking predominantly epistemological questions like "How can I interpret this world of which I am a part?" "What is there to be known?" "Who knows it ... and with what degree of certainty?", to asking predominantly ontological questions, such as "Which world is this?" "What kinds of worlds are there ... and how are they constituted?". Such questions, categorized by McHale as the dominant characteristics of Modernist and Postmodernist fiction respectively, are already present in Conrad's texts, thus undermining any clear-cut division between these broad categories. Indeed, this thesis suggests that these categories are at best tenuous, and that they should perhaps be used heuristically, rather than definitively
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Doherty, Helen. „The motif of initiation in selected works by Joseph Conrad“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002263.
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This thesis explores the archetypal theme of initiation in selected texts by Joseph Conrad. The Introduction first surveys critical attention to initiatory motifs in Conrad with the objective of demonstrating the need for an approach to the topic informed by a more formal and theorized understanding of initiation. It then offers a prima facie case for the centrality of the idea of initiation in Conrad's oeuvre, based on references culled from a range of the author's writings. Chapter One seeks to contextualise initiation by providing a history of anthropological research into and theorisations of the rite, proceeding to a description of its typical structure and functions. A detailed account is given of the most widely accepted model of initiation, Arnold van Gennep's tripartite schema. Moving on to Conrad's writing, Chapter Two draws on both his fiction and more personal writings in order to provide a provisional account of the writer's own understanding of initiation and its importance, and to offer some explanation of why Conrad should have been prompted to accord the motif such prominence in his work. Conrad's presentation and (impliedly) his understanding of initiation was never entirely consistent and underwent some change in the course of his writing career. The critical assessment of "Typhoon" in Chapter Three depicts Conrad's more optimistic conception of initiation as a rite benefitting both society, by promoting solidarity, and the individual, by advancing self-knowledge. Chapter Four introduces, via analyses of the novellas "Youth" and "The Shadow Line", that variation on the motif of initiation which is more typical of its manifestation in Conrad: the failure of individuals to complete their cycles of initiation. Chapter Five identifies those characteristics of initiation which appear to be determinative in the representations of incomplete initiation in Conrad's work. Initiation seems to play out approximately seven paradoxes; the impact of some of these is examined through analysis of the initiatory ordeals of the main protagonists in The Secret Agent. Integral to this discussion is an attempt to demonstrate the vital role which initiation plays in the healthy maintenance not only of social order but also of faith and life itself. The Conclusion summarises the more important findings of the study and indicates some directions for further, related research.
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Stedall, Ellie. „Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad and transatlantic sea literature, 1797-1924“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648378.
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Massie, Eric. „Stevenson, Conrad and the proto-modernist novel“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21610.
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This thesis argues that Robert Louis Stevenson's South Seas writings locate him alongside Joseph Conrad on the 'strategic fault line' described by the Marxist critic Fredric Jameson that delineates the interstitial area between nineteenth-century adventure fiction and early Modernism. Stevenson, like Conrad, mounts an attack on the assumptions of the grand narrative of imperialism and, in texts such as 'The Beach of Falesa' and The Ebb Tide, offers late-Victorian readers a critical view of the workings of Empire. The present study seeks to analyse the common interests of two important writers as they adopt innovative literary methodologies within, and in response to, the context of changing perceptions of the effects of European influence upon the colonial subject.
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Wey, Shyh-chyi. „A rhetorical analysis of Joseph Conrad's Heart of darkness“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/923.
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Adair, Vance. „The Shakespearean object : psychoanalysis, subjectivity and the gaze“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1857.
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Through a close analysis of four plays by Shakespeare, this thesis argues that the question of subjectivity ultimately comes to be negotiated around a structural impasse or certain points of opacity in each of the text's signifying practices. Challenging assumptions about the utatively "theatrical" contexts of Richard III, Richard II, Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra, I argue that, to varying degrees, the specular economy of each play is in fact traversed by a radical alterity that constitutively gives rise to a notion of subjectivity commonly referred to as "Shakespearean". Elaborating upon the work of both Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida, I argue that "subjectivity" in the plays is, rather, the articulated confrontation with a non-dialectizable remainder that haunts each text from within. Crucially in this respect I relate each of the texts to Lacan's account of the "gaze" as a species of what he calls the object a: an alien kernel of jouissance exceeding all subjective mediation yet, paradoxically, also that which confers internal consistency both to subjectivity and to the very process of symbolization as such. I am, moreover, also concerned to read the work of Jacques Derrida as providing an illuminating context for how this incursion of alterity that he terms differance (what Lacan calls the Real) may be read as the unacknowledged support of subjectivity. The thesis concludes with a consideration of how this analysis of the Shakespearean object, rather than succumbing to the heady pleasures of an unfettered textuality, opens, ineluctably, onto a rethinking of the very category of the "political" itself.
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Berry, Robert James. „Conrad and Dostoevsky : an unsuspected brotherhood“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2015.
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This thesis attempts a comparative study of Conrad and Dostoevsky. In doing so, it proposes a significant relationship between the ideological, political and literary worlds of both authors. The work is undertaken in eight chapters. Chapter One explores Conrad and Dostoevsky's respective national and cultural identities. It reflects on Conrad's recorded reactions to Dostoevsky and his work, and speculates on the latter's likely response to Conrad. Chapter Two challenges established critical formulae that suggest Dostoevsky is a purely 'Dionysian' writer. The view that Conrad is a consummate 'Apollonian' artist is similarly brought into question. Chapter Three considers Conrad and Dostoevsky as major literary innovators. To support my argument, Bakhtin's critical concepts of 'polyphony' and 'monology' are introduced, and applied in a Dostoevskyan and Conradian context. Especially highlighted is my debate on Conrad's 'polyphonic' narrative technique in Lord Jim (1900). The notable fusion of disparate literary genres in Conrad and Dostoevsky's novels is explored in Chapter Four. Elements of 'adventure', 'thriller', 'romance', and 'detective' fiction are identified in each novelist's world. My argument, however, restricts itself to an extensive analysis of the surprising importance of the 'Gothic' elements in both writers' worlds. Chapters Five and Six, concentrate on Conrad and Dostoevsky's profound insights into the fundamental character of the human personality. Chapter Five considers their parallel interpretations of mankind's quintessentially materialist nature. Chapter Six looks at their strikingly similar visions of man's violent and carnal identity, and his primary urge to dominate other weaker individuals. Chapters Seven and Eight consider two central themes in Conrad and Dostoevsky's fiction, that of anarchist politics and nihilism respectively. Their political and ideological responses to these issues are investigated in some detail, and significant interpretive parallels established. Finally, the conclusion undertakes to once again assure the reader of the surprising and unsuspected bonds that exist between these two seemingly alien writers.
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Guenther, Alan M. „The Ḥadīth in Christian-Muslim discourse in British India, 1857-1888 /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28275.
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In the development of Islam in India in the nineteenth century, the impact of the interaction between modernist Muslims and Christian administrators and missionaries can be seen in the writings of three Evangelical Christians on the role of the H&dotbelow;adith and the responses of Indian Muslims. The writings of Sir William Muir, an administrator in the Indian Civil Service, were characterized by European Orientalist methods of textual criticism coupled with the Evangelicals' rejection of Muh&dotbelow;ammad. In his response, Sir Sayyid Ah&dotbelow;mad Khan, an influential Muslim modernist, supported the traditional perception of the H&dotbelow;adith but also initiated a new critical approach. The writings of Thomas P. Hughes and Edward Sell, missionaries with the Church Missionary Society, tended to portray Islam as bound by this body of traditions, with the rejoinders of Sayyid Amir 'Ali and Chiragh 'Ali presenting an increasing rejection of the religious authority of the H&dotbelow;adith and an impassioned defense of Islam.
Bücher zum Thema "1857-1924 Criticism and interpretation"
1
Harold, Bloom, Hrsg. Joseph Conrad. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.
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2
1942-, Kaplan Carola M., Mallios Peter Lancelot und White Andrea 1942-, Hrsg. Conrad in the twenty-first century: Contemporary approaches and perspectives. New York: Routledge, 2005.
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3
Keith, Carabine, Knowles Owen und Krajka Wiesław, Hrsg. Contexts for Conrad. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1993.
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4
Joseph Conrad: Betrayal and identity. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
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5
Joseph Conrad: Text and context. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
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6
Elaine, Jordan, Hrsg. Joseph Conrad. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
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7
Conrad in perspective: Essays on art and fidelity. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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8
Keith, Carabine, Hrsg. Joseph Conrad: Critical assessments. Mountfield, near Robertsbridge, East Sussex: Helm Information, 1992.
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9
Keith, Carabine, Knowles Owen und Krajka Wiesław, Hrsg. Conrad's literary career. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1992.
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10
Spittles, Brian. Joseph Conrad: Text and context. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.
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