Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „1814-1884“

A second revision of the Plio-Pleistocenic taxa of the family Tellinidae Blainville, 1814 of southern Europe is presented, 15 species are illustrated and discussed of which 3 described for the first time. For the genus Asbjornsenia Friele, 1886: Asbjornsenia pygmaea (Lovén, 1846); for the genus Strigilla W. Turton, 1822: Strigilla etrusca Brunetti M. & Della Bella, 2003; for the genus Bosemprella M. Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015: Bosemprella incarnata (Linnaeus 1758), for the genus Fabulina Gray, 1851: Fabulina fabuloides Monterosato, 1884; for the genus Macomangulus Nordsieck, 1969: Macomangulus exiguus (Poli, 1791), Macomangulus tenuis tenuis (Da Costa, 1778); for the genus Oudardia Monterosato, 1884: Oudardia compressa (Brocchi, 1814), Oudardia strigilata (Philippi, 1844), Oudardia pliorecens n. sp. of the Tuscan-Emilian Plio-Pleistocene; for the genus Peronaea Poli, 1791: Peronaea planata planata (Linnaeus, 1758); for the genus Peronidia Dall, 1900: Peronidia albicans (Gmelin, 1791), Peronidia iberica n. sp. of the Spanish Early Pliocene, Peronidia intermedia n. sp. of the Italian Early Pliocene; Peronidia transiens (Cerulli-Irelli, 1909); for the genus Serratina Pallary, 1920: Serratina serrata (Brocchi, 1814, Renier m.s.). Some one specimen with open nomenclature are also reported and illustrated: Macomangulus sp. 1 of the Piedmont Early Pliocene.

Serat Darmasaloka (selanjutnya disingkat SD) merupakan manuskrip yang ditulis menggunakan bahasa dan aksara Jawa dalam bentuk puisi atau tembang macapat . Teks SD menceritakan kisah Siti Maryam, anak dari Syeh Ngabdullah yang dibuang ke hutan karena difitnah telah berzinah. Teks SD banyak mengandung nasihat-nasihat atau piwulang dan pemikiran-pemikiran agama Islam. Dari berbagai katalog penyimpanan naskah di Indonesia maupun di luar Indonesia tercatat ada 3 naskah yang ditemukan dengan judul Sêrat Darmasaloka. Pertama, yaitu naskah dengan nomor katalog KS 539 B yang berjudul Serat Darmasaloka. Naskah kedua dengan nomor katalog KS 539 C dengan judul Pethikan saking sêrat Darmasaloka. Naskah ketiga dengan judul Sêrat Darmasalokayang tersimpan di Perpustakaan Indonesia dengan nomor katalog PW 26/KS 77. Naskah KS 539 B berdasarkan kolofonnya, selesai ditulis pada 29 Sura tahun Je 1814 AJ, atau 29 Muharram 1302 H, atau 18 November 1884 M. Naskah KS 539 C selesai ditulis pada Senin tanggal 28 bulan Ramadhan tahun 1816 AJ atau pada tanggal 20 Juni tahun 1887 M. Adapun naskah PW 26/KS 77 selesai ditulis pada 25 Jumadilawal tahun Je 1846 AJ, atau 30 Maret 1916 M.

El inglés Aaron Manby (1776-1850) es el iniciador de una saga, continuada por sus hijos, también ingenieros: Charles (1804-1884), John Richard (1813-1869), Joseph (1814-1862), y Edward (1816-1864). Todos ellos desempeñaron un papel muy relevante en la Europa del ochocientos, combinando su profesión como ingenieros con una intensa actividad industrial, que desarrollaron en Gran Bretaña, Francia y España. Aaron, el patriarca, fue el primero en construir un barco de hierro, que comunicó Gran Bretaña y Francia. En Francia levantó una gran industria metalúrgica a principios de la década de 1820, dedicándose a la construcción de este tipo de buques, y entre otros menesteres también abarcó la fabricación de equipamiento para el negocio gasista; de hecho, obtuvo la concesión para el alumbrado de París. A mediados de los años 1840 sus hijos Joseph y Edward marcharon a España, donde destacaron con un trabajo frenético en la industria del gas, así como en la desecación de lagunas, la construcción de ferrocarril, o la explotación minera. En este estudio se analiza el conjunto de sus actividades, subrayando su participación en el nacimiento de la industria española del gas, sin descuidar el resto de ámbitos en los que diversificaron sus inversiones.

Abstract The generic synonyms of Taumacera Thunberg, 1814 are revised. Acroxena Baly, 1879; Kinabalua Mohamedsaid, 1997; Neochrolea Jacoby, 1887; Paraenidea Laboissière, 1933 and Xenarthra Baly, 1861 are proposed as new synonyms of Taumacera. Luperomorphella Chûjô, 1964 is removed from the synonymy with Taumacera and proposed as a new synonym of Cerophysa Chevrolat, 1836. As a result of the examination of extensive type material, the following new combinations are proposed: Cerophysaalbomaculata (Chûjô, 1964) comb. nov. (from Luperomorpha), Hoplosaenidea basalis (Duvivier, 1884) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hoplosaenidea dohertyi (Jacoby, 1894) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hoplosaenidea rubripennis (Duvivier, 1884) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia balyi (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia bicornuta (Medvedev, 2001) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia costata (Medvedev, 2001) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia tonkinensis (Laboissière, 1936) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Pseudoscelida metallica (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Doridea), Pseudoscelida nigrolimbata (Jacoby, 1899) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera antennata (Mohamedsaid, 1997) comb. nov. (from Kinabalua), Taumacera bella (Weise, 1922) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera cervicornis (Baly, 1861) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera clypeata (Baly, 1888) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera coxalis (Jacoby, 1899) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera facialis (Baly, 1886) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera fulva (Kimoto, 1989) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera jacobyi (Weise, 1922) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera javanensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. (from Dorydea), Taumacera lewisi (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera martensi (Medvedev, 1990) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera mirabilis (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera musaamani (Mohamedsaid, 2010) comb. nov. (from Kinabalua), Taumacera nasuta (Baly, 1879) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera paradoxa (Laboissière, 1936) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera samoderzhenkovi (Medvedev, 1992) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera submetallica (Jacoby, 1896) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera sumatrensis (Jacoby, 1884) comb. nov. (from Aenidea), Taumacera suturalis (Duvivier, 1885) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera unicolor (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera viridis (Hope, 1831) comb. nov. (from Auchenia). New substitute names are proposed for preoccupied taxa which are newly transferred to Taumacera from other genera: Taumacera kimotoi nom. nov. (for Acroxena femoralis Kimoto, 1989, nec Platyxantha femoralis Allard, 1889, synonym of T. fulvicollis (Jacoby, 1881)); Taumacera indicola nom. nov. (for Acroxena indica Jacoby, 1896, nec Taumacera indica (Jacoby, 1889)); Taumacera medvedevi nom. nov. (for Acroxena nigricornis Medvedev, 1992, nec Taumacera nigricornis (Baly, 1864)). The following new synonyms are established: Fleutiauxia chinensis (Maulik, 1933) = Fleutiauxia mutifrons Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963 syn. nov.; Hoplosaenidea abdominalis (Jacoby, 1884) = Platyxantha wallacei Jacoby, 1895 syn. nov.; Metrioidea grandis (Allard, 1889) = Platyxantha robusta Jacoby, 1895 syn. nov.; Taumacera lewisi (Jacoby, 1887) = Aenidea hirtipennis Jacoby, 1887 syn. nov.; Taumacera indica (Jacoby, 1889) = Palpoxena yunnana Medvedev, 2015 syn. nov.; Taumacera sumatrensis (Jacoby, 1884) = Ozomena intermedia Jacoby, 1899 syn. nov. Platyxantha quadraticollis Jacoby, 1896 is confirmed as a synonym of Theopella bodjoensis (Duvivier, 1885). The name Hyphaenia tibialis Medvedev & Romantsov, 2013 is fixed by the act of the first reviewer principle. Based on the structure of antennae, seven species-groups are recognized (the antennata-group, the cervicornis-group, the deusta-group, the insignis-group, the nasuta-group, the nigricornis-group, and the viridis-group). Lectotypes are designated for Platyxantha balyi Jacoby, 1895 and Dorydea indica Jacoby, 1889, which is important since each of their syntype series consists of two different species

The taxonomy of majid spider crabs collected from recent southwest Indian Ocean cruises belonging to Eurynome Leach, 1814, and allied genera is treated. Eurynome longimana Stimpson, 1857, long synonymised with the European E. aspera (Pennant, 1777), is here recognised as a distinct species. Stimpson’s (1857) species can be distinguished by the armature of granules on the third maxilliped, proportions and armature of the ambulatory merus, relatively shorter ambulatory dactylus, structure of the male sternopleonal cavity and relative proportions of the male first gonopod. The composition of Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932, is discussed and the type species, C. koreensis Rathbun, 1932, is figured. One species, C. verhoeffi (Balss, 1929), is not considered to be a member of Choniognathus and its taxonomy is discussed. A new spinose species, C. spinosus, is also described. Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986, is revised, and two new species, S. mirabilis and S. kabuto, are described and compared with S. orientalis (Sakai, 1961) and S. stimpsoni (Miers, 1884). The poorly known Eurynome elegans Stebbing, 1921 is rediscovered, its taxonomy clarified and the species is shown to belong to Kasagia Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007. A second species of Kasagia, K. sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath & Ng, 2019, recently described from the Arabian Sea is recorded from southwest Indian Ocean.

Gretchen Murphy, “Revising the Law of the Mother in the Adoption-Marriage Plot” (pp. 342–365) This essay traces a common plot in British and American fiction in which an outsider is first adopted and then later marries into a family. Such plots have been linked with the transition from blood to voluntary association in liberal society, but this essay examines the apparent superfluity of adoption and marriage in bringing the outsider into the family. Surveying historicist and psychoanalytic interpretations of the role of incest in the formation of democratic and contractual community in these works, the essay uses Juliet Mitchell’s psychoanalytic theory of siblings to propose that these plots address a central challenge of democracy: mediating equality and freedom when a legally imposed equality among all stands at odds with the freedom to create closed communities of choice. Shifting from adopted siblinghood to marriage enables a fantasy of social relations that are entirely chosen rather than imposed. Novels discussed include Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814); James Fenimore Cooper’s Wyandotté (1843); Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847); Maria Susanna Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854); Frank J. Webb’s The Garies and Their Friends (1857); Anthony Trollope’s Doctor Thorne (1858); Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862); Augusta Jane Evans’s St. Elmo (1866); María Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought It? (1872); and Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona (1884).

Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods. The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole vole Ellobiusalaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 is one of three sibling species constituting the subgenus Ellobius Fischer, 1814, all of which lost the Y chromosome and obtained isomorphic XX sex chromosomes in both males and females. E.alaicus is evaluated by IUCN as a data deficient species because their distribution, biology, and genetics are almost unknown. We revealed specific karyotypic variability (2n = 52–48) in E.alaicus due to different Robertsonian translocations (Rbs). Two variants of hybrids (2n = 53, different Rbs) with E.tancrei Blasius, 1884 were found at the Northern slopes of the Alay Ridge and in the Naryn district, Kyrgyzstan. We described the sudden change in chromosome numbers from 2n = 50 to 48 and specific karyotype structure for mole voles, which inhabit the entrance to the Alay Valley (Tajikistan), and revealed their affiliation as E.alaicus by cytochrome b and fragments of nuclear XIST and Rspo1 genes sequencing. To date, it is possible to expand the range of E.alaicus from the Alay Valley (South Kyrgyzstan) up to the Ferghana Ridge and the Naryn Basin, Tien Shan at the north-east and to the Pamir-Alay Mountains (Tajikistan) at the west. The closeness of E.tancrei and E.alaicus is supported, whereas specific chromosome and molecular changes, as well as geographic distribution, verified the species status for E.alaicus. The case of Ellobius species accented an unevenness in rates of chromosome and nucleotide changes along with morphological similarity, which is emblematic for cryptic species.

Unpublished archives concerning the Faience, Porcelain and Stone Vessels Factory in Ćmielów and vessels from the Drucki-Lubecki porcelain services in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum The first part of the article discusses a so far unpublished notarial deed of sale in 1845 by the Pusłowski brothers: Xawery Pusłowski (1806–1874), Wandalin Pusłowski (1814–1884), Franciszek Pusłowski (1800–1859) and Władysław Pusłowski (1801–1859), to Duchess Teresa of Drucki-Lubecki, Countess Scipio del Campo, half of the Ćmielów estate with annexes and appurtenances they inherited from their father, Wojciech Pusłowski, who died in 1833. The deed recorded in the register of documents of the Warsaw Notary Office has not survived. All the more valuable is a document held in the Manuscripts Department of the Jagiellonian Library, the second main extract of a deed of sale, drawn up in Warsaw on 29 May 1845 by Marcin Ciechanowski, scribe of the records of the Kingdom of Poland and regent of the Land Registry of the Warsaw Governorate. The first main extract, given to Teresa of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, Countess Scipio del Campo, was not preserved in the Szczuczynski Archives of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, held in the Czartoryski Library in Krakow. The second part of the article presents 39 pieces of Ćmielów porcelain vessels from five Drucki-Lubecki family services ordered in the Ćmielów factory at a time when the Drucki-Lubecki dukes were co-owners or sole proprietors of the Ćmielów estate and the faience, stoneware and porcelain factory in Ćmielów. Particularly valuable are dishes from the service dating from 1839 to 1851, bearing the monograms MD.L., Duchess Maria Drucka-Lubecka, wife of Duke Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. The marks used on Ćmielów porcelain previously unknown in the literature were published. Basis on entries in the French press, the names of three French specialists (Auguste Teissonnière, Jules Teissonnière, Louis Delagnier) have been determined, which have so far been incorrectly reported in the literature.

Жарова Екатерина Юрьевна — кандидат биологических наук, ассистент кафедры зоологии и анатомии Брянского государственного университета им. академика И.Г. Петровского. Эл. адрес: caty-zharr@yandex.ru Адрес: Россия, 241036, г. Брянск, ул. Бежицкая, д. 14.Описывается история развития биологического образования на физико-математических факультетах российских университетов в XIX — начале XX в.Выделяются наиболее важные этапы становления и развития биологического образования: разделение физико-математических факультетов на математическое и естественное отделения, завершившееся в основном к концу 1840-х гг.; введение для студентов-естественников и медиков обязательных практических занятий в лабораториях, осуществленное после принятия университетского Устава 1863 г., который, кроме этого, дал возможность студентам естественных отделений специализироваться в области химии, геологии, географии, различных отделов биологии. Наиболее существенные изменения в учебный процесс внес последний университетский Устав 1884 г., который отменил привычные ежегодные экзамены, заменив их зачетами полугодий.На примере естественного отделения Петербургского университета рассмотрены изменения в образовательном процессе, которые произошли при переходе с курсовой на предметную систему в 1906/1907 учебном году. Показано, что введение предметной системы практически не изменило порядок прохождения университетского курса студентами-естественниками, поскольку еще ранее на факультетах практиковалась специализация внутри отделений. Подчеркивается, что в рамках как предметной, так и курсовой системы обучения начала XX в. российские студенты могли получить качественное биологическое образование, поскольку им была предоставлена возможность заниматься научными исследованиями в лабораториях с необходимым инструментарием в любом университетском центре.

The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.

Artykuł poświęcony jest postaciom zasłużonym dla organizacji bibliotek w Polsce, które przyczyniły się do wypracowania zasad katalogowania zbiorów bibliotecznych począwszy od czasów oświecenia: Onufremu Kopczyńskiemu (1735-1817); Joachimowi Lelewelowi (1786-1861), Stanisławowi Dunin-Borkowskiemu (1782-1850), Franciszkowi Maksymilianowi Sobieszczańskiemu (1814-1878), Włodzimierzowi Górskiemu (ok. 1824-1878), Karolowi Estreicherowi (starszemu, 1827-1908), Rudolfowi Kotuli (1875-1940), Marianowi Łodyńskiemu (1884-1972) i oczywiście Józefowi Gryczowi (1890-1954) – autorowi Przepisów katalogowania w bibliotekach polskich. I Alfabetyczny katalog druków (Warszawa 1934), pierwszej oficjalnej polskiej instrukcji katalogowania, zatwierdzonej przez Ministerstwo Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego, jako obowiązujące biblioteki w Polsce.

The family Ammotheidae is the most diversified group of the class Pycnogonida, with 297 species described in 20 genera. Its monophyly and intergeneric relationships have been highly debated in previous studies. Here, we investigated the phylogeny of Ammotheidae using specimens from poorly studied areas. We sequenced the mitochondrial gene encoding the first subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (CO1) from 104 specimens. The complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene was sequenced from a selection of 80 taxa to provide further phylogenetic signal. The base composition in CO1 shows a higher heterogeneity in Ammotheidae than in other families, which may explain their apparent polyphyly in the CO1 tree. Although deeper nodes of the tree receive no statistical support, Ammotheidae was found to be monophyletic and divided into two clades, here defined as distinct subfamilies: Achelinae comprises the genera Achelia Hodge, 1864, Ammothella Verrill, 1900, Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884 and Tanystylum Miers, 1879; and Ammotheinae includes the genera Ammothea Leach, 1814, Acheliana Arnaud, 1971, Cilunculus Loman, 1908, Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969 and also Teratonotum gen. nov., including so far only the type species Ammothella stauromata Child, 1982. The species Cilunculus gracilis Nakamura & Child, 1991 is reassigned to Ammothella, forming the binomen Ammothella gracilis (Nakamura & Child, 1991) comb. nov. Additional taxonomic re-arrangements are suggested for the genera Achelia, Acheliana, Ammothella and Cilunculus.