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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „180 seconds method“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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Garrote, R. L., R. A. Bertone, E. R. Silva und A. Avalle. „Note. Comparison of Two Rapid Methods of Lipoxygenase Assay in Blanched Green Peas, Green Beans and Potatoes“. Food Science and Technology International 7, Nr. 2 (April 2001): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320100700211.
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Two rapid methods, methylene blue bleaching (MBB) and potassium iodide-starch (KI-S), for lipoxygenase assay in blanched green peas, cut green beans and diced potatoes were evaluated and compared, using as a reference a quantitative spectrophotometric procedure for lipoxygenase (LPO) activity determination. Green peas (diameter - 10-II mm), cut green beans (diameter = 10 mm; length = 20 mm) and diced potatoes (cubes of 10 mm) were water blanched at 100 'C; heating times ranged between 10 and 40 seconds. For visual comparison of the methods, two times were registered: starting time, when the color began to change, and final time, when the color change fully developed. Both rapid visual methods (MBB and KI-S) showed good performance in detecting LPO in blanched vegetable samples. KI-S method was more sensitive than MBB procedure, with its detection limit between 0.70 and 1.80 LPO units/g, depending on the product. Additionally, FT was 180 seconds for KI-S method as compared to 600 seconds for MBB procedure, therefore, KI-S method is recommended as the best option for a rapid assay of LPO in the vegetables studied.
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Sorimachi, Takatoshi, Hiroshi Abe, Shigekazu Takeuchi und Ryuichi Tanaka. „Ischemic depolarization monitoring: evaluation of protein synthesis in the hippocampal CA1 after brief unilateral ischemia in a gerbil model“. Journal of Neurosurgery 97, Nr. 1 (Juli 2002): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.1.0104.
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Object. The authors investigate whether depolarization monitoring is an accurate index of ischemic damage in a gerbil model of unilateral ischemia and assess the effects of brief cerebral ischemia on protein synthesis in this model. Methods. The authors evaluate the relationship between the duration of ischemic depolarization caused by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the CA1 subregion 7 days after ischemia. When the depolarization period exceeded 210 seconds, some neuronal damage was detected, and almost complete neuronal damage was observed when the period exceeded 400 seconds. Uptake of [14C]valine was evaluated in ischemic and nonischemic CA1 subregions. Disturbances in protein synthesis were seen in all animals subjected to sublethal ischemia (≤ 210-second depolarization) after a 10-minute recirculation, and after 2 and 6 hours of recirculation in animals with 90 seconds or more of depolarization. Inhibition of protein synthesis was proportional to the length of the depolarization period. After 1 and 3 days of recirculation, protein synthesis returned to near normal, and some animals with depolarizations greater than 180 to 210 seconds showed an increase in protein synthesis. Protein synthesis in all animals returned to normal levels after 7 days of recirculation. Conclusions. In this study the authors demonstrate that monitoring of ischemic depolarization is a useful method to predict neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 in this model, and they identify subtle changes in protein synthesis after brief ischemia. Sublethal ischemia was divided into three categories by its depolarization period (< 90 seconds, 90–180 seconds, and > 180–210 seconds) with regard to changes in protein synthesis.
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Rinaldi, R. Gustav, Muhammad Anton Kuncoro und Yesiana Arimurti. „PERBANDINGAN PENGISIAN KAPASITOR OLEH PIEZOELEKTRIK DENGAN BATERI“. Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 3 (28.02.2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v3i0.28522.
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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong><strong> </strong>This study aims to compare the charging of capacitors by piezoelectric with batteries. The research method is tapping a 2.7 cm diameter piezoelectric using a finger with a frequency of 30 bpm, 60 bpm, 90 bpm, 120 bpm, 150 bpm and 180 bpm to fill a capacitor of 47 uF which is observed every 10 seconds for 90 seconds. The 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 bpm beats respectively produced the capacitor end voltage of 575 mV, 882 mV, 980 mV, 1337 mV, 1383 mV, and 1444 mV. After that, the relationship between the beat frequency and the final voltage of the capacitor is analyzed to be compared with charging the capacitor by the battery.<strong></strong></p><p class="KeywordsEngish"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengisian kapasitor oleh piezoelektrik dengan baterai. Metode peneltian berupa mengetuk sebuah piezoelektrik berdiameter 2,7 cm menggunakan jari tangan dengan frekuensi 30 bpm, 60 bpm, 90 bpm, 120 bpm, 150 bpm, dan 180 bpm untuk mengisi kapasitor sebesar 47 uF yang tegangannya diamati setiap 10 detik selama 90 detik. Ketukan 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, dan 180 bpm secara berturut – turut menghasilkan tegangan akhir kapasitor sebesar 575 mV, 882 mV, 980 mV, 1337 mV, 1383 mV, dan 1444 mV. Setelah itu, hubungan antara frekuensi ketukan dan tegangan akhir kapasitor dianalsisis untuk dibandingkan dengan pengisian kapasitor oleh baterai.</p>
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Prasanko, Andika Wahyu, Dwi Djumhariyanto und Agus Triono. „ANALISIS PARAMETER INJECTION MOLDING TERHADAP WAKTU SIKLUS DAN CACAT FLASH PRODUK TUTUP BOTOL 180 ML MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI“. ROTOR 10, Nr. 1 (01.04.2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v10i1.5147.
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At present plastic becomes inseparable from human life especially in the food and beverage industry. One of the methods used in the manufacturing process of plastic products is injection molding. Injection molding is one of manufacturing technique that consists of a series of cyclical processes and is used to produce thermoplastic materials. The effect of the combination of process parameters impact on the product results such as the quantity and quality of the product, the non-conformity of the parameters causes the production to be not optimal. One method that can be used for optimization is the taguchi method. The taguchi method is a set of special matrices called orthoghonal arrays that are used as reference in the determination combination of parameters and level values. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal cycle time and net of the product on the process of making 180 ml bottle cap but by minimizing flash defects. The method used in this phase is ANOVA, and the calculation of taguchi method by using minitab 16 software. From the result of the research, the result of optimal condition is combination injection pressure 1320 bar, injection speed 50 mm/s, holding pressure 300 bar, and nozzle temperature 255oC produces a cycle time value of 15.72 seconds and netto 3.56 grams. This result is better than the setting of the company that produces 16.66 seconds cycle time and entered in the net range of 4 ± 0.5 grams resulting in an increase in production of 5.97%. While with combination of injection pressure 1280 bar, injection speed 50 mm / s, holding pressure 300 bar, and nozzle temperature 245oC resulted in fewer number of flash defects compared to company setting that is 12 units from 80 units of sample.
Keywords: flash deffect, injection molding, taguchi method, cycle time
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Alpöz, A. Rıza, Fahinur Ertuḡrul, Dilsah Cogulu, Aslı Topaloḡlu Ak, Metin Tanoḡlu und Elçin Kaya. „Effects of Light Curing Method and Exposure Time on Mechanical Properties of Resin Based Dental Materials“. European Journal of Dentistry 02, Nr. 01 (Januar 2008): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697351.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate microhardness and compressive strength of composite resin (Tetric-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), compomer (Compoglass, Ivoclar, Vivadent), and resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, GC Corp) polymerized using halogen light (Optilux 501, Demetron, Kerr) and LED (Bluephase C5, Ivoclar Vivadent) for different curing times.Methods: Samples were placed in disc shaped plastic molds with uniform size of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness for surface microhardness test and placed in a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 2 mm teflon cylinders for compressive strength test. For each subgroup, 20 samples for microhardness (n=180) and 5 samples for compressive strength were prepared (n=45). In group 1, samples were polymerized using halogen light source for 40 seconds; in group 2 and 3 samples were polymerized using LED light source for 20 seconds and 40 seconds respectively. All data were analyzed by two way analysis of ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.Results: Same exposure time of 40 seconds with a low intensity LED was found similar or more efficient than a high intensity halogen light unit (P>.05), however application of LED for 20 seconds was found less efficient than 40 seconds curing time (P=.03).Conclusions: It is important to increase the light curing time and use appropriate light curing devices to polymerize resin composite in deep cavities to maximize the hardness and compressive strength of restorative materials. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:37-42)
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Mitkovic, Milan, Sasa Milenkovic, Ivan Micic, Igor Kostic, Predrag Stojiljkovic und Milorad Mitkovic. „Operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy time in different internal fixation methods for subtrochanteric fractures treatment“. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, Nr. 9-10 (2018): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh180220042m.
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Introduction/Objective. Subtrochanteric fractures are unstable, tending to a varus, antecurvatum, and shortening deformity. The aim of this paper was to compare operation time and fluoroscopy time between different internal fixation methods in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. Method. The prospective study of the group of 27 patients with a subtrochanteric fracture treated by the SIF (selfdynamisable internal fixator with a trochanteric unit) method had been done. Operation time and fluoroscopy time values from this group were compared to the same parameters data from the literature for intramedullary (IM) nails, proximal femur locking plates (PF-LCP), dynamic condylar screws (DCS), and the 95?-angled blade plate. Results. In the SIF group, operation time was 62.2 (25?140) minutes and fluoroscopy time was 43 (20?95) s. Average operation time from the literature data was: 102.1 (43?181) minutes for IM nail, 94.2 (75?129) minutes for PF-LCP, 105.3 (70?166) minutes for DCS and 221.5 (171?272) minutes for blade plate. Average fluoroscopy time from the literature data was: 109.6 (34?250) seconds for IM nail, 102.3 (47?180) seconds for PF-LCP, 238 seconds for DCS. Operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy time were higher in IM nail, PF-LCP, DCS and blade plate comparing to SIF method (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The above mentioned difference could be explained by a degree of required accuracy in the initial operative technique maneuvers, by used number of screws and by the type of the fracture reduction performance in different fixation methods. Operation time during IM nailing of subtrochanteric fractures sometimes can be shorter than average operation time in SIF method, what could be explained by the skill of the surgeon to perform as fast closed reduction for insertion of guide wire.
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Grap, MJ, C. Glass, M. Corley und T. Parks. „Endotracheal suctioning: ventilator vs manual delivery of hyperoxygenation breaths“. American Journal of Critical Care 5, Nr. 3 (01.05.1996): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1996.5.3.192.
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BACKGROUND: Despite a large number of studies on endotracheal suctioning, there is little data on the impact of clinically practical hyperoxygenation techniques on physiologic parameters in critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the manual and mechanical delivery of hyperoxygenation before and after endotracheal suctioning using methods commonly employed in clinical practice. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used, with twenty-nine ventilated patients with a lung injury index of 1.54 (mild-moderate lung injury). Three breaths were given before and after each of two suction catheter passes using both the manual resuscitation bag and the ventilator. Arterial pressure, capillary oxygen saturation, heart rate, and cardiac rhythm were monitored for 1 minute prior to the intervention to obtain a baseline, continuously throughout the procedure, and for 3 minutes afterward. Arterial blood gases were collected immediately prior to the suctioning intervention, immediately after, and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 seconds after the intervention. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Arterial oxygen partial pressures were significantly higher using the ventilator method. Peak inspiratory pressures during hyperoxygenation were significantly higher with the manual resuscitation bag method. Significant increases were observed in mean arterial pressure during and after suctioning, with both delivery methods, with no difference between methods. Maximal increases in arterial oxygen partial pressure and arterial oxygen saturation occurred 30 seconds after hyperoxygenation, falling to baseline values at 3 minutes for both methods. CONCLUSION: Using techniques currently employed in clinical practice, these findings support the use of the patient's ventilator for hyperoxygenation during suctioning.
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Weiss, HJ, VT Turitto, HR Baumgartner, Y. Nemerson und T. Hoffmann. „Evidence for the presence of tissue factor activity on subendothelium“. Blood 73, Nr. 4 (01.03.1989): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.4.968.968.
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Abstract By a variety of methods, tissue factor activity was demonstrated in the subendothelium of rabbit aorta and human umbilical artery. In one method, everted segments of de-endothelialized vessels were mounted in an annular perfusion chamber and the subendothelial surface was exposed to nonanticoagulated human blood under controlled flow. Procoagulant activity was assessed by measuring fibrin deposition on subendothelium and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels in post chamber blood. Both fibrin deposition and FPA were decreased with rabbit vessel segments exposed (at a shear rate of 650 seconds-1) to blood from patients with factor VII deficiency and with umbilical artery segments (at shear rates of 90 to 180 seconds-1) that had been pretreated with a monoclonal antibody to human tissue factor. In a second method, everted umbilical artery segments were mounted on a stir bar and the subendothelial surface was exposed, with stirring, to plasma or purified coagulation factors. The capacity of the surface to clot plasma on addition of calcium was inhibited by the antibody to tissue factor. The surface also activated purified 3H-factor X in the presence of factor VIIa, but not in its absence, and this surface property was almost entirely eliminated by pretreating the vessel segments with antitissue factor. Tissue factor activity in subendothelium could play a role in both the arrest of bleeding and in promoting the formation of thrombi at sites of vascular injury.
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Weiss, HJ, VT Turitto, HR Baumgartner, Y. Nemerson und T. Hoffmann. „Evidence for the presence of tissue factor activity on subendothelium“. Blood 73, Nr. 4 (01.03.1989): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.4.968.bloodjournal734968.
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By a variety of methods, tissue factor activity was demonstrated in the subendothelium of rabbit aorta and human umbilical artery. In one method, everted segments of de-endothelialized vessels were mounted in an annular perfusion chamber and the subendothelial surface was exposed to nonanticoagulated human blood under controlled flow. Procoagulant activity was assessed by measuring fibrin deposition on subendothelium and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels in post chamber blood. Both fibrin deposition and FPA were decreased with rabbit vessel segments exposed (at a shear rate of 650 seconds-1) to blood from patients with factor VII deficiency and with umbilical artery segments (at shear rates of 90 to 180 seconds-1) that had been pretreated with a monoclonal antibody to human tissue factor. In a second method, everted umbilical artery segments were mounted on a stir bar and the subendothelial surface was exposed, with stirring, to plasma or purified coagulation factors. The capacity of the surface to clot plasma on addition of calcium was inhibited by the antibody to tissue factor. The surface also activated purified 3H-factor X in the presence of factor VIIa, but not in its absence, and this surface property was almost entirely eliminated by pretreating the vessel segments with antitissue factor. Tissue factor activity in subendothelium could play a role in both the arrest of bleeding and in promoting the formation of thrombi at sites of vascular injury.
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Afolabi, Oluwasola O. D., und M. Sohail. „Comparative evaluation of conventional and microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste for value recovery“. Water Science and Technology 75, Nr. 12 (18.03.2017): 2852–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.164.
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This paper compares conventional and microwave hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of human biowaste (HBW) at 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C as a potential technology to recover valuable carbonaceous solid fuel char and organic-rich liquor. Also discussed are the influence of HTC heating methods and temperature on HBW processing conversion into solid fuel char, i.e. yield and post-HTC management, dewaterability rates, particle size distribution and the carbon and energy properties of solid fuel char. While HTC temperatures influenced all parameters investigated, especially yield and properties of end products recovered, heating source effects were noticeable on dewatering rates, char particle sizes and HBW processing/end product recovery rate and, by extension, energy consumed. The microwave process was found to be more efficient for dewatering processed HBW and for char recovery, consuming half the energy used by the conventional HTC method despite the similarity in yields, carbon and energy properties of the recovered char. However, both processes reliably overcame the heterogeneity of HBW, converting them into non-foul end products, which were easily dewatered at <3 seconds/g total solids (TS) (c.f. 50.3 seconds/g TS for a raw sample) to recover energy-densified chars of ≈17 MJ/kg calorific value and up to 1.4 g/l of ammonia concentration in recovered liquor.
Dissertationen zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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Ekman, Filip, und Malin Molander. „Utvärdering av GNSS-baserade fri stationsetableringsmetoder : En jämförelse av realtidsuppdaterad fri station och 180-sekundersmetoden“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84934.
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Behovet av mätning med totalstation har inom många områden minskat till förmån för mätning med GNSS-baserad teknik som ett resultat av dess större flexibilitet och ofta acceptabla osäkerhet. GNSS-baserad mätning kan dock begränsas av olika faktorer, vilket skapar ett behov av mätning med totalstation. Etablering av totalstation sker traditionellt genom kända punkter, men när dessa inte finns tillgängliga behövs andra metoder för etablering som ger en låg osäkerhet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka två GNSS-baserade fri stationsetablerings-metoder. Realtidsuppdaterad fri station (RUFRIS) bygger på kombinerad mätning, där koordinaterna för minst 15 bakåtobjekt mäts in med NRTK samtidigt som totalstationen mäter längd och riktning mellan station och bakåtobjekt. 180-sekundersmetoden bygger på kontinuerlig mätning i tre minuter på minst tre punkter, för att sedan använda dessa punkter som bakåtobjekt under fri stationsetablering. Under tre dagar insamlades mätdata från totalt 60 etableringar i Skålsjön i Ovanåkers kommun. Totalt 30 etableringar per metod utfördes växlande med varandra för att få samma tidspåverkan för mätningarna. Platsen valdes till följd av en närliggande stompunkt av hög kvalitet samt en realistisk mätningsmiljö. Insamlade data bearbetades och beräknades med avseende på spridning och mätosäkerhet. Dessutom utfördes en tidsanalys av erhållna mätdata. Den enskilda standardosäkerheten för RUFRIS beräknades vara 6,7 mm i plan och 15 mm i höjd. För 180-sekundersmetoden beräknades standardsosäkerheten till 10 mm i plan och 7,2 mm i höjd. Enligt den lägeskontroll som utfördes i studien var det endast RUFRIS som klarade den beräknade toleransen i plan. I höjd var det enbart 180-sekundersmetoden som befann sig inom toleransen. RUFRIS klarade dock toleransen när samtliga grova fel uteslöts från beräkningen. Slutsatsen som drogs i denna studie var att RUFRIS lämpar sig väl för mätnings-situationer med fokus på plan i områden med god sikt. 180-sekundersmetoden lämpar sig däremot bättre till höjdmätning och kan potentiellt vara ett alternativ till avvägning när toleransen i höjd är inom 10 mm. Mätningarna utfördes under goda förhållanden med avseende på jonosfären, därav antogs upplevda störningar gällande erhållandet av fixlösning och mätvärden inte härstamma från denna felkälla. Mätosäkerheten ökade i samband med kraftigt snöfall, vilket tyder på att vädret påverkade resultatet. Sammanfattningsvis har båda metoderna sina styrkor och svagheter, men ingen av metoderna visade sig vara mer lämplig än den andra när etableringen avser mätning i både plan och höjd.The purpose of this study is to investigate two GNSS-based methods of establishing a free total station. Due to technological advances made within GNSS-based measuring, the total station is seeing less use by surveyors in the field. Despite this, there are situations where GNSS-receivers might struggle and the need to use a total station arises. In these situations, there needs to be a reliable method of establishing the total station without known points and with a low uncertainty. This can be accomplished by utilizing real time updated free station (RUFRIS) and the 180-seconds method. Both RUFRIS and the 180-seconds method is frequently used by municipalities and companies, which raises the question about which of these methods performs better. To answer this, a comparison is made between these two methods regarding their uncertainty, their user friendliness, which situations they are best suited for and how different time aspects might affect them. A total of 60 establishments have been made over the course of three days while comparing the results to a known reference point. The results showed that RUFRIS is better suited for horizontal measurements, is quick to use and needs a larger area, while the 180-seconds method is better suited for vertical measurements, takes a bit longer and requires less space.
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Ramos, Mabel. „Estrategias en el proceso de escritura en estudiantes de escuela elemental de un programa de inmersion“. Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1900.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on August 28, 2009). Department of World Languages and Cultures, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Elena Natal, Nancy A. Newton, Marta M. Antón. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63).
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Deshpande, Anjali W. „Study and characetrization of plastic encapsulated packages for MEMS“. Digital WPI, 2005. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/100.
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Technological advancement has thrust MEMS design and fabrication into the forefront of modern technologies. It has become sufficiently self-sustained to allow mass production. The limiting factor which is stalling commercialization of MEMS is the packaging and device reliability. The challenging issues with MEMS packaging are application specific. The function of the package is to give the MEMS device mechanical support, protection from the environment, and electrical connection to other devices in the system. The current state of the art in MEMS packaging transcends the various packaging techniques available in the integrated circuit (IC) industry. At present the packaging of MEMS includes hermetic ceramic packaging and metal packaging with hermetic seals. For example the ADXL202 accelerometer from the Analog Devices. Study of the packaging methods and costs show that both of these methods of packaging are expensive and not needed for majority of MEMS applications. Due to this the cost of current MEMS packaging is relatively high, as much as 90% of the finished product. Reducing the cost is therefore of the prime concern. This Thesis explores the possibility of an inexpensive plastic package for MEMS sensors like accelerometers, optical MEMS, blood pressure sensors etc. Due to their cost effective techniques, plastic packaging already dominates the IC industry. They cost less, weigh less, and their size is small. However, porous nature of molding materials allows penetration of moisture into the package. The Thesis includes an extensive study of the plastic packaging and characterization of three different plastic package samples. Polymeric materials warp upon absorbing moisture, generating hygroscopic stresses. Hygroscopic stresses in the package add to the thermal stress due to high reflow temperature. Despite this, hygroscopic characteristics of the plastic package have been largely ignored. To facilitate understanding of the moisture absorption, an analytical model is presented in this Thesis. Also, an empirical model presents, in this Thesis, the parameters affecting moisture ingress. This information is important to determine the moisture content at a specific time, which would help in assessing reliability of the package. Moisture absorption is modeled using the single phase absorption theory, which assumes that moisture diffusion occurs freely without any bonding with the resin. This theory is based on the Fick's Law of diffusion, which considers that the driving force of diffusion is the water concentration gradient. A finite difference simulation of one-dimensional moisture diffusion using the Crank-Nicolson implicit formula is presented. Moisture retention causes swelling of compounds which, in turn, leads to warpage. The warpage induces hygroscopic stresses. These stresses can further limit the performance of the MEMS sensors. This Thesis also presents a non invasive methodology to characterize a plastic package. The warpage deformations of the package are measured using Optoelectronic holography (OEH) methodology. The OEH methodology is noninvasive, remote, and provides results in full-field-of-view. Using the quantitative results of OEH measurements of deformations of a plastic package, pressure build up can be calculated and employed to assess the reliability of the package.
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Arnott, Stephanie Jane Margaret. „Why AIM? - Educator Perspectives and Implementation of an Instructional Method for Teaching Core French as a Second Language in Ontario“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33909.
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Since 2003, the Canadian government has repeatedly called for research into innovative ways to teach Core French (CF) – a non-immersion program, where French as a Second Language (FSL) is taught on a daily basis, or a few times per week. This exploratory study investigates the driving forces behind the widespread popularity of a CF method called the Accelerative Integrated Method (AIM), which combines target language use with gestures, high-frequency vocabulary, and drama to accelerate the development of fluency from the onset of classroom instruction.
In order to learn more about the “meaningfulness” of this growing trend (Fullan, 2007), this mixed-method inquiry attempts to shift the focus from product to process, comparing educator perspectives and AIM implementation within two Ontario contexts: (a) where AIM was mandated for elementary (Grades 4-6) FSL instruction, and (b) where AIM was an optional method for FSL teachers to use (or not).
Survey and interview data were collected from and triangulated across a variety of educators from both contexts, including FSL consultants (n = 18), principals (n = 8), CF teachers (n = 9), and one Ontario Ministry of Education representative. Four semi-structured interviews and multiple observations were also conducted with those CF teachers who were using AIM (n = 8). An additional CF teacher who had attempted to use AIM, and had subsequently rejected it, was also interviewed.
Findings showed that AIM implementation and educator perspectives did not vary significantly based on whether AIM was mandated or optional for CF instruction. A clear preference emerged towards using AIM and the accompanying resources during the beginning stages of CF instruction. Discussion about the growing popularity of AIM was positive; however, it also exposed a range of emotions about when and how AIM should be used. In terms of implementation, while some AIM routines, activities, and strategies were used by all, each AIM teacher exercised their agency while using the method, supplementing and adapting for different reasons. Implications include the need to reexamine the objectives of micro-level AIM policies, recognize the adaptability of AIM, and consider including detailed observations in future research linking AIM to student achievement.
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Ramos, Mabel. „Estrategias en el proceso de escritura en estudiantes de escuela elemental de un programa de inmersión“. Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1900.
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Schroeder, Stephanie G. „Aplicaciones de la teoría de la actividad a la enseñanza de Español mediante proyectos“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6107.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Es obvio que nuestro mundo ha cambiado mucho en las últimas tres décadas. Los métodos antiguos de enseñanza servían su función en las aulas y en el sistema educativo de aquella época los alumnos iban a la escuela, se sentaban delante del maestro y lo escuchaban para aprender el contenido; con estos cambios algunos maestros todavía esperan que sus estudiantes aprendan de la misma manera que en años anteriores. Todavía existe la mentalidad de que los estudiantes entran en un aula, se sientan y escuchan a su maestro. Este trabajo propone una forma de desarrollar proyectos desde la perspectiva de la teoría de actividad. Para entender mejor la teoría de actividad y su uso en el aprendizaje basado en los proyectos, empezaremos con una revisión de la historia de la teoría, una explicación de sus principios y luego presentaremos un ejemplo en un aula donde un maestro inculca confianza en los estudiantes y les da la oportunidad de hacer actividades para mostrar sus habilidades, todo guiado por la teoría de actividad.
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Tuttle, Alan Robert. „El estudio en el extranjero: Hacia un enfoque en las expectativas“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3192.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)El propósito de esta investigación es ahondar más en las expectativas que forman los estudiantes de un programa Máster de la enseñanza de segunda lengua para su experiencia de estudio en el extranjero (EE). El investigador intenta observar la formación y la evolución de estas expectativas y, después del programa, la realización percibida de estas expectativas y sus posibles explicaciones. También espera ver la conexión entre la formación y realización de sus expectativas y estar en programa de enseñanza de segunda lengua. Además, se considera que esta investigación valdrá para evaluar informalmente la experiencia de EE provista por el programa de Másters en la enseñanza de segunda lengua y para arrojar más luz sobre qué expectativas son realistas para un programa de este tipo.
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Held, Joachim. „Ein Gebietszerlegungsverfahren für parabolische Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Finite-Volumen-Diskretisierung“. Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B39E-E.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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The second 100 Chinese characters: The quick and easy method to learn the second 100 Chinese characters. Tokyo: Tuttle, 2007.
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The second 100 Chinese characters: The quick and easy method to learn the second 100 most basic Chinese characters. Tokyo: Tuttle, 2007.
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Matthews, Laurence, und Alison Matthews. Second 100 Chinese Characters : Traditional Character Edition: The Quick and Easy Method to Learn the Second 100 Most Basic Chinese Characters. Tuttle Publishing, 2017.
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Matthews, Laurence, und Alison Matthews. Second 100 Chinese Characters: The Quick and Easy Method to Learn the Second 100 Basic Chinese Characters: Traditional Character Edition (Tuttle Language Library) (Tuttle Language Library). Charles E Tuttle Co, 2007.
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Matthews, Laurence, und Alison Matthews. The Second 100 Chinese Characters: The Quick and Easy Method to Learn the Second 100 Basic Chinese Characters: Simplified Character Edition (Tuttle Language Library) (Tuttle Language Library). Charles E Tuttle Co, 2007.
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Theory and Methodology in International Comparative Classroom Studies. Cappelen Damm Akademisk, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.130.
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This anthology is addressed to researchers, students and professionals within education and special needs education as well as related fields such as psychology, health sciences and other fields within the social sciences and humanities. Part One contains two articles; one is an introduction to the anthology, while the other gives the reader insight into the history of educational ideas from the beginning of elementary education “for all and everyone” in 1739 to current efforts being made to implement the principles of the inclusive school. Part Two contains seven articles that mainly provide perspectives from cultural-historical and didactic-curricular theories, focusing on certain aspects of practice such as communication and care as well as teaching, learning and development. Why does it take such a long time to realise the principle of inclusion? Amongst the many and legitimate assumptions, there is an increasing awareness of ethical issues. Part Three addresses these issues by paying specific attention to Bulgarian-French scholar Julia Kristeva’s social critique and her introduction of an ethical-political programme where our shared human sense of vulnerability is at the centre of civic solidarity and inclusion. Part Four is devoted to methodological considerations and choices. Small-scale research projects are in focus, particularly classroom studies related to international comparative analysis. Various qualitative approaches are investigated, including case studies and “mixed methods”. Action research has in particular attracted interest from classroom researchers and is therefore outlined and discussed in several articles. This is the second of three anthologies related to the international comparative research cooperation project WB 04/06: Development towards the Inclusive School: Practices – Research – Capacity Building.
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Cunningham, Patricia Marr. Making Words Second Grade: 100 Hands-On Lessons for Phonemic Awareness, Phonics and Spelling (Making Words Series). Allyn & Bacon, 2008.
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Almagor, Eran. Plutarch and the Persica. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645558.001.0001.
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This book addresses two historical mysteries. The first is the content and character of the fourth century BCE Greek works on the Persian Achaemenid Empire treatises called the Persica. The second is the method of work of the second century CE biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea (CE 45-120) who used these works to compose his biographies, in particular the Life of the Persian king Artaxerxes. By dealing with both issues simultaneously, Almagor proposes a new way of approaching the two entangled problems, and offers a better understanding of both the portrayal of ancient Persia in the lost Persica works and the manner of their reception and adaptation nearly five hundred years later. Intended for both scholars and students of the Achaemenid Empire and Greek imperial literature, this book bridges the two worlds and two important branches of scholarship. The book builds a picture of the character and structure of the lost Persica works by Ctesias of Cnidus, Deinon of Colophon, Heracleides of Cyme. While focusing on the Artaxerxes (and certain other passages), it shows how Plutarch used the Persica.
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Araújo, Ana Cláudia Vaz de. Síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e nanocompósitos com polianilina. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-120-2.
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In this work magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the precipitation method from an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution under ultrasound. A 23 factorial design in duplicate was carried out to determine the best synthesis conditions and to obtain the smallest crystallite sizes. Selected conditions were ultrasound frequency of 593 kHz for 40 min in 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH medium. Average crystallite sizes were of the order of 25 nm. The phase obtained was identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as magnetite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polydisperse particles with dimensions around 57 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed average particle diameters around 29 nm, in the same order of magnitude of the crystallite size determined with Scherrer’s equation. These magnetic nanoparticles were used to obtain nanocomposites with polyaniline (PAni). The material was prepared under exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) or under heating, from dispersions of the nanoparticles in an acidic solution of aniline. Unlike other synthetic routes reported elsewhere, this new route does not utilize any additional oxidizing agent. XRD analysis showed the appearance of a second crystalline phase in all the PAni-Fe3O4 composites, which was indexed as goethite. Furthermore, the crystallite size decreases nearly 50 % with the increase in the synthesis time. This size decrease suggests that the nanoparticles are consumed during the synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the amount of polyaniline increases with synthesis time. The nanocomposite electric conductivity was around 10-5 S cm-1, nearly one order of magnitude higher than for pure magnetite. Conductivity varied with the amount of PAni in the system, suggesting that the electric properties of the nanocomposites can be tuned according to their composition. Under an external magnetic field the nanocomposites showed hysteresis behavior at room temperature, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials. Saturation magnetization (MS) for pure magnetite was ~ 74 emu g-1. For the PAni-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, MS ranged from ~ 2 to 70 emu g-1, depending on the synthesis conditions. This suggests that composition can also be used to control the magnetic properties of the material.
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Whitaker, Curtis. Domesticating and Foreignizing the Sublime. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754824.003.0007.
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Translation of Milton into German flourished during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. During the first 100 years, as translators sought appropriate German forms for Milton’s aesthetic, versions of Paradise Lost appeared in prose, pentameter, and hexameter. A primary goal was to represent the sublime, with translations of Milton exerting a profound influence on original German works such as Klopstock’s Messias and Kant’s Critique of Judgement. In the nineteenth century, translators in general settled on the pentameter as the form of choice for Milton, but new questions arose as Schleiermacher’s theories of translation gained prominence in the 1810s. The second half of this chapter focuses on how translations of Milton from Schleiermacher’s period can illuminate our understanding of domesticating and foreignizing methods of translation, a key issue in translation theory.
Buchteile zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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Lassoued, L. „Periodic Solutions of a Nonlinear Second Order System“. In Variational Methods, 455–68. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1080-9_32.
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Reinhardt, H. J. „Approximation Methods for Integral Equations of the Second Kind“. In Applied Mathematical Sciences, 51–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1080-1_3.
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Huang, Jun, Duc Truong Pham, Ruiya Li, Kaiwen Jiang, Dalong Lyu und Chunqian Ji. „Strategies for Dealing with Problems in Robotised Unscrewing Operations“. In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 93–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_7.
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AbstractDisassembly is the first step in a remanufacturing process chain with unscrewing being usually the most frequent task. In previously reported research in the authors’ laboratory, a new method has been developed for using robots to unfasten screws. Uncertainties and variability in the physical condition of screws induced by dirt, rust, or mechanical damage pose difficulties for such robotised unscrewing systems. There are three common failure modes: screwdriver missing screw head, screwdriver slipping on screw head and screw too tight to remove. This paper presents strategies to handle these failure modes, making the developed robotised method more robust and reliable. The strategies include conducting a second search and second unfastening trial as well as involving collaboration with a human operator. Tests were carried out to validate the proposed strategies. The results show that the strategies could deal with the failure modes, enabling 100% successful operation.
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Pavesio, Monica Pavesio. „Gli Avis au lecteur delle comédies (e tragi-comédies) à l’espagnole: spunti per la definizione di un nuovo genere?“ In Studi e saggi, 41–58. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.5.
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It is well known that in France the Spanish comedy is not considered a model to be imitated, yet, reading the peritexts (dédicace, avis au lecteur, épître) of the 17th Century French adapters and comparing the imitations with the sources, we can see attitudes that are not always connected to preconceived ideas about the superiority of génie français, both in the consideration that the playwrights reveal towards contemporary Spanish plays, and in their way of adapting them. After outlining the duration and extent of the phenomenon of the seventeenth-century comédie à l'espagnole, the study analyzes the pièces and the peritexts, following two paths: the first investigates the real knowledge and opinion that the French dramatists had of Spanish dramaturgy; the second reconstructs and analyzes the translation methods that, in their forewords, the adapters claim they want to use to make Spanish theatrical texts usable in France, and which they often disregard in their pièces.
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Haig Gaisser, Julia. „Poggio and Other Book Hunters“. In Atti, 173–88. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-968-3.13.
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Seeking out rare and precious texts, or book hunting, was a favorite pursuit of the Renaissance humanists, but the activity had been practiced with enthusiasm (and often guile) since antiquity. This paper discusses the phenomenon over time, looking at representative book hunters from Aulus Gellius (second century CE) to Poggio Bracciolini (1380-1459), who was probably the most famous book hunter of them all. I will consider the discoveries of Catullus, Cicero’s Letters to Atticus, and Apuleius as well as several of the most famous finds of Poggio himself, emhasizing in each case the circumstances and method of discovery, the importance of the find, and the fate of the discovered book. The paper will close with a brief epilogue on some modern book hunters.
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Lee, P. J. „More about Discovery Process Models“. In Statistical Methods for Estimating Petroleum Resources, herausgegeben von Jo Anne DeGraffenreid. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195331905.003.0010.
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In Chapter 3 we discussed the concepts, functions, and applications of the two discovery process models LDSCV and NDSCV. In this chapter we will use various simulated populations to validate these two models to examine whether their performance meets our expectations. In addition, lognormal assumptions are applied to Weibull and Pareto populations to assess the impact on petroleum evaluation as a result of incorrect specification of probability distributions. A mixed population of two lognormal populations and a mixed population of lognormal, Weibull, and Pareto populations were generated to test the impact of mixed populations on assessment quality. NDSCV was then applied to all these data sets to validate the performance of the models. Finally, justifications for choosing a lognormal distribution in petroleum assessments are discussed in detail. Known populations were created as follows: A finite population was generated from a random sample of size 300 (N = 300) drawn from the lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull superpopulations. For the lognormal case, a population with μ = 0 and σ2 = 5 was assumed. The truncated and shifted Pareto population with shape factor θ = 0.4, maximum pool size = 4000, and minimum pool size = 1 was created. The Weibull population with λ = 20, θ = 1.0 was generated for the current study. The first mixed population was created by mixing two lognormal populations. Parameters for population I are μ = 0, σ2 = 3, and N1 = 150. For population II, μ = 3.0, σ2 = 3.2, and N2 = 150. The second mixed population was generated by mixing lognormal (N1 = 100), Pareto (N2 = 100), and Weibull (N3 = 100) populations with a total of 300 pools. In addition, a gamma distribution was also used for reference. The lognormal distribution is J-shaped if an arithmetic scale is used for the horizontal axis, but it shows an almost symmetrical pattern when a logarithmic scale is applied.
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„On Second-Order Properties of the Stationary Bootstrap Method for Studentized Statistics“. In Asymptotics, Nonparametrics, and Time Series, 707–9. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269772-120.
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Barth, Julian. „Methods for the Collection of Apocrine Sweat“. In Handbook of Non-Invasive Methods and the Skin, Second Edition, 821–22. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420003307-110.
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Mortimer, P. „Evaluation of Lymph Flow“. In Handbook of Non-Invasive Methods and the Skin, Second Edition, 741–50. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420003307-100.
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Lévêque, Jean-Luc. „Micro-Sensor Mapping of Sudoral Activity and Skin Surface Hydration“. In Handbook of Non-Invasive Methods and the Skin, Second Edition, 811–16. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420003307-108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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Xu, Kunbo, Weiyang Qiao, Fan Tong und Renke Wei. „Radial Mode Analysis of Broadband Noise in Flow Ducts Using Azimuthal Sensor Array“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64524.
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For the evaluation and improvement of fan noise reduction notions and the verification of broadband sound power measurement in flow ducts, special interest was given to the analysis of the broadband noise fields in duct. Two axial sensor arrays were wall-flush mounted upstream of a single-stage axial fan in the circular duct section of the fan inlet, staggered by 180° in the circumferential direction. During the tests, the rotating drum was rotated by step of 6 degrees to give a total 840 measurement points. There are two static reference microphones mounted upstream of rotating measurement section. Time-series of 12 seconds duration were recorded at each of the 30 azimuthal positions of the rotating duct in order to allow for a statistically accurate cross-correlation data analysis. This method is able to discriminate the sound waves propagating in upstream and downstream directions. Special attention was given to the blade passing frequencies of the axial fan. Rotor-stator interaction mode dominates the incident sound field, while modes with low azimuthal order play an important role in the reflected sound field. The reflected broadband sound power is almost 10dB lower than the transmitted sound field in a broad-frequency range. On the whole, this method behaves robustly in decomposition of broadband noise in flow duct and delivers physically meaningful broadband mode amplitudes.
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Park, Y. G., H. S. Yoon und M. Y. Ha. „Flow Characteristics of Freely Rotating Rectangular Cylinders With Different Width to Height Ratios“. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-08002.
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The present study numerically investigates flow past freely rotating rectangular cylinders with different width to height ratios. The immersed boundary method (IBM) to model the rectangular cylinder based on the finite volume method is used to study a two-dimensional (2-D) laminar fluid flow for different Reynolds numbers of 50, 100, and 150 in the range of 0.2 ≤ W/H ≤ 1.0, where W/H is the width to height ratio. There are three different regimes of motion. The first one is the periodic oscillation regime. The second one is rotation with reversal of direction regime. The last one is the rotation with one direction regime. All the cases are periodic oscillation regime except the cases of Re = 100 and 150 with W/H = 1.0. For Re = 100 and 150 with W/H = 1.0, the regimes are the rotation with reversal of direction regime and the rotation with one direction regime, respectively. The Strouhal number decreases with increasing the width to height ratio for Re = 50, 100 and 150. However, for Re = 100 and 150, the Strouhal number disappears at a width to height ratio of 1.0. The present study reports the detailed information of flow structure on the cylinder surface at different width to height ratio.
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Baranyi, La´szlo´, Betti Bollo´ und La´szlo´ Daro´czy. „Simulation of Low-Reynolds Number Flow Around an Oscillated Cylinder Using Two Computational Methods“. In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57554.
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The two-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder oscillated in-line and transverse to the main stream at low Reynolds numbers is investigated numerically using a 2D in-house code (Baranyi, 2008) based on a finite difference solution (FDM). A second CFD approach, the commercial software FLUENT based on the finite volume method (FVM), uses equivalent oscillatory flow to perform computations for the same conditions. Here we investigate the Reynolds numbers of Re=100, 120, 140 and 160 using two computational domains characterized by R2/R1 = 60 and 360. Computations are carried out at two frequency ratios of f/St0 = 0.8 and 0.9 for different oscillation amplitude values in the lock-in domain. Both methods analyze flow properties such as drag, lift and mechanical energy transfer between the fluid and the cylinder for both transverse and in-line cylinder motions. Computational results obtained using the two methods for both type of cylinder motions agree well.
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ATKINS, H. „Analysis of a second-order-accurate finite-volume method for temporally-growing compressible shear layers“. In 20th Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1809.
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Sakami, M. „ANALYSIS OF RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN ENCLOSURES OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY USING THE DISCRETE ORDINATES METHOD“. In Radiative Transfer II. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Radiation Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1997.intsymliqtwophaseflowtranspphenchtradtransfproc.180.
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Richter, Kai. „The AUTOSAR Timing Model – Status and Challenges –“. In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (isola 2006). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isola.2006.59.
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Li, Limin, Guoxiang Zhang und Jianqing Jiang. „Rut Prediction Method Based on Coupling Action of Vehicle and Pavement“. In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)182.
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Jiang, Jianqing, und Guolin Yang. „Strength Parameters of Red Sandstone Granular Soil Based on Three-Dimensional Limit Equilibrium Method“. In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)140.
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Wang, Lihua, Qiyuan Pen und Zhanjun Zhang. „A Network Method of Synthetic Optimization of Car Flow Route and Train Formation Plan“. In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)170.
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Ye, Ming. „Novel Field–Bus Real-Time Network Scheduling Method“. In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.485.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "180 seconds method"
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou und Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.
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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, Erik Bikelman, Bailey Egan, Diana Clarke, Debbie Gibson, Barbara Casanova und Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.
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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.