Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „1775-1861“

The information on the hermit crab diversity on the northern shore of the Gulf of Aden is very limited and almost completely unknown. This study aims to record the hermit crab species in different habitats in Aden coasts at Gulf of Aden. The specimens were collected from 7 sites, by hand, and snorkelling up to 3 m depth, during the period time October 2020- October 2022. In this study, 10 hermit crab species were recorded belonging to 3 families (Coenobitidae, Diogenidae, Parapaguridae) belonging to 6 genera. One of these species represents the first records in the Gulf of Aden (Dardanus lagopodes (Forskål, 1775)). The dominant hermit crab on sandy shores was Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775), while the dominant hermit crab in rocky shores was Clibanarius signatus Heller, 1861.

Nine species of Lepidoptera from the territory of Omsk and Novosibirsk Regions are reported. Four species are new to Omsk Region, among them, Panchrysia ornata (Bremer, 1864), Sympistis campicola Lederer, 1853, Pseudohadena argyllostigma (Varga & Ronkay, 1991), Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius, 1775). Six species are new to Novosibirsk region, among them Eupithecia carpophillata Staudinger, 1897, Idaea nitidata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1861), Sympistis campicola Lederer, 1853, Sidemia spilogramma (Rambur, 1871), Polia malchani (Draudt, 1934), Sideridis lampra Schawerda, 1913.

El eminente polígrafo español Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1856-1912) mostró gran interés por la obra del doctoral de la catedral de Canarias Graciliano Afonso (1775-1861), fundamentalmente en su vertiente de traductor como lo demuestra la correspondencia que aparece recogida en su Epistolario y que fue publicada entre 1985 y 1991. Un rastreo por las páginas de su voluminoso epistolario nos da una idea de cómo el investigador logró hacer acopio de una documentación tan vasta no sólo de la obra del doctoral, sino de otros autores canarios.

Military service was the vehicle by which American soldiers from the War of Independence through the Civil War demonstrated and defined their beliefs about the nature of American republicanism and how they, as citizens and soldiers, were participants in the republican experiment. This military ethos of republicanism, an ideology that was both derivative and representative of the larger body of American political beliefs and culture, illustrates American soldiers’ faith in an inseparable connection between bearing arms on behalf of the United States and holding citizenship in it. Patterns of thought and behavior within the ethos were not exclusively military traits, but were characteristic of the larger patterns within American political culture.

Abstract The paper presents new records of the following six very rare or scarcely recorded species of short-tongued bees of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 in Poland: A. (Simandrena) congruens Schmiedeknecht, 1883; A. (Taeniandrena) lathyri Alfken, 1899; A. (Simandrena) lepida Schenck, 1861; A. (Poliandrena) polita Smith, 1847; A. (Suandrena) suerinensis Friese, 1884 and A. (Poliandrena) tarsata Nylander, 1848. This is the second contribution concerning the rare species of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 in Poland. The studies were based on museum collections as well as the author’s own collections. During the research, approximately 21,000 specimens of mining bees of the genus Andrena from Poland were identified representing ninety-five taxa. The species discussed in the paper are known from just a few records in the country. The following information is provided for each species: short diagnosis, remarks on general distribution, bionomics, published records from Poland and confirmed Polish records based on studied collections. The text is accompanied by SEM micrographs showing diagnostic characters and distribution maps.

Distribution data are presented for several species of weevils (Coleoptera: Brentidae, Curculionidae) from Hungary. Ceutorhynchus viridanus Gyllenhal, 1837, Miarus ursinus Abeille de Perrin, 1906, Otiorhynchus ovalipennis Boheman, 1842, Otiorhynchus ropotamus Angelov, 1974, and Pachyrhinus lethierryi (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) are first recorded from the country. Additionally, recent, unpublished Hungarian records of Alcidodes karelinii (Boheman, 1844), Ceratapion armatum (Gerstaecker, 1854), Curculio gyongyiae Szénási, 2022, Gronops lunatus (Fabricius, 1775), Herpes porcellus (Lacordaire, 1863), Hypera libanotidis (Reitter, 1896), Loborhynchapion amethystinum (Miller, 1857), Otiorhynchus coarctatus Stierlin, 1861, Otiorhynchus juglandis Apfelbeck, 1895, Otiorhynchus lutosus Stierlin, 1858, Otiorhynchus roubali Penecke, 1931, Otiorhynchus winkleri F. Solari, 1937 and Polydrusus crinipes Germann, 2018 are presented.

The perception of American history within a paradigm of alternating cycles of conservative and liberal waves is being proved as valid for political prognoses, as it has been widely accepted in academic research since A. Schlesinger Jr.’s book “The Cycles of American History”. Accordingly, there are now identified eight political cycles 30-33 years long each. Though towards the end of the XX century American analysts introduced and started promoting a concept of 80 year-long macro cycles. Within this pattern the US since their emergence have experienced three macro cycles entering at present into the fourth. The transition has been marked by severe crises and turmoil in American society with implications comparable to those of the War for Independence (1775-1783), Civil War (1861-1865) and American involvement in World War II.

En petits nombres, tout d’abord pendant la Révolution américaine (1775-1781) et à la suite de l’Insurrection de 1837-1838 au Bas-Canada, mais surtout par milliers entre la Guerre de Sécession américaine (1861-1865) et la Grande Dépression des années 1930, des Québécois à la recherche d’une meilleure vie s’établissent en Nouvelle-Angleterre. De nos jours, leurs descendants, les Franco-Américains, se chiffrent à plus de trois millions, soit presque la moitié de la population actuelle du Québec. En vue de sauvegarder et de promouvoir avec plus ou moins de succès la langue française et la culture franco-américaine, tout en s’intégrant à la vie étatsunienne, on fonde des institutions de tout genre. Professeure émérite de français, auteure, traductrice, présidente de la Fédération féminine franco-américaine et directrice fondatrice de l’Institut français d’Assumption College, Claire Quintal figure parmi ces personnages dynamiques à qui l’on doit ce miracle qu’est la minorité francophone toujours en existence en Nouvelle-Angleterre aujourd’hui.

Las labores de rastreo bibliográfico llevadas a cabo en el proyecto de investigación Percepción de la diversidad lingüística en materiales de enseñanza del español, publicados en Cataluña en el siglo XIX (PID2019-104659GB-I00) han permitido descubrir una edición príncipe de El auxiliar del maestro catalán (1872) de Salvador Genís i Bech (1841-1919) de la que no se tenía constancia hasta la fecha, pues no aparece documentada en los dos repertorios bibliográficos más importantes para el siglo XIX, la Història de la lingüística catalana 1775-1900. Repertori crític (1998) de Marcet & Solà, por un lado, y la Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística, la gramática y la lexicografía del español (BICRES V). Desde el año 1861 hasta el año 1899 (2015), coordinado por Esparza & Niederehe, por el otro. Se trata de la Primera Parte de la primera edición de este manual destinada a la enseñanza oral de la lengua castellana, como reza en la propia portada, y publicada en el año 1872. Con esta edición se recupera un eslabón perdido en la reconstrucción de la serie textual de El auxiliar del maestro catalán (1869-1925).

The Diptera genus-group names of Camillo Rondani are reviewed and annotated. A total of 601 nomenclaturally available genus-group names in 82 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically. For each name the following are given: author, year and page of original publication, originally included species [and first included species if none were originally included], type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. In addition, an index is provided to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Rondani (1,236, of which 1,183 are available) with bibliographic reference to each original citation. Appended to this study is a full bibliography of Rondani’s works and a list with explanations for all new synonymies arising from revised emendations. Corrected or clarified type-species and/or corrected or clarified type-species designations are given for the following genus-group names: Anoplomerus Rondani, 1856 [Dolichopodidae]; Biomya Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Bremia Rondani, 1861 [Cecidomyiidae]; Deximorpha Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Elasmocera Rondani, 1845 [Asilidae]; Enteromyza Rondani, 1857 [Oestridae]; Exogaster Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Istocheta Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Istoglossa Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Lejogaster Rondani, 1857 [Syrphidae]; Lignodesia Rondani, 1868 [Phaeomyiidae]; Medorilla Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Meroplius Rondani, 1874 [Sepsidae]; Nodicornis Rondani, 1843 [Dolichopodidae]; Omalostoma Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Opegiocera Rondani, 1845 [Asilidae]; Petagnia Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Phaniosoma Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Proboscina Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Pyragrura Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]; Stemonocera Rondani, 1870 [Tephritidae]; Telejoneura Rondani, 1863 [Asilidae]; Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]. The following genus-group names previously treated as available were found to be unavailable: Bombyliosoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Bombyliidae]; Bombylosoma Marschall, 1873, n. stat. [Bombyliidae]; Brachynevra Agassiz, 1846, n. stat. [Cecidomyiidae]; Calliprobola Rondani, 1856, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Camponeura Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Chlorosoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Engyzops Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Calliphoridae]; Exodonta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Histochaeta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Histoglossa Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Homalostoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Hoplacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Hoplodonta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Liota Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Lomatacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Machaera Mik, 1890, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Machaira Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Myiatropa Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Oplacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]. Previous First Reviser actions for multiple original spellings missed by previous authors include: Genus-group names—Achanthipodus Rondani, 1856 [Dolichopodidae]; Argyrospila Rondani, 1856 [Bombyliidae]; Botria Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Chetoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Chrysoclamys Rondani, 1856 [Syrphidae]; Cyrtophloeba Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Istocheta Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Macherea Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Macronychia Rondani, 1859 [Sarcophagidae]; Pachylomera Rondani, 1856 [Psilidae]; Peratochetus Rondani, 1856 [Clusiidae]; Phytophaga Rondani, 1840 [Cecidomyiidae]; Spylosia Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Thlipsogaster Rondani, 1863 [Bombyliidae]; Tricogena Rondani, 1856 [Rhinophoridae]; Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Viviania Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]. Species-group name—Sphixapata albifrons Rondani, 1859 [Sarcophagidae]. Acting as First Reviser, the following correct original spellings for multiple original spellings are selected by us: Bellardia Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Chetoptilia Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Chetylia Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]; Clytiomyia Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Cryptopalpus Rondani, 1850 [Tachinidae]; Diatomineura Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Enteromyza Rondani, 1857 [Oestridae]; Esenbeckia Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Hammomyia Rondani, 1877 [Anthomyiidae]; Hydrothaea Rondani, 1856 [Muscidae]; Hyrmophlaeba Rondani, 1863 [Nemestrinidae]; Limnomya Rondani, 1861 [Limoniidae]; Lyoneura Rondani, 1856 [Psychodidae]; Micetoica Rondani, 1861 [Anisopodidae]; Miennis Rondani, 1869 [Ulidiidae]; Mycetomiza Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Mycosia Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Mycozetaea Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Piotepalpus Rondani, 1856 [Mycetophilidae]; Prothechus Rondani, 1856 [Pipunculidae]; Spyloptera Rondani, 1856 [Limoniidae]; Teremya Rondani, 1875 [Lonchaeidae]; Thricogena Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Trichopalpus Rondani, 1856 [Scathophagidae]; Trichopeza Rondani, 1856 [Brachystomatidae]; Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 [Muscidae]; Triphleba Rondani, 1856 [Phoridae]; Xiloteja Rondani, 1863 [Syrphidae]. The following names are new synonymies of their respective senior synonyms: Genus-group names—Acanthipodus Bigot, 1890 of Poecilobothrus Mik, 1878, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Acanthiptera Rondani, 1877 of Achanthiptera Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Achantiptera Schiner, 1864 of Achanthiptera Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Acydia Rondani, 1870 of Acidia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Acyura Rondani, 1863 of Aciura Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Agaromyia Marschall, 1873 of Agaromya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Ammomyia Mik, 1883 of Leucophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Anomoja Rondani, 1871 of Anomoia Walker, 1835, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Anthracomyia Rondani, 1868 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Antracomya Lioy, 1864 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Anthoeca Bezzi, 1906 of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Antomyza Rondani, 1866 of Anthomyza Fallén, 1810, n. syn. [Anthomyzidae]; Antracia Rondani, 1862 of Nyctia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Aporomyia Schiner, 1861 of Lypha Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Asphondilia Rondani, 1861 of Asphondylia Loew, 1850, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Asteja Rondani, 1856 of Asteia Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Asteiidae]; Astenia Rondani, 1856 of Blepharicera Macquart, 1843, n. syn. [Blephariceridae]; Astilium Costa, 1866 of Senobasis Macquart, 1838, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Ateleneura Agassiz, 1846 of Atelenevra Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Pipunculidae]; Athomogaster Rondani, 1866 of Azelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Axista Rondani, 1856 of Axysta Haliday, 1839, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Bigonichaeta Schiner, 1864 of Triarthria Stephens, 1829, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Billea Rondani, 1862 of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Biomyia Schiner, 1868 of Biomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Bombilius Dufour, 1833 of Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Bombylosoma Loew, 1862 of Bombylisoma Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Brachipalpus Rondani, 1845 of Brachypalpus Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Brachipalpus Rondani, 1863 of Palpibracus Rondani, 1863, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Brachistoma Rondani, 1856 of Brachystoma Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Brachystomatidae]; Brachychaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Brachicheta Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Brachyglossum Bigot, 1858 of Leopoldius Rondani, 1843, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Brachyneura Oken, 1844 of Brachineura Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Caelomya Rondani, 1866 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Caelomyia Rondani, 1877 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Caenosia Westwood, 1840 of Coenosia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Campilomiza Rondani, 1840 of Campylomyza Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Campylochaeta Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Caricoea Rondani, 1856 of Coenosia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Carpomyia Loew, 1862 of Carpomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Cassidemya Rondani, 1861 of Cassidaemyia Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Ceratoxia Costa, 1866 of Otites Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Ceratoxys Rondani, 1861 of Otites Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Chaetogena Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Chetogena Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chamemyia Rondani, 1875 of Chamaemyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Chamaemyiidae]; Chaetoptilia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Chetoptilia Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chatolyga Bigot, 1892 of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chersodromya Rondani, 1856 of Chersodromia Haliday, 1851, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Chetilya Rondani, 1861 of Chetina Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chilopogon Bezzi, 1902 of Dasypogon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Chiromya Agassiz, 1846 of Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Chyromyidae]; Chlorisoma Rondani, 1861 of Microchrysa Loew, 1855, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Chorthophila Rondani, 1856 of Phorbia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Chortofila Rondani, 1843 of Phorbia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Chriorhyna Rondani, 1845 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrisogaster Rondani, 1868 of Chrysogaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chryorhina Rondani, 1856 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chryorhyna Rondani, 1857 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrysoclamys Rondani, 1856 of Ferdinandea Rondani, 1844, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrysomya Rondani, 1856 of Microchrysa Loew, 1855, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Chrysopila Rondani, 1844 of Chrysopilus Macquart, 1826, n. syn. [Rhagionidae]; Chyrosia Rondani, 1866 of Chirosia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Clytiomyia Rondani, 1862 of Clytiomya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Conopoejus Bigot, 1892 of Conops Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Criorhyna Rondani, 1865 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Criptopalpus Rondani, 1863 of Cryptopalpus Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Crysogaster Rondani, 1865 of Chrysogaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Crysops Rondani, 1844 of Chrysops Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Cyrthoneura Rondani, 1863 of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Cyrthoplaeba Rondani, 1857 of Cyrtophloeba Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Cyrthosia Rondani, 1863 of Cyrtosia Perris, 1839, n. syn. [Mythicomyiidae]; Cystogaster Walker, 1856 of Cistogaster Latreille, 1829, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Cyterea Rondani, 1856 of Cytherea Fabricius, 1794, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Dactyliscus Bigot, 1857 of Habropogon Loew, 1847, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Dasiphora Rondani, 1856 of Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Dasipogon Dufour, 1833 of Dasypogon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Dasyneura Oken, 1844 of Dasineura Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Dexiomorpha Mik, 1887 of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Dichaetophora Becker, 1905 of Dichetophora Rondani, 1868, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Dicheta Rondani, 1856 of Dichaeta Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Dictia Rondani, 1856 of Dictya Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Dionea Rondani, 1861 of Dionaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ditricha Rondani, 1871 of Dithryca Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Dolicopeza Rondani, 1856 of Dolichopeza Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Doricera Rondani, 1856 of Dorycera Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Drimeia Rondani, 1877 of Drymeia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Drimeja Rondani, 1856 of Drymeia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Driomyza Rondani, 1844 of Dryomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Driope Rondani, 1868 of Dryope Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Dryomiza Rondani, 1869 of Dryomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Dynera Rondani, 1861 of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Dytricha Rondani, 1870 of Dithryca Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Elachysoma Rye, 1881 of Elachisoma Rondani, 1880, n. syn. [Sphaeroceridae]; Elaeophila Marschall, 1873 of Eloeophila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Emerodromya Rondani, 1856 of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Engyzops Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Eggisops Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Entomybia Rondani, 1879 of Braula Nitzsch, 1818, n. syn. [Braulidae]; Epidesmya Rondani, 1861 of Acidia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Erinnia Rondani, 1856 of Erynnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Eristalomyia Kittel & Kreichbaumer, 1872 of Eristalomya Rondani, 1857, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Esteria Rondani, 1862 of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Exatoma Rondani, 1856 of Hexatoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Exochila Mik, 1885 of Hammerschmidtia Schummel, 1834, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Fisceria Rondani, 1856 of Fischeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gedia Rondani, 1856 of Gaedia Meigen, 1838, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gimnocheta Rondani, 1859 of Gymnocheta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gimnosoma Rondani, 1862 of Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gonirhinchus Lioy, 1864 of Myopa Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Gonirhynchus Marschall, 1873 of Myopa Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Gononeura Oldenberg, 1904 of Gonioneura Rondani, 1880, n. syn. [Sphaeroceridae]; Graphomia Rondani, 1862 of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Gymnopha Rondani, 1856 of Mosillus Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Hammobates Rondani, 1857 of Tachytrechus Haliday, 1851, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Harrysia Rondani, 1865 of Lydina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hemathobia Rondani, 1862 of Haematobia Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Hemerodromya Rondani, 1856 of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Heryngia Rondani, 1857 of Heringia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Hidropota Lioy, 1864 of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Hipostena Rondani, 1861 of Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hirmophloeba Marschall, 1873 of Hyrmophlaeba Rondani, 1863, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Histricia Rondani, 1863 of Hystricia Macquart, 1843, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hoemotobia Rondani, 1856 of Haematobia Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Homalomya Rondani, 1866 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Homalostoma Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hoplisa Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Oplisa Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Hydrothaea Rondani, 1856 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Hylara Rondani, 1856 of Hilara Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Hyrmoneura Rondani, 1863 of Hirmoneura Meigen, 1820, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Ilisomyia Osten Sacken, 1869 of Ormosia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Istochaeta Marschall, 1873 of Istocheta Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lamnea Rondani, 1861 of Erioptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Lasiophthicus Rondani, 1856 of Scaeva Fabricius, 1805, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Lestremya Rondani, 1856 of Lestremia Macquart, 1826, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Lidella De Galdo, 1856 of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lomacantha Lioy, 1864 of Lomachantha Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lomachanta Schiner, 1864 of Lomachantha Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Loncoptera Rondani, 1856 of Lonchoptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Lonchopteridae]; Lymnophora Blanchard, 1845 of Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Macherium Rondani, 1856 of Machaerium Haliday, 1832, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Macrochaetum Bezzi, 1894 of Elachiptera Macquart, 1825, n. syn. [Chloropidae]; Macrochoetum Bezzi, 1892 of Elachiptera Macquart, 1825, n. syn. [Chloropidae]; Macroneura Rondani, 1856 of Diadocidia Ruthe, 1831, n. syn. [Diadocidiidae]; Marshamya Rondani, 1850 of Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Marsilia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Megachetum Rondani, 1856 of Dasyna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Psilidae]; Megaloglossa Bezzi, 1907 of Platystoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Platystomatidae]; Megera Rondani, 1859 of Senotainia Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Melanomyia Rondani, 1868 of Melanomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Melizoneura Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Melisoneura Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Mesomelaena Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Mesomelena Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Micetina Rondani, 1861 of Mycetophila Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Micetobia Rondani, 1861 of Mycetobia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Anisopodidae]; Micromyia Oken, 1844 of Micromya Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Miennis Rondani, 1869 of Myennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Miopina Rondani, 1866 of Myopina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Morjnia Rondani, 1862 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Morphomyia Rondani, 1862 of Stomina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myatropa Rondani, 1857 of Myathropa Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Mycetomiza Rondani, 1861 of Mycosia Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Myiantha Rondani, 1877 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Myiathropa Rondani, 1868 of Myathropa Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Myiocera Rondani, 1868 of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myiolepta Rondani, 1868 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Myiospila Rondani, 1868 of Myospila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Myltogramma Rondani, 1868 of Miltogramma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Myntho Rondani, 1845 of Mintho Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myospyla Rondani, 1862 of Myospila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Napoea Rondani, 1856 of Parydra Stenhammar, 1844, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Neera Rondani, 1861 of Neaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Nemestrina Blanchard, 1845 of Nemestrinus Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Nemorea Macquart, 1834 of Nemoraea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Nevrolyga Agassiz, 1846 of Neurolyga Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Nictia Rondani, 1862 of Nyctia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Noteromyia Marschall, 1873 of Camilla Haliday, 1838, n. syn. [Camillidae]; Ociptera Rondani, 1862 of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Onodonta Rondani, 1866 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Opegiocera Rondani, 1845 of Ancylorhynchus Berthold, 1827, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Ophira Rondani, 1844 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Ornithoeca Kirby, 1880 of Ornithoica Rondani, 1878, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Ornithomyia Macquart, 1835 of Ornithomya Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Orthochile Blanchard, 1845 of Ortochile Latreille, 1809, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Oxicera Rondani, 1856 of Oxycera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Oxina Rondani, 1856 of Oxyna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Ozyrhinchus Rondani, 1861 of Ozirhincus Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Oxyrhyncus Rondani, 1856 of Ozirhincus Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Pachigaster Rondani, 1856 of Pachygaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Pachimeria Rondani, 1856 of Pachymeria Stephens, 1829, n. syn. [Empididae]; Pachipalpus Rondani, 1856 of Cordyla Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Pachirhyna Rondani, 1845 of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Pachirina Rondani, 1840 of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Pachistomus Rondani, 1856 of Xylophagus Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Xylophagidae]; Pangonia Macquart, 1834 of Pangonius Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Pentetria Rondani, 1856 of Penthetria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bibionidae]; Perichaeta Herting, 1984 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Perichoeta Bezzi, 1894 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phalacromyia Costa, 1866 of Copestylum Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Phicodromia Rondani, 1866 of Malacomyia Westwood, 1840, n. syn. [Coelopidae]; Phillophaga Lioy, 1864 of Asphondylia Loew, 1850, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phito Rondani, 1861 of Phyto Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Phitomyptera Lioy, 1864 of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phitophaga Lioy, 1864 of Cecidomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phloebotomus Rondani, 1856 of Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté, 1840, n. syn. [Psychodidae]; Phorichaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phrino Rondani, 1861 of Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phrixe Rondani, 1862 of Phryxe Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phthyria Rondani, 1856 of Phthiria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Phtyria Rondani, 1863 of Phthiria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Phyllodromya Rondani, 1856 of Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837, n. syn. [Empididae]; Phytofaga Rondani, 1843 of Cecidomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phytomyzoptera Bezzi, 1906 of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Platiparea Rondani, 1870 of Platyparea Loew, 1862, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Platistoma Lioy, 1864 of Platystoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Platystomatidae]; Platychyra Rondani, 1859 of Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Platynochetus Rondani, 1845 of Platynochaetus Wiedemann, 1830, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Polychaeta Schiner, 1868 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Polycheta Schiner, 1861 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Porrhocondyla Agassiz, 1846 of Porricondyla Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Porrycondyla Walker, 1874 of Porricondyla Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Prosopaea Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Prosopea Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Psicoda Rondani, 1840 of Psychoda Latreille, 1797, n. syn. [Psychodidae]; Psylopus Rondani, 1850 of Sciapus Zeller, 1842, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Pteropectria Rondani, 1869 of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Pterospylus Bigot, 1857 of Syneches Walker, 1852, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Pticoptera Rondani, 1856 of Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Ptychopteridae]; Ptilocheta Rondani, 1857 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptilochoeta Bezzi, 1894 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptylocera Rondani, 1861 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptylops Rondani, 1859 of Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Pyragrura Rondani, 1861 of Labigastera Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Pyrrhosia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ragio Scopoli, 1777 of Rhagio Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Rhagionidae]; Raimondia Rondani, 1879 of Raymondia Frauenfeld, 1855, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Ramphina Rondani, 1856 of Rhamphina Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ramphomya Rondani, 1845 of Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Raphium Latreille, 1829 of Rhaphium Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Rhynchomyia Macquart, 1835 of Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Rhyncosia Rondani, 1861 of Aphria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Rhynophora Rondani, 1861 of Rhinophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Riphus Rondani, 1845 of Rhyphus Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Anisopodidae]; Ripidia Rondani, 1856 of Rhipidia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Sarcopaga Rondani, 1856 of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Scatomiza Rondani, 1866 of Scathophaga Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Scathophagidae]; Schaenomyza Rondani, 1866 of Schoenomyza Haliday, 1833, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Sciomiza Rondani, 1856 of Sciomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Sciopila Rondani, 1856 of Sciophila Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Serromya Rondani, 1856 of Serromyia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Ceratopogonidae]; Seseromyia Costa, 1866 of Cosmina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Sibistroma Rondani, 1856 of Sybistroma Meigen, 1824, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Simplecta Rondani, 1856 of Symplecta Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Sinapha Rondani, 1856 of Synapha Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Siritta Rondani, 1844 of Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Somatolia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Lydina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Somomia Rondani, 1862 of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Somomyia Rondani, 1868 of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Sphixaea Rondani, 1856 of Milesia Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Sphyxaea Rondani, 1856 of Milesia Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Sphyxapata Bigot, 1881 of Senotainia Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Sphyximorpha Rondani, 1856 of Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spilomya Rondani, 1857 of Spilomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spiximorpha Rondani, 1857 of Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spixosoma Rondani, 1857 of Conops Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Spylographa Rondani, 1871 of Trypeta Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Stenopterix Millet de la Turtaudière, 1849 of Craterina Olfers, 1816, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Stomorhyna Rondani, 1862 of Stomorhina Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Stomoxis Latreille, 1797 of Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Syphona Rondani, 1844 of Siphona Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Tachidromya Rondani, 1856 of Tachydromia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Tachipeza Rondani, 1856 of Tachypeza Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Tanipeza Rondani, 1850 of Tanypeza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Tanypezidae]; Teicomyza Rondani, 1856 of Teichomyza Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Telaira Rondani, 1862 of Thelaira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Teremya Rondani, 1875 of Lonchaea Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Lonchaeidae]; Thecomya Rondani, 1848 of Thecomyia Perty, 1833, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Thlypsigaster Marschall, 1873 of Amictus Wiedemann, 1817, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Thlypsomyza Rondani, 1863 of Amictus Wiedemann, 1817, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Thrichogena Bezzi, 1894 of Loewia Egger, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Thricogena Rondani, 1859 of Loewia Egger, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Thricophticus Rondani, 1866 of Thricops Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Thriptocheta Lioy, 1864 of Campichoeta Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Diastatidae]; Thryptochoeta Bezzi, 1891 of Campichoeta Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Diastatidae]; Thyreodonta Marschall, 1873 of Stratiomys Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Toxopora Rondani, 1856 of Toxophora Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Tricholiga Rondani, 1873 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Trichophticus Rondani, 1871 of Thricops Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Tricocera Rondani, 1856 of Trichocera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Trichoceridae]; Tricolyga Schiner, 1861 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Trigliphus Rondani, 1856 of Triglyphus Loew, 1840, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Tripeta Rondani, 1856 of Trypeta Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Triphera Rondani, 1861 of Tryphera Meigen, 1838, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Triptocera Lioy, 1864 of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Tryptocera Macquart, 1844 of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Uromya Rondani, 1856 of Phania Meigen, 1824, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Winthemya Rondani, 1859 of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Xiloteja Rondani, 1863 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Xylomyia Marschall, 1873 of Xylomya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Xylomyidae]; Xyloteja Rondani, 1856 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Xyphidicera Rondani, 1845 of Xiphidicera Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Xyphocera Rondani, 1845 of Ancylorhynchus Berthold, 1827, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Zigoneura Rondani, 1840 of Zygoneura Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Sciaridae]; Zophomya Rondani, 1859 of Zophomyia Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Tachinidae]. Species-group name—Psalida leucostoma Rondani, 1856 of Ocyptera simplex Fallén, 1815, n. syn. [Tachinidae]. Mycosia Rondani, 1861 is treated here as nomen dubium [Mycetophilidae]; Habropogon heteroneurus Timon-David, 1951 is resurrected from junior synonymy with Asilus striatus Fabricius, 1794, new stat. [Asilidae]. Reversal of precedence is invoked for three cases of subjective synonymy to promote stability in nomenclature: Macquartia monticola Egger, 1856, nomen protectum and Proboscina longipes Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Tachinidae]; Loewia Egger, 1856, nomen protectum and Thrychogena Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Tachinidae]; Zygomyia Winnertz, 1863, nomen protectum and Bolithomyza Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Mycetophilidae].

Central and southern Iraq in the area adjacent to and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as Mesopotamian plain. The Mesopotamian plain is a geological depression filled with rivers sediments which covers the central and southern part of Iraq. It is plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, beings north of Baghdad and extends to southern Iraq, bordered by High Mountain in the east, desert from the west, and Persian Gulf from the south. An area of diverse physical features leading to rich biodiversity. An investigation of the status of snakes in central and southern Iraq was carried out from September 2013 to May 2015. A total of 138 specimens were collected and identified. Five families, 13 genera, and 17 species are represented, including Lyptotyphlopidae: Lyptotyphlops macrorhyncha (Jan, 1861); Boidae: Eryx jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758), Eryx jaculus familiaris Eichwald, 1831, Eryx cf. miliaris (Pallas, 1773); Lamprophiidae: Psammophis schokari (Forsskål, 1775), Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827), Rhagerhis moilensis (Reuss, 1834); Colubridae: Dolichophis cf. caspius (Gmelin, 1789), Dolichophis jugularis (Linnaeus 1785), Dolichophis cf. schmidti (Nikolsky, 1909), Spalerosophis diadema cliffordi (Schlegel, 1837), Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834), Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768); and Viperidae: Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi K. Schmidt, 1930, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerastes gasperettii gasperettii Leviton et Anderson, 1967, and Echis carinatus Stemmler, 1969. According to the literature, 41 species of snakes were found in Iraq and according to the results of this survey 17 species and subspecies (~41%) of them occur in central and southern Iraq. Of these, 10 species are aglypha, 3 species opisthoglypha and 4 species proteroglypha. This study was conducted in 27 sampling localities and these project areas represent typical environment and climate of the central and southern regions of Iraq.

We obtained and phylogenetically analyzed whole genome shotgun sequences of nearly all species from the tribe Emesidini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018 (Riodinidae) and representatives from other Riodinidae tribes. We see that the recently proposed genera Neoapodemia Trujano, 2018 and Plesioarida Trujano & García, 2018 are closely allied with Apodemia C. & R. Felder, [1865] and are better viewed as its subgenera, new status. Overall, Emesis Fabricius, 1807 and Apodemia (even after inclusion of the two subgenera) are so phylogenetically close that several species have been previously swapped between these two genera. New combinations are: Apodemia (Neoapodemia) zela (Butler, 1870), Apodemia (Neoapodemia) ares (Edwards, 1882), and Apodemia (Neoapodemia) arnacis (Stichel, 1928) (not Emesis); and Emesis phyciodoides (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924) (not Apodemia), assigned to each genus by their monophyly in genomic trees with the type species (TS) of the genus. Surprisingly, we find that Emesis emesia Hewitson, 1867 is not grouped with Emesis, but in addition to Apodemia forms a third lineage of similar rank, here named Curvie Grishin, gen. n. (TS: Symmachia emesia Hewitson, 1867). Furthermore, we partition Emesis into 6 subgenera (4 new): Emesis (TS: Hesperia ovidius Fabricius, 1793, a subjective junior synonym of Papilio cereus Linnaeus, 1767), Aphacitis Hübner, [1819] (TS: Papilio dyndima Cramer, [1780], a subjective junior synonym of Papilio lucinda Cramer, [1775]), Poeasia Grishin, subgen. n. (TS: Emesis poeas Godman, [1901]), Mandania Grishin, subgen. n. (TS: Papilio mandana Cramer, [1780]), Brimia Grishin, subgen. n. (TS: Emesis brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889), and Tenedia Grishin, subgen. n. (TS: Emesis tenedia C. & R. Felder, 1861). Next, genomic comparison of primary type specimens suggests new status for Emesis vimena Schaus, 1928 as a subspecies of Emesis brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889, Emesis adelpha Le Cerf, 1958 with E. a. vicaria Le Cerf, 1958 are subspecies of Emesis heteroclita Stichel, 1929, and Emesis tristis Stichel, 1929 is not a synonym of E. brimo vimena but of Emesis lupina Godman & Salvin, 1886. A new status of a species is given to the following taxa: Emesis furor A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872 (not a subspecies of E. mandana (Cramer, 1780)), Emesis melancholica Stichel, 1916 (not a subspecies of E. lupina Godman & Salvin, 1886), Emesis progne (Godman, 1903) (not a subspecies of E. brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889), and Emesis opaca Stichel, 1910 (not a synonym of E. lucinda (Cramer, 1775)). Emesis castigata diringeri Gallard 2008 is a subjective junior synonym of E. opaca, new status. Finally, Xanthosa Grishin, gen. n. (TS: Charmona xanthosa Stichel, 1910) is proposed for a sister lineage of Sertania Callaghan & Kaminski, 2017 and Befrostia Grishin, gen. n. (TS: Emesis elegia Stichel, 1929) is proposed for a clade without apparent phylogenetic affinities that we place in Befrostiini Grishin, trib. n. In conclusion, genomic data reveal a number of errors in the current classification of Emesidini and allow us to confidently reclassify the tribe partitioning it in three genera: Apodemia, Curvie gen. n. and Emesis.

New records are provided for the following species: Aderus populneus (Creutzer, 1796) from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Cyprus; Otolelus flaveolus (Mulsant & Rey, 1866a) from Tessin and Valais (Switzerland), O. neglectus (Jacquelin du Duval, 1863) from Switzerland; O. ruficollis (Rossi, 1794) from Jordan, and Pseudanidorus pentatomus (Thomson, 1864) from Italy. Euglenes oculatus (Paykull, 1798) is excluded from the Italian fauna. The southernmost records for Pseudanidorus pentatomus (Italy, Latium) and Phytobaenus amabilis amabilis R. F. Sahlberg, 1834 (Italy, Calabria) are provided. The following synonymies are established: Xylophilus pruinosus var. testaceus Baudi di Selve, 1877b (not X. testaceus Kolenati, 1846) = Otolelus pruinosus pruinosus (Kiesenwetter, 1861) n. syn.; Xylophilus testaceus var. humeralis Favre, 1890 (not X. humeralis Champion, 1890a) = Otolelus neglectus (Jacquelin du Duval, 1863) n. syn. Escalerosia n. gen. (type species Hylophilus aculithorax Escalera, 1922) is described by validation of Escalerosia Báguena Corella, 1948 [nomen nudum]. Type species are designated for the following genus-group names: Pseudolotelus Pic, 1901 (type species Euglenes punctatissimus Reitter, 1885), Syzeton Blackburn, 1891 (type species Syzeton laetus Blackburn, 1891), and Syzetoninus Blackburn, 1891 (type species Syzetoninus mundus Blackburn, 1891). The following names are established to be unavailable: Carinatophilus Báguena Corella, 1948; Escalerosia yebonensis ab. benzanensis Báguena Corella, 1948; E. severini ab. telluricus Báguena Corella, 1948; E. bicolor var. binigropedes Báguena Corella, 1962; Hylophilus curtipennis var. tauricus Pic, 1917, and H. monstrosipes var. semibrunnescens Pic, 1917. Otolelus Mroczkowski, 1987, established as replacement name for Olotelus Mulsant & Rey, 1866a (not Olotelus Solier, 1851), lacks a type species and is an unavailable name; its authorship is attributed to Klinger (2000), who fixed Xylophilus pruinosus Kiesenwetter, 1861 as type species. Euglenes pygmaeus (DeGeer, 1775) is an incorrect subsequent spelling of pygmeus but is in prevailing usage, thus it is deemed to be a correct original spelling. Notoxus ruficollis Rossi, 1794, currently Otolelus ruficollis (Aderidae), and Notoxus ruficollis Champion, 1890 (Anthicidae) are homonyms but the senior homonym was placed in a separate genus before the junior name was described, so no immediate nomenclatorial action is required. Xylophile Latreille, 1825 is confirmed to be a vernacular unavailable name, whereas Xylophilus Latreille, 1829 (type species Notoxus populneus Creutzer, 1796) is a synonym of Aderus Stephens, 1829 n. syn. Xylophilus Curtis, 1830 (type species Anthicus oculatus Paykull, 1798), is removed from synonymy with Aderus Stephens, 1829 and is established to be an objective synonym of Euglenes Westwood, 1830 n. syn. Xylophilus bimaculatus is confirmed to be only a subsequent incorrect spelling (unavailable name) of X. bisbimaculatus Hampe, 1850. Euglenus, Aglenes, Helophilus, Pseudoloterus, Tokyophilus, Tokiophylus, Xilophilus and Xylophylus are established to be subsequent incorrect spellings (unavailable names) of Euglenes Westwood, 1830, Hylophilus Berthold, 1827, Pseudolotelus Pic, 1901, Tokiophilus Pic, 1921 and Xylophilus Latreille, 1829, respectively. Xylophila Lamarck, 1817 is excluded from the Aderidae; a formal assignment of this genus to a family based on a type species selection has not been done.

Il nome della nota località balneare istriana Rabac (in grafia italianeggiante Rabaz) è attestato già nel 1341 sotto la forma Rabaç, precisamente negli Statuti di Albona [Labin] (cfr. P. Kandler "L'Istria" III, 1848, pp. 14 s.). A questo Rabaç fa riscontro, nel '500, Rabaz, che incontriamo nell'Itinerario Bragadin-Lando-Morosini dell'a. 1554 (ed. M. Bertoša VHARP 17, 1972, p. 41) e nel Catastico di Fabio da Canal dell'a. 1566 (ed. D. Klein, ib. 11-12, 1966-67, pp. 16- bis, 62). Rabaz ricompare in Carlo Donadoni, a. 1719 (P. Kandler Emporio p. 96, in "Miscellanea Conti" 1861-62), in un documento dell'a. 1749 (P. Kandler cit. p. 282), nonché nel Catasto di V. Morosini IV, a. 1775-76 (ed. M. Bratulić, Trieste-Fiume 1980, pp. 349-352). Anche la cartografia veneta di fine '700 attesta la forma Rabaz, così la nota carta dell'Istria Meridionale di Giov. Valle (Venezia 1784). Rabaz ricompare nel Reperto-Bargnani dell'a. 1806' (ed. E. Apih, ACRSR 12, 1981-82, p. 219), nell "' A vviso della Commissione per la vendita dei beni dello Sta to del Litorale", Trieste 15-1-1825 (Archivio di Stato, per gentile informazione del dott. Pierpaolo Dorsi), in Carlo Combi a. 1858-59 (cfr. E. Apih cit. p. 321) ecc. Rammenteremo anche la forma Rabatz (alternante con Rabaz) in R. P. Burton Note sopra i Castellieri (Capodistria 1877) p. 35 e Rabas (nella locuzione Porto Rabas in alcune carte geografiche del 1753 e 1780, Lago-Rossit OH indici), nonché in P. Tedeschi Viaggio fantastico in Oga Magoga, 1863, su cui v. P. Blasi "Voce Giul." 1-6-1984 p. 4). Abbastanza comune anche la locuzione Porto Rabaz, soprattutto nella cartografia istriana a partire dall'a. 1620 fino al 1797 (vedi gli indici in Lago-Rossit cit.): ricorderemo fra queste la Carta Geografka del Coronelli (Venezia 1696) nonché la Carta Santini ("à Venise" ante 1780, cfr. fot. in E. Schwarzenberg Plstr. 44 s. V, f. 8-9, 1980, p. 12); fra i moderni citeremo M. Gerbini Quaderni di Fianona (Trieste 1976) p. 41 e M. Catano, "In Strada Granda" N. 27 (aprile 1986) p. 26 e qualche altro.

Najstarija grafija prezimena Srša u Knjizi krštenih štrigovske župe sv. Marije Magdalene (Szerssa) zabilježena je godine 1685. i održala se sve do sredine 19. stoljeća. Tijekom 17. i 18. stoljeća ta je grafija učestala u selima Borke (od 1685.), Stanetinski Breg (od 1688.) i Stanetinec (od 1690.). Sela Borke, Stanetinec Breg, Stanetinec i Prhovec bila su do sredine druge polovice 17. stoljeća u vlasništvu grofa Petra Zrinskog, nakon čega su zbog neuspjele urote protiv bečkoga dvora zaplijenjena i pripala »kraljevskoj komori«. Pored navedenih sela treba dodati i brdo Pernjak, sa zaplijenjenim velikim vinogradom Zrinskih (»Popovčak«), u kojemu je prezime Srša (Stersza) zabilježeno potkraj 17. stoljeća (1696.). Tijekom 17. i 18. stoljeća pored grafije Szerssa, među zastupljenijim grafijama bile su Sersa i Szersa, najviše u selima Borke, Prhovec, te Serssa u selu Krče. Od 1794. do 1873. u Globoki, a od 1811. do 1873. u Krču je prevladavala grafija Szersha. Grafija Srša počinje se nazirati godine 1850. kad je zabilježena kao Serša (Globoka, Lohovec Breg, Vukanovec Breg), a godine 1854. kao Szerša u Veščici. Pojava grafema š (umjesto s, sh, ss, ß) pedesetih godina 19. stoljeća nedvojbeno je posljedica ujedinjenja Međimurja s Hrvatskom (1849.-1861.). Godine 1846. u Hrvatskoj su već upotrebljavani grafemi: č (umjesto cs, ç i cj), ć (umjesto ch), š (umjesto sh, ss, sc) i ž (umjesto x, ſc, ſcj), te c (umjesto cz, z), s (umjesto ſ) i z (umjesto s). Grafemom s (umjesto sz) u Međimurju se ponegdje pisalo još godine 1900. (Prhovec, Globoka). S druge strane, grafem ß (scharfes S), zabilježen početkom 19. stoljeća, posljedica je pisanja prezimena austrijskog državljanina. Zbog jednokratnog bilježenja nije isključeno da su neke grafije rezultat pogrešnog razumijevanja ili izgovaranja prezimena, što je ostavilo traga i u njihovu pisanju (lapsus calami). Primjeri jednog ili dva bilježenja: Sirsa u Stanetincu (1660.), Szerche također u Stanetincu (1686.), Sserssa u Prhovcu (1686.), Sterssa u selu Borke (1696.) i Szarassa u istom selu (1768.). Iz 17. stoljeća potječu i grafijski oblici Serssa (1693.), Szersa (1695.), Stersza i Sterssa (1696.), te Sersa (1698.). Szersza je po jednom utvrđena u selima Krče (1726.), Trnovčak (1721.) i Ciganjščak (1725.). Grafija Szercha zabilježena je dvaput u Vrbovici (1828. i 1829.) i jednom u mjestu Krče (1859.). Po jednom se također navode i grafije Scherssa i Sherssa u Stanetincu (1792.) i Schirssa u selu Krče (1800.). Po jednom su zabilježene i grafije: Szers u Krču (1775.), Monte Stanentincu (1802.), Štrigovi (1810 i Vrbovici (1817.), te Szerß u Vušivščaku (1801.) i Szersh u Lohovcu (1844.). Godine 1810. u Stanetincu je zabilježena grafija Szerche, kojoj su srodni oblici Szercha i Szersha. Posljednji oblik (Szersha) izrazitije je bio prisutan u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća u naseljima Krče, Globoka i Selščak.

A list of Curculionoidea (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryoph-thoridae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae) thus far known from Italy is drawn up, updating that by Abbazzi et al. published in 1995. Distributional data of each species are given for broad regions such as northern, central, southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. New synonymies are: Acentrotypus laevigatus (Kirby, 1808) (= A. brunnipes (Boheman, 1839), syn.nov.), Ceutorhynchus talickyi Korotyaev, 1980 (= C. strejceki Dieckmann, 1981, syn. nov.), Ceutorhynchus pallipes Crotch,1866 (= Curculio minutus Reich, 1797 not Drury, [1773], syn. nov.; = Curculio contractus Marsham, 1802 not Fourcroy, 1785, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus consentaneus (Boheman, 1843) (= D. c. latialis (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. dimorphus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. pentricus Di Marco & Osella, 2001, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus dalmatinus (Gyllenhal, 1843) (= D. d. lauri (Stierlin, 1861), syn. nov.), Dodecastichus mastix (Olivier, 1807) (= D. m. perlongus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. m. scabrior (Reitter, 1913), syn. nov.), Dorytomus Germar, 1817 (= D. subgen. Chaetodorytomus Iablokov-Khnzorian, 1970, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Euolamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Olamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.), Exapion Bedel, 1887 (= Ulapion Ehret, 1997, syn. nov.), Larinus ursus (Fabricius, 1792) (= L. carinirostris Gyllenhal, 1837, syn. nov.; = L. genei Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.), Lixini Schönherr, 1823 (= Rhinocyllini Lacordaire, 1863, syn. nov.), Metacinops rhinomacer Kraatz, 1862 (= M. calabrus Stierlin, 1892, syn. nov.), Microplontus nigrovittatus (Schultze,1901) (= Ceutorhynchus subfasciatus Chevrolat, 1860 not Schönherr, 1826, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus amicalis cenomanus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. a. lessinicus (Osella, 1983) not O. lessinicus Franz, 1938, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anophthalmoides omeros nom. nov. (= O. a. istriensis (F. Solari, 1955) not Germar, 1824, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anthracinus (Scopoli, 1763) (= O. calabrus Stierlin, 1880, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus armadillo (Rossi, 1792) (= O. halbherri Stierlin, 1890, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus clibbianus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. judicariensis (Osella, 1983) not Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus cornicinus Stierlin, 1861 (= Curculio laevigatus Fabricius, 1792 not Paykull, 1792, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus fortis Rosenhauer, 1847 (= O. fortis valarsae Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus nodosus (O. F. Müller, 1764) (= O. nodosus comosellus Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. nodosus gobanzi Gredler, 1868, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus pupillatus Gyllenhal, 1834 (= O. p. angustipennis Stierlin, 1883, syn. nov.; = O. venetus F. Solari, 1947, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus serradae Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. carinatus (Osella 1983) not (Paykull, 1792), syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus strigirostris Boheman, 1843 (= O. aterrimus : Di Marco & Osella, 2002 not Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. calvus Fiori, 1899, syn. nov.), O. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) (= O. linearis Stierlin, 1861, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus tenebricosus (Herbst, 1784) (= O. olivieri Abbazzi & Osella, 1992, syn. nov.), Phrydiuchus augusti Colonnelli, nom. nov. (= Ceuthorrhynchus speiseri Schultze, 1897 not C. speiseri Frivaldszkyi, 1894, syn. nov.), Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 (= P. m. lucanus Solari & Solari, 1903, syn. nov.), Phyllobius pyri (Linné, 1758) (= P. vespertinus (Fabricius, 1792), syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Chaerodrys Jacquelin du Val, [1854] (= P. subgen. Metadrosus Schilsky, 1910, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eudipnus C. G. Thomson, 1859 (= P. subgen. Chrysoyphis Gozis, 1882, syn. nov.; P. subgen. Thomsoneonymus Desbrochers, 1902, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eurodrusus Korotyaev & Meleshko, 1997 (= P. subgen. Neoeustolus Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999, syn. nov.), Polydrusus armipes Brullé, 1832 (= P. a. faillae Desbrochers, 1859, syn. nov.), Pseudomyllocerus invreae invreae (F. Solari, 1948) (= Curculio cinerascens Fabricius, 1792 not [Gmelin], 1790], syn. nov. ), Zacladus Reitter, 1916 (= Z. subgen. Amurocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Angarocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Gobicladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Scythocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.). New placements are: Amalini Wagner, 1936 as a tribe from synonymy under Ceutorhynchini; Acentrotypus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aizobius Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aspidapion Schilsky, 1901, Catapion Schilsky, 1906, Ceratapion Schilsky, 1901, Cistapion Wagner, 1924,Cyanapion Bokor, 1923, Diplapion Reitter, 1916, Eutrichapion Reitter, 1916, Exapion Bedel, 1887, Helianthemapion Wagner, 1930, Hemitrichapion Voss, 1959, Holotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Ischnopterapion Bokor, 1923, Ixapion Roudier & Tempère,1973, Kalcapion Schilsky, 1906, Lepidapion Schilsky, 1906, Melanapion Wagner, 1930, Mesotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Metapion Schilsky, 1906, Omphalapion Schilsky, 1901, Onychapion Schilsky, 1901, Oryxolaemus AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Osellaeus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Perapion Wagner, 1907, Phrissotrichum Schilsky, 1901, Pirapion Reitter, 1916, Protapion Schilsky, 1908, Pseudapion Schilsky, Pseudoperapion Wagner, 1930, Pseudoprotapion Ehret, 1990, Pseudostenapion Wagner, 1930, Rhodapion AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Squamapion Bokor, 1923, Stenopterapion Bokor, 1923, Synapion Schilsky, 1902, Taeniapion Schilsky, 1906, Trichopterapion Wagner, 1930, all as genera from subgenera of Apion Herbst, 1797; Aspidapion subgen. Koestlinia Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 and Phryssotrichum subgen. Schilskyapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 from synonymy with Apion Herbst, 1797; Phyllobius italicus Solari & Solari, 1903 and Phyllobius reicheidius Desbrochers, 1873, both from subspecies of P. pyri (Linné, 1758); Mogulones aubei (Boheman, 1845) as a valid species from synonymy with M. talbum (Gyllenhal, 1837); Styphlidius italicus Osella, 1981 as species from subspecies of S. corcyreus (Reitter, 1884). Otiorhynchus subgen. Presolanus Pesarini, 2001 is here selected over O. subgen. Pesolanus Pesarini, 2001, alternative original spelling, here rejected. The incorrect original spelling Otiorhynchus nocturnus peetzi Franz, 1938 is emended in O. n. peezi. New combination are: Eremiarhinus (Depresseremiarhinus) dilatatus (Fabricius, 1801), comb. nov.; Eremiarinus (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis (Boheman, 1834) jarrigei (Roudier, 1959); E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis luciae (Ragusa, 1883), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis peninsularis (F. Solari, 1940), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) laesirostris (Fairmaire, 1859), comb. nov., all resulting from the new placement of Depresseremiarhinus Pic, 1914 and of Pseudorhinus Melichar, 1923 as subgenera of Eremiarhinus Fairmaire, 1876. The subfamilial name Phytonominae Gistel, 1848 is used as valid over Hyperinae Marseul, 1863. Nomenclatural changes published from 1992 to date, and affecting Italian weevils are also listed.

The known cicada fauna of Bolivia is identified. Adusella Haupt, 1918 rev. stat. is resurrected and redescribed being elevated from junior synonym status with Odopoea Stål, 1861. Edholmbergi Delétang, 1919 rev. stat, n. syn. is elevated from junior synonymy of Odopoea and synonymized with Adusella rev. stat. Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella signata Haupt, 1918 n. comb., and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are transferred or returned to Adusella rev. stat. Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta obtusa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta tenuistriga Walker 1858c rev. stat. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat. are removed from junior synonymy with Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821). Carineta obtusa rev. stat., n. syn., Carineta tenuistriga rev. stat., n. syn. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat., n. syn. are considered junior synonyms of Carineta bilineosa rev. stat. Carineta limpida Torres 1948a n. syn. is shown to be a junior synonym of Carineta fasciculata. Carineta turbida Jacobi, 1907 is transferred to the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c to become Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. The genera Diceroprocta Stål, 1870, Orialella Metcalf, 1952, Quesada Distant, 1905c, and Nosola Stål, 1866a are assigned to the Guyalnina Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 within the Fidicinini Distant, 1905d. Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp., Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp., Guyalna dasyeia n. sp., Guyalna fasciata n. sp., Guyalna polypaga n. sp., Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp., Carineta ensifera n. sp., Carineta hamata n. sp., Carineta pictilis n. sp., Carineta uncinata n. sp., Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Fidicina christinae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicina ethelae (Goding, 1925), Fidicina robini Boulard & Martinelli 1996, Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides pauliensis Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides sucinalae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Proarna bergi (Distant, 1892a), Proarna grisea (Fabricius, 1775), Proarna guttulosa (Walker, 1858b), Proarna insignis Distant, 1881a, Proarna strigicollis Jacobi, 1907, Guyalna distanti (Goding, 1925) Guyalna glauca (Goding, 1925), Guyalna platyrhina Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850), Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d, Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta cearana Distant, 1906c, Carineta detoulgoueti Champanhet, 2001, Carineta doxiptera Walker, 1858a, Carineta maculosa Torres, 1948a, Carineta pilifera Walker, 1858c, Carineta rufescens (Fabricius, 1803), Carineta tetraspila Jacobi, 1907, and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. are provided. The records for Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb. and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are the first records of the tribe Zammarini Distant, 1905b, subtribe Zammarina Distant, 1905a, and genus Adusella, Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp. is the first record of the genus Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861, Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d is the first record for the genus Majeorona Distant, 1905d, Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp. is the first record of the genus Parnisa Stål, 1862a for Bolivia, specimens in the type series of Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp. represent the first record of the genus Cracenpsaltria Sanborn, 2016c in Ecuador, and the specimens of Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp., and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. and the new combinations to the genus are the first records of the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c for Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru. New records are provided to expand the ranges of Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014 and Carineta gemella to include Paraguay, the range of Dorisiana noriegai Sanborn & Heath, 2014 to include Paraguay and French Guiana, the range of Guyalna platyrhina to include Brazil, and the range of Carineta cearana to include Colombia. Previous records of Proarna bufo Distant, 1905d and Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) are considered to be misidentifications P. bergi (Distant, 1892a) and Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat. so that P. bufo and C. fasciculata are removed from the cicada fauna of Bolivia as is Hemisciera maculipennis (de Laporte, 1832) which is shown to have been mistakenly attributed to Bolivia and Argentina. The non-Bolivian Carineta criqualicae Boulard 1986a, Carineta guianaensis Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta quinimaculata Sanborn, 2011a, and Carineta tigrina Boulard 1986a are reassigned to the genus Herrera to become Herrera criqualicae (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., Herrera guianaensis (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., Herrera quinimaculata (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., and Herrera tigrina (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., respectively. A discussion on the species status of Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) is provided to clarify the taxon along with the new synonymy. The currently known Bolivian cicada fauna is comprised of 83 described species from 21 genera, seven tribes and three subfamilies with the new records and new species presented here increasing the known fauna by 107.5%.

Bu çalışmada, Iğdır ilinden toplanmış Lamiaceae familyasına ait Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Bentham, Salvia verticillata L. subsp. amasiaca (Freyn. & Bornm.) Bornm. ve Salvia nemorosa L. bitkilerinin toprak üstü aksamlarından elde edilen uçucu yağların önemli depolanmış ürün zararlısı olan Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1861 ve Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775)’un ergin dönemlerine karşı fumigant etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen yağlar 25 ± 1 ºC sıcaklık ve % 65 ± 5 orantılı nem koşullarında 5, 10 ve 15 μl/petri dozlarda 3 tekerrür hazırlanmış ve 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatte ölüm oranlarına bakılarak LC50 ve LC90 değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda Salvia türlerinden elde edilen uçucu yağların toksisite seviyeleri böceğin ve bitkinin türüne, uygulanan konsantrasyona ve uygulama sonrası zamana bağlı olarak değişmiş ve en yüksek etkiyi S. hydrangea uçucu yağı göstermiştir.

Abstract. Maulita M, Nugraha E, Suharti R, Tanjung NW, Sayuti M, Mulyono M, Mantani S, Setiarto RHB. 2023. Diversity, carbon stock and associated biota of seagrass beds in Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2080-2087. Various human activities emit carbon dioxide which drives global warming and climate change. Seagrass ecosystems can absorb and store enormous quantities of carbon, hence reducing carbon emissions. This research aimed to assess the diversity, vegetation cover, carbon stock and associated biota of seagrass beds in Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling method was employed with data collection used the line transect quadrant method. Carbon stock was measured using the loss of ignition method. There were four species of seagrass in the studied area, namely Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch., Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf. and Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Boiss. with a density ranging from 23-164 stands/m2. Seagrass cover ranged from 3.87%-34.37%. Associated biota (fish and crustaceans) at each observation station were Siganus javus Linnaeus 1766, Siganus canaliculatus Park 1797, Siganus vermiculatus Valenciennes 1835, Colomesus psittacus Bloch & Schneider 1801, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskål 1775, Terapon jarbua Forsskål 1775, Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier 1828, Cryptocentrus leptocephalus Bleeker 1876, Leiognathus robustus Sparks & Dunlap 2004, Portunus armatus A.Milne-Edwards 1861, Rhinolambrus pelagicus Rüppell 1830 and Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana 1852. The total carbon stock of the top substrate (leaves) was 12.8 tons, while carbon bottom substrate (rhizomes and roots) was 12.9 tons, resulting in a total carbon stock of 25.7 tons. The analysis of water quality parameters indicated that the studied area had suitable environmental conditions for seagrass growth. The results of this study add new information regarding seagrass ecology of the western region of Indonesia, especially Sumatra.