Dissertationen zum Thema „13c rmn“
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Faccione, Milton. „Sintese e RMN-13C de lactonas arildiidronaftalenicas e ariltetraidronaftalenicas“. [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249826.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Schahl, Adrien. „Interactions polysaccharides-lipides : étude théorique et expérimentale combinant calculs de dynamique moléculaire, calculs quantiques de spectres RMN 13C et RMN 13C à l'état solide“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolysaccharide-lipid interactions now form a vast domain of study, of particular interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries. We already know that amylose, an essentially linear polysaccharide composed of [alpha 1→4]-linked glucose moieties, can form helices around small hydrophobic molecules and lipidic chains. These helical structures are called V polymorphs and their study may allow the development of new ways to deliver bioactive compounds, or of new vaccine adjuvants. This type of interaction might also be found in other biological systems, such as in the capsule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indeed, this external layer covering the bacillus is composed mostly of a large branched polysaccharide analogous to amylose, called alpha-glucan, but it also contains numerous lipids, such as phtiocerol dimycocerosates or trehalose dimycolates, known to be virulence factors of the mycobacterium. Demonstration of the existence of such interactions and their study may lead to a better understanding of the capsule and its biological functions. This manuscript describes a study combining theoretical and experimental methods to characterize the interactions amongst amylose complexes formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids and in systems composed of branched polysaccharides. The first part of this work describes two purely theoretical studies on amylose complexed with palmitic acid and on amylose double helices called B polymorphs. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and calculations of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) parameters at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, we were able to define the minimum number of glucose residues needed to former a stable V polymorph around a palmitic acid molecule. We could also show that the number of residues has a direct impact on the calculation of NMR parameters and that it is crucial to consider the dynamic behavior of these polymers to obtain results that fit well to experimental data. Regarding the B polymorph, we showed that it is essential/necessary to consider the periodic conditions of the system to be able to characterize two different residue positions, as has been observed experimentally. To the best of our knowledge, no V polymorph has been characterized in the presence of lipids composed of several lipidic chains. The second part of this manuscript describes several such complexes, formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids composed of 1, 2 or 4 lipidic chains, and their analysis by solid-state NMR. We elaborated a model describing the different equilibria implicated in the complexation process and could demonstrate that the primary structure of the lipids was one of the key factors. [...]
Carneiro, Paulo Irajara Borba. „Sobre a natureza do efeito alfa em RMN de 13C“. [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249187.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Bayle, Kevin. „Développements méthodologiques RMN 13C isotopique pour l'étude de voies métaboliques“. Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=30bc90dd-d09e-4983-ac96-8f8ae6202686.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the study has been the determination of isotope effects associated with three metabolic pathways (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, Entner-Doudoroff and phosphoketolase) using fermentation by yeasts and microorganisms bio-transforming glucose into ethanol and lactic acid. Initially, a study was conducted on the analytical parameters required for the analysis of carboxylic acids by 13C iq-NMR. Doubts raised in relation to the analysis of acetic led to the study being expanded to include a wider range of molecules. This section of the work is therefore composed of an assessment of the conditions for obtaining accurate measurements of 13C iq-NMR regardless of the spectrometer used. The current strategy to access the site-specific 13C measurements (δ13Ci) is dependent on the δ13Cg, obtained by IRMS, coupled with the determination by 13C iq-NMR of the molar fraction for each carbon measured. The implementation of the same methodology for 13C iq-NMR has required many factors to be taken into consideration. Establishing an analytical protocol for the implementation of an internal standard for 13C iq-NMR has required significant development, with the quantitative validation of a new 1H NMR sequence aiming to eliminate radiation damping. Thanks to the accurate methodology established, we have been able to detect the presence of relatively small intramolecular kinetic isotope effects associated with the metabolic pathways studied. Each pathway gives a characteristic isotopic signature, consistent with the formation of metabolites produced by the specific enzymatic reactions. The 13C isotope effects obtained are in agreement with the reactions that characterise each pathway
Schneider, Michel. „Informatisation des techniques de calcul des déplacements chimiques en RMN 13C“. Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1984/Schneider.Michel.SMZ8407.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGasmi, Geneviève. „Developpement de nouvelles sequences d'impulsions en rmn : etude du nosiheptide (antibiotique cyclopeptidique) par rmn 1h, 13c, 15n“. Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMP204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreira, Marcelo José Pena. „Análise espectral, geração de estrutura e simulação de dados de RMN 13C“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-20032018-142649/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the expert system SISTEMAT is to aid natural product researchers in the process of structural determination of organic substances. For that, using data from various spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques, mainly 13C NMR, countless programs were developed to propose the most probable skeleton of a substance. This information together with the substructures shown from the data set are utilized by structural generators as important constraints in order to avoid the combinatorial explosion problem and the generation of incompatible structural proposals for natural products, besides reducing the computational time spent during the analysis. This work describes the development and use of the modules of skeleton identification, structural determination and generation, and the 13C NMR data prediction of steroids. Thus, was built a database containing 1436 steroids distributed in 119 different skeletons originated from the most varied natural sources. Several tests were performed, wherein good hit percentuals were obtained for the skeleton identification and structural generation through the overlapping of the types of rings found in the steroid skeletons. For validation of the structural proposals shown by the generator as well as for prediction of the chemical shift data of new substances, the simulator of 13C NMR data was used and next compared with a commercial program of the same purpose, and exhibited higher accuracy in the data prediction.
Silva, Junior Milton Marques da. „Estudo do efeito ALFA de grupos fenila p-substituidos em RMN de 13C“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Caytan, Elsa. „Détermination de la distribution intramoléculaire du 13C en abondance naturelle par RMN quantitative“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExperimental conditions for the determination of the intramolecular distribution of 13C by NMR have been studied. In the first instance, 13C bi-labelled molecules were used to evaluate the performance of analytical methods (accuracy, precision). Two strategies were then set up for reducing the duration of the analysis. The use of relaxation agents enables a reduction of the repetition delay, and polarisation transfer sequences, such as INEPT, enhance sensibility. The effects of RF pulses imperfections on the INEPT sequence have been modelled, and the INEPT sequence optimised by use of adiabatic pulses and modifications to phase cycling. The methods developed make possible the precise quantitative analysis by 13C NMR of 13C/12C isotopic ratios, which can be applied in studies of isotopic fractionation and in the authentication of natural products
Bailac, Laura. „Composés organiques fluorés : Étude par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F} et calculs DFT“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor more than 40 years, fluorinated compounds have become increasingly important in the field of pharmaceutical, food chemistry and polymers. The knowledge of the 3D structure of those compounds can be of great importance especially in the case of molecule interaction studies. NMR is the most powerful method for the structural characterization of synthetic and natural compounds. Moreover, fluorine 19 owns remarkable magnetic properties which make it an interesting probe for the structural characterization of fluorinated organic compounds by NMR. During this project, a thorough structural study of fluorinated compounds by NMR and DFT has been realized. Recent NMR experiments, using selective pulses and encoding gradient such as the 1D Pure Shift and 2D G-SERF experiments, helped extract very accurate spectroscopic data such as chemical shifts and homo- and heteronuclear scalar coupling constants. Those spectroscopic data have been then completed by structural data such as internuclear distances and dihedral angles obtained by DFT geometry optimization of those compounds. In the second part of this work, the data obtained by NMR were used to develop a DFT computational model using a benchmark to predict, from the 3D structure, the heteronuclear coupling constants nJHF. This model also allows to determine the different contributions composing the scalar coupling. The access to each contribution's weight for a given coupling allows a better understanding of the mechanism of coupling's transmission, in particular in the case of long distance scalar couplings
Henzel, Norbert. „Développement d'un nouvel outil d'analyse spectrale et d'estimation des paramètres de signaux RMN 13C“. Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartin, Amélie. „Sulfonation du polyfluorure de vinylidène (PVDF) : Analyse structurale par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F}“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMR117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the present work was to understand the sulfonation process of PVDF by chlorosulfonic acid in order to obtain polymer membranes with an optimal sulfonation degree for their further use in PEMFC.At the beginning, the influence of temperature, reaction time and acid concentration on sulfonation was evaluated. The data obtained by FTIR, EA, TGA, DSC and NMR analysis made it possible to reveal the sulfonation mechanism and to show that dehydrofluorination is a necessary and essential condition for the PVDF sulfonation.Taking this to account, the dehydrofluorination of PVDF (d_PVDF) by a strong base, DBU, was initiated and the sulfonation was carried out for the dehydrofluorinated products (S_d_PVDF). The products obtained were analyzed by FTIR, EA, TGA, DSC and NMR in solid-state and the changes in chain mobility due to the sulfonation were correlated with the polymer physico-chemical properties
Gilbert, Alexis. „Méthodologies pour l'étude du fractionnement isotopique photosynthétique et post-photosynthétique par RMN 13C isotopique“. Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA methodology has been developed that makes possible the determination of the site specific carbon-13 isotopic composition of glucose, fructose and sucrose using isotopic 13C NMR. The derivatization of sugars as their acetonides is a prerequisite to accessing the desired information. Once the protocol for the derivatization was perfected, the methodology can attain a precision of 1‰ or better. Analyses of ethanols derived from sugars by fermentation show a good correlation with results obtained by the methodology developped. The ethanol molecule has also been used as a probe to show the influence of climatic parameters (temperature, sunshine, rainfall) on the intra-molecular 13C isotope distribution in sugars from grapes. Moreover, results for sugars or starch from plants having C3 or C4 metabolism show there to be an intramolecular 13C distribution characteristic of the type of carbon assimilatory pathway exploited. The hypothesis proposed here indicates that the CO2 assimilation mode is not the only factor affecting the intra-molecular 13C distribution in sugars. It appears that isomerisation steps (involving trioses phosphates or hexoses phosphates) are crucial in terms of isotopic fractionation in the sugars produced during photosynthesis. We have therefore measured the isotope effects associated with the transformation of glucose to fructose, catalysed by glucose isomerase. A clear equilibrium isotope effect is observed, which is shown to be responsible for the C-1 enrichment and the C-2 depletion of glucose, and a significant kinetic isotope effect on the C-2 of glucose is also seen during the conversion of fructose to glucose
Bruguière, Antoine. „Mise au point d’une méthode d’analyse déréplicative par RMN du carbone 13“. Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExtraction and isolation of natural products can be a tedious and time-consuming work and can unfortunately lead to molecules presenting little to no interest. That is why dereplication methods have been developed : they allow the identification of molecules within a mixture, without having to separate them, by comparing their signals to those of references, gathered in databases. In this work, we try to focus on polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), molecules that could be used a therapeutic tool to understand mechanisms involved in immune and inflammatory responses. We first were able to conclude that building databases using predicted values, instead of experimental ones, gave quality results for a dereplication work. Predicted databases were thus used for the rest of the experiments. After taking a look at the different kind of published dereplication methods, we decided to develop our own program based on 13C-NMR, in order to make it more discriminating than the current methods. To do so, in addition to 13C data, DEPT (135 and 90) information were added, allowing to narrow the search by carbon type. A graphic user interface was also implemented, making the program easier to use, but also providing the user with the possibility to interact with the results. This new method was first successfully tested on a diverse range of natural products mixtures, allowing the validation of the method. In the end, the method was used on Garcinia bancana extracts, and made possible the quick identification of the PPAPs we were interested in. Molecules were purified for further biological testing
Oliveira, Francimeiry Cavalcante de. „Um sistema especialista em determinação estrutural de sesquiterpenos com base em dados de RMN 13C“. Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-09122015-123428/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work describes the use of the expert system programs called SISTEMAT, evaluating their efficacy at helping Natural Products researchers to determine the structure of sesquiterpenes, using 13C-NMR spectroscopy data. The major expert systems for structural determination operate by combining structural fragments called \"structural restrictions\", obtained from spectroscopic data. For complex molecules (bearing more than 15 atoms), the number of proposed structures becomes too large, hence the imposition of external chemical knowledge is required, in order to exclude improbable structures. This fact demonstrates the need of large structural restrictions to be imposed to get acceptable results output by the generator program. The definition of class and skeleton, which were used during the development of SISTEMAT, are examples of such restrictions. SISTEMAT was created specially for natural products structural determination and methods were developed to obtain heuristic rules, mainly from 13C-NMR data, which allow the identification of natural products skeletal types. These will be used as large restrictions by the generator of structures, in order to avoid a combinatory explosion process at the generation step of the system. To reach the purpose of this work a data base was created with 2306 13C-NMR spectra of sesquiterpenes, distributed in 288 skeletal types. Those data are used by the set of SISTEMAT programs which propose the most probable skeleton for the unknown sesquiterpene together with some large substructures compatible with the analysed spectrum. To evaluate the efficacy of the system, tests were carried out with the RMN 13C data from 60 sesquiterpenes. The application of SISTEMAT in the identification of sesquiterpenes in neat essential oils was also investigated for the first time with promising results.
Lecachey, Baptiste. „Etudes structurales d’agrégats mixtes organolithiés par RMN multinoyaux 1H, 6Li, 13C. : Applications en additions nucléophiles énantiosélectives“. Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree NMR studies of characterization of mixed aggregates in solution were conducted during this work. Complex MeLi / LiCl: The so-called “low halide” solutions of methyllithium, contain 2 to 5% molar of lithium chloride. This salt exerts a strong influence on many enantioselective processes; it was thus essential to determine how it interacts with MeLi in THF at low temperature. The single formation of trimer [(MeLi)(LiCl)2], in equilibrium with MeLi and LiCl tetramers in THF, is evidenced. This aggregation contrasts with the cubic tetramers known for MeLi / LiBr and MeLi / LiI. Complex LiCl / o-TolCH(Me)OLi: In the enantioselective condensation of MeLi on the o-tolualdehyde in the presence of a chiral lithium amide derived from a 3-aminopyrrolidine (3AP-Li), the lithium alkoxide (Al-Li) formed impounds the ligand, and thus limits the induction. The addition of lithium chloride together with the aldehyde on the complex 3AP-Li / MeLi allowed to trap the alkoxide forming a cubic aggregate incorporating one LiCl and three Al-Li. This procedure give access to a version of the 1,2 addition in which substoichiometric amount of chiral ligand (33% mol) can be used. Complexes 3AP-Li / lithium enolate: The 1,4 enantioselective nucleophilic addition of lithium enolates (En-Li) on tert-butyl crotonate in the presence of 3AP-Li led to e. E. ’s up to 76%. The complexes formed between 3AP-Li and En-Li are described here. With a 1 to 1 stoichiometry in THF, they are comparable to those formed between 3AP-Li and alkyllithium
Guenneugues, Marc. „Développement d’expériences RMN hétéronucléaires 13C, 15N visant à caractériser la dynamique des protéines issues de l’ingénierie“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCIPRIANO, D. F. „Análise quantitativa dos teores de lignina e celulose em materiais de biomassa por RMN de 13C no estado sólido“. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEste trabalho é dedicado ao estudo e desenvolvimento de um método experimental que permita a utilização de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de 13C no estado sólido com polarização cruzada (CP) e rotação em torno do ângulo mágico (MAS) para a obtenção de teores de lignina e celulose presentes em materiais lignocelulósicos. A validade do método foi testada em diferentes materiais de biomassa por comparação com os resultados obtidos pelo método de quantificação Klason. O método desenvolvido também foi utilizado em um estudo comparativo de amostras de bagaço de cana submetidas a diferentes tempos de tratamento ácido. Para desenvolvimento do método, foram realizados experimentos com amostras padrões de celulose e lignina e misturas desses materiais em proporções previamente conhecidas. Após a obtenção dos espectros de RMN de 13C com CP/MAS, foram construídos gráficos relacionando a intensidade de regiões selecionadas do espectro com a massa da componente responsável por tal intensidade. Foi observado que os teores de lignina obtidos para a maioria dos materiais de biomassa analisados concordaram com o teor determinado diretamente por análise química; já o teor de celulose não foi corretamente previsto, possivelmente devido a sobreposições com sinais de hemicelulose nos espectros. Com respeito às amostras de bagaço de cana submetidas a tratamentos ácidos, foi observado um crescimento no teor de lignina nas amostras com maior tempo de tratamento, o que ocorreu também para a fração de celulose estruturalmente mais ordenada.
Mazuel, Leslie. „Spectroscopie RMN, des stratégies couramment utilisées en clinique vers les techniques de demain“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM12/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor troubles such as akinesia, rigidity and tremor. The loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigro-striatal pathway will lead to biochemical changes in the putamen. Especially, works on electrophysiology, micro dialysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suggests hyperactivity of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway associated with glial microenvironment changes. These observations suggest a modification of the glutamate-glutamine cycle occurring between neurons and astrocytes in response to neuronal loss.In this thesis, two approaches have been developed in order to follow by MRS the metabolic changes occuring in Parkinson's disease. In particular, we want to follow the changes in glutamate-glutamine cycle inside the putamen.in a first study, a a 1H MRS approach was used to assess the metabolic changes inside the putamen of Parkinson's disease without or under dopaminergic treatment. In this study, changes in N-acetylaspartate, creatine and myo-inositol were observed in Parkinsonian patients, but no change in glutamatergic metabolism was observed. This could be due to the lack of sensitivity of the technique to differentiate glutamate and glutamine pools.Thus, we chose to use a new 13C carbon MRS approach in order to follow dynamically in vivo the glutamate-glutamine cycle inside the brain: dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Thanks to the high sensitivity of this technique, it is now possible to follow metabolic pathways in vivo in real time. The implementation of DNP was assessed under a control group of animals. This technique offers a new promising tool for the analysis of this flow under pathologic conditions.To conclude, the MRS strategies for clinical diagnostic strategies remain, at present, poorly sensitive for the study of glutamate-glutamine cycle in vivo in humans. The development of DNP opens the door to a new approach for real-time monitoring of this cerebral metabolism Even if DNP is mainly used in preclinical studies at present, the development of new clinical systems could lead to its emergence as a new diagnostic strategy in clinical imaging
El, Hage Maha. „Caractérisation du métabolisme cérébral chez le rat : étude par spectroscopie RMN du carbone 13“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study was conducted to obtain a better knowledge of brain metabolism which is altered in many neurological diseases or by drugs with toxic effects on the central nervous system. For this purpose, we used our cellular metabolomic approach that combines enzymatic and carbon 13 NMR measurements with mathematical modeling of metabolic pathways. In the first part of this work, we characterized the metabolism of rat brain slices by using the main substrates of the brain. Our slices metabolized and oxidized these substrates at high rates during the incubation period. The second part presents a validation of our model of study by testing the effect of valproate, a widely used antiepileptic drug. We showed that valproate not only increases the accumulation of GABA and decreases that of aspartate, but also alters fluxes through several enzymes involved in brain metabolism. In the third part, we investigated the effects of guanidino compounds on cerebral metabolism; these compounds increase glucose consumption and lactate accumulation by rat brain slices. Thus, our slices are a good model for metabolic studies in vitro and our approach provides an overview of the metabolic fate of a given substrate and allows to identify the metabolic pathways involved by measuring enzymatic fluxes in the absence and the presence of a pharmacological or toxicological agents
Pate, Franck. „Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H / 6Li / 13C / 15N et calculs DFT“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158084.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelleagrégats mixtes avec les alkyllithiens (3APLi : AlkLi) parfaitement caractérisés en
solution. L'étude de ces agrégats, d'une part par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire
multinoyaux (RMN 1H/6Li/13C/15N), d'autre part par modélisation moléculaire, a permis,
au cours de cette thèse, de :
- confirmer le pliage (type azanorbornyle) de l'amidure grâce au double
marquage à l'azote 15N de l'azote intracyclique et du lithium 6Li ;
- observer et quantifier l'affinité relative des 3-APLi's pour les halogénures de
lithium LiX (X = Br, Cl). Les résultats suggèrent que la formation des
agrégats mixtes 3-APLi : LiX est favorisée, aux dépends des complexes 3-
APLi : AlkLi. ;
- évaluer le degré et la capacité d'agrégation des 3-APLi's en présence d'un
mélange d'alkylithiens (MeLi + nBuLi).
Les analyses et observations effectuées sont pour l'essentiel en accord avec les résultats
expérimentaux de synthèse asymétrique et permettent de justifier des variations d'excès
énantiomériques observées.
Barthelemy, Laurence. „Etude des ramifications dans les homopolymères et les copolymères de l'éthylène par RMN du 13C à haut champ“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuattara, Zana Adama. „Contribution de la RMN 13C à la caractérisation des huiles essentielles de cinq Annonacées acclimatées en Côte d'Ivoire“. Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis contributed to the characterization of five Ivoirian Anonnaceae through the chemical composition of their essential oils. For this purpose , various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques have been used ; particularly 13C NMR , following a computerized method developed by the « Chimie et Biomasse » team, University of Corsica. First, we explicated the analytical method based on 13C NMR analysis through the study of essential oil of leaves, fruit and stem bark of Artabotrys oliganthus. (. . . /. . . )
Paté, Franck. „Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H/6Li/13C/15N et calculs DFT“. Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiral 3-aminopyrrolidine lithium amides (3APLi) form mixed aggregates with alkyllithium compounds (3APLi : AlkLi) that have been fully characterized in solution. A multinuclear (1H/6Li/13C/15N) low-temperature NMR study and a set of Density Functional Theory calculations were performed during this thesis showing that : lithium chelation forces the 3APLi to adopt a norbornyle-like conformation, a point fully confirmed by a double labeling experiment (15N intracyclic nitrogen and 6Li amide and methyllithium); lithium halides LiX (X = Br, Cl) tend to form very robust 3-APLi : LiX mixed complexes, it has been found that methyllithium is rapidly, totally and irreversibly chased out of the 3APLi : AlkLi mixed aggregate when a lithium halide is added to the medium; 3APLi aggregate indifferently with two different alkyllithiums as demonstrated with a MeLi and nBuLi mixture. Those analysis and observations are in good overall agreement with the most chemical observations and e. E. Variations observed at the bench level
Kaiser, Carlos Roland. „Estudos de RMN de 1H e de 13C de derivados da 1,7,7-trimetilbiciclo [2.2.1] heptano-2-ona 3-substituida“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Silva, Roberta Ãrika de Souza. „Estudo quÃmico de Cestrum laevigatum Schlecht (Solanaceae)“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2928.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO presente trabalho relata o estudo quÃmico do caule de Cestrum laevigatum Schlecht (Solanaceae), coletado no municÃpio de Pacoti-CE. A partir da investigaÃÃo do extrato etanÃlico utilizando tÃcnicas clÃssicas de cromatografia de adsorÃÃo (gel de sÃlica e sÃlica flash) e exclusÃo (Sephadex LH-20) foi possÃvel o isolamento de esterÃides e um triterpeno. Os esterÃides de esqueleto espirostano foram caracterizados como uma mistura de sapogeninas 25(S)-5-espirostano-2,3-diol e 25(R)-5-espirostano-2,3-diol (gitogenina) (CL-1), a mistura de epÃmeros (25R)-5-espirostano-2,3-diol-3-O--D-galactopiranosÃdeo e (25S)-5-espirostano-2,3-diol-3-O--D-galactopiranosÃdeo (CL-2), e a mistura epimÃrica da saponina de carÃter inÃdito na literatura (25R,S)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol-3-O--D-galactopiranosil(1→4)- -D-galactopiranosil(1→4)--D-glicopiranosil (CL-3). AlÃm destes compostos, foram isolados ainda a mistura dos esterÃides -sitosterol e estigmasterol (CL-5) e seus derivados glicosilados (CL-6), alÃm do triterpeno pentacÃclico de esqueleto do tipo lupano β-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (lupeol) (CL-4). A caracterizaÃÃo estrutural dos compostos isolados foi possÃvel atravÃs do uso de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas, principalmente RMN, incluindo seqÃÃncias de pulso uni e bidimensionais, e comparaÃÃo com dados relatados na literatura. Das saponinas investigadas quanto ao potencial antimicrobiano, apenas CL-3 mostrou-se ativa contra Bacillos subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Enterobacter aerogenes. A atividade leishmanicida foi realizada com CL-1, CL-2 e CL-3, porÃm, apenas CL-3 mostrou-se ativa contra Leishmania amazonensis. Em relaÃÃo à atividade antifÃngica, CL-1 mostrou-se ativa apenas contra Microsporum canis. CL-2 apresentou excelentes resultados contra Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum e Trichophyton mentagrophytes, e uma atividade relativamente boa contra Microsporum canis. Jà CL-3 aparece revelou uma excelente atividade antifÃngica contra todas as cepas testadas. Os resultados promissores obtidos atà o momento a partir do extrato etanÃlico do caule de C. laevigatum confirmam o grande potencial quÃmico/farmacolÃgico das espÃcies deste gÃnero, e justificam a importÃncia do trabalho realizado
This work reports the chemical study of the stem of Cestrum laevigatum Schlecht (Solanaceae), collected at the Pacoti-CE. The investigation of the ethanol extract using conventional techniques of adsorption chromatography (silica gel and silica flash) and exclusion (Sephadex LH-20) was possible the isolation of steroids and triterpene. The spirostan steroids have been characterized as the mixture at the sapogenins 25(S)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol and 25(R)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol (gitogenin) (CL-1), a mixture of epimers (25R)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol-3-O--Dgalactopyranoside and (25S)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol-3-O--D-galactoyiranoside (CL-2), and the mixture of new epimer (25R,S)-5-espirostan-2,3-diol-3-O--Dgalactopyranosil(1→4)--D-galactopyranosil(1→4)--D-glicopyranosil (CL-3). Besides these compounds, were also isolated the mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (CL-5) and its glycosides (CL-6), and the pentacyclic triterpene β-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (lupeol) (CL-4). The structural characterization of the isolated compounds was possible through the use of spectroscopic techniques, mainly NMR, including sequences of uni and bidimensional pulse, and comparison with literature data. CL-3 was shown to be active against Bacille subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes. The leishmanicide activity was performed with CL-1, CL-2 and CL-3, however, only CL-3 was shown to be active against Leishmania amazonensis. For the antifungical activity, CL-1 was shown to be active only against Microsporum canis. CL-2 showed excellent results against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and a relatively good activity against Microsporum canis. CL-3 appears with excellent activity antifungical against all strains tested. The promising results obtained so far from the ethanol extract of the stem of C. laevigatum confirm the great potential chemical / pharmacological species of this genus, and justify the importance of work
Ottavioli, Joséphine. „CONTRIBUTION DE LA RMN 13C A L'ANALYSE D'HUILES ESSENTIELLES ET D'OLEORESINES : CARACTERISATION DE GENEVRIERS ET DU PIN MARITIME DE CORSE“. Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604382.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarazin, Catherine. „Étude par RMN 1H et 13C de réactions enzymatiques catalysées par la cutinase de Fusarium solani, en milieu non conventionnel“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD555.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGosselin, Isabelle. „Etude du métabolisme glucidique chez Sinorhizobium meliloti par RMN du 13C : biosynthèse des polymères, recyclage des hexoses-phophates et osmorégulation“. Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePouységu, Laurent. „Détermination structurale de sucres par RMN 29Si,13C et 31P : expériences INEPT et DEPT associées à des simulations de spectres“. Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDAGANE, ISHAY. „Systeme darc-epios : elucidation structurale par rmn 13c. application du modele sous-structure/sous-spectre a la generation des structures“. Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoubert, Valentin. „Analyse isotopique positionnelle pour les sciences forensiques : développement et utilisation de la spectrométrie RMN quantitative 13C and 15N NMR spectrometry“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the battle against the illicit drugs market, this is drug profiling which is currently used as a tool to track drugs trafficking routes. Profiling methods can rely on synthetic impurities, residual solvents, etc. In the ANR project FRIIME, the same objective will be pursued but using the intrinsic marker of the isotopic content of the target molecules. So far, only overall isotopic content has been exploited and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (irm-MS). By using innovative methods employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the study of the position-specific isotopic distribution of the targeted products is now obtained. This work was based on the optimization of a multi-pulse sequence (INEPT) enabling to improve significantly NMR 13C sensitivity in order to ensure full isotopic tracing on large molecules. This new tool will be tested on real samples of drug for which the cutting agents will be analyzed to have an isotopic profile marker of their origin. Then new information on networks will be obtained. For the first time, this knowledge will be transposed to 15N position-specific isotopic analysis by quantiative NMR as contribution for explosives analyses as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
BOURG, STEPHANE. „Spectroscopie de rmn en solution : aspects quantitatifs et outils d'aide a l'analyse des spectres (doctorat : chimie organique des substances naturelles)“. Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMP213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClouard, Mélanie. „Impact du lignite sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et microbiologiques des sols : application aux sols du bassin minier de Provence“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpoil heaps are scattered over the coal basin of Provence: they are inserted in the landscape and often located close to urban areas of the Aix-Marseille Metropole. The oldest spoil heaps have been naturally colonized by local vegetation and soils have simultaneously quickly developed. This study aims at understanding the processes involved in soil forming on undisturbed lignite-rich spoil heaps since 55 years. We studied the impact of lignite on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of an undisturbed soil: we compared two similar Rendosols, except that one was developed in a natural lignite outcrop. Then we studied on the 55-year-old Armand spoil heap the factors responsible for soil genesis and variability of soil characteristics. Recalcitrant carbon compounds found in soils enriched with lignite modify microbial activity but do not induce negative effects. It seems that lignite acts as a diluting factor of the organic carbon that decreases the available carbon pool and consequently on the vitality of the expression of the microbial functions. Enzymatic activities and basal respiration decrease while changes observed on physico-chemical properties tend to improve soil fertility. Some characteristics of the soils developed on the spoil heap are similar to those of the soil developed from the lignite outcrop, while others are more related to the way the spoil heap was set up. Although these results have shed light on some of the processes involved in soil formation on spoil heaps in a carbonated environment, soils on Armand spoil heap are still at an early stage of development that precludes conclusion on their future evolution
Diego, Dennis Galasso. „Estudos Reacionais de Teluretos Vinílicos, cálculos de coeficientes de blindagem efetivos e determinação computacional de RMN de 1H, 13C e 125Te“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-20072016-122152/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main goal of the first part of this project is the total synthesis of isocicutoxin (scheme 1) and some insects\' sexual pheromones by means of some reactions already studied by our group (scheme 2). (See PDF) The key steps for the synthesis of isocicutoxin were a coupling reaction between a diyne and a vinylic telluride, followed by a Wittig reaction. The key steps for the synthesis ofthe sexual pheromones were a cross coupling reaction between a vinylic telluride and an organocuprate, followed by a SN2 reaction with a Grignard reagent. The mam goal of the second part of the project lS the bibliographic reVleW and the systematization of 1H, 13C and 125Te data of tellurium compounds. The ligands containing tellurium had their NMR and their effective shielding values analyzed (Scheme 3). Using specialized software, a database was developed, which allowed the prediction of NMR 13C and 125Te spectra.
Nam, A. M. „Contribution de la RMN 13C à l'analyse des huiles végétales, huiles essentielles et résines (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis et Cedrus atlantica)“. Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978825.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNam, Anne-Marie. „Contribution de la RMN 13C à l’analyse des huiles végétales, huiles essentielles et résines (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis et Cedrus atlantica)“. Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural products isolated from plants acquired, in recent years, a growing success in many industries (aromatherapy, cosmetic, perfumes). The objective of our study was to contribute, on the one hand, to the development of methods involving 13C and 1H NMR for the identification and quantification of the components of natural mixtures, and on the other hand, to the chemical characterization of two conifers brought to Corsica, Aleppo pine (essential oil) and atlas cedar (essential oil, pyrolysis oil and resins).The first part concerned the quantification of squalene present in olive oil. Indeed, linear triterpene participated in the oxidative stability of olive oil and play an important role by decreasing some kind of cancers risks. It’s deal with to elaborate an experimental part based on NMR 1H and 13C by using routine apparatus (9.4 Tesla). Quantification by NMR 13C is reliable and have been applied to squalene quantification in 25 samples of Corsican olive oil.The second part of our work concerned the chemical characterization of the essential oil of Aleppo pine brought to Corsica in three different stations (Capo di Feno, Saleccia and Tre Padule de Suartone). A detailed analysis of cone essential oil, using the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, leads to the identification of 48 compounds. Chemical composition is extensively dominated by monoterpens (Alpha-pinene and myrcene) and one olefinic sesquiterpen ((E)-Béta-caryophyllene). 13C NMR allowed to the identification of various diterpens, particularly the 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol. This compound is described for the first time in aleppo pine essential oil. Fifteen samples of cone essential oil were analysed allowing differentiating three kinds of compositions: Alpha-pinene; myrcene; Alpha-pinene/myrcene. Finally, analysis of 47 samples of needles essential oil, associated with statistical treatment of the results (PCA and PFA), suggested the occurrence of an intraspecific chemical variability. Samples are divided into three groups, based on their high contents in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene (groupe I), in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene/Alpha-pinene/myrcene (groupe II) and in myrcene (groupe III).The last part concerned the study of Cedrus atlantica. A detailed analysis of commercial essential oil leads to the identification of 20 constituents. Main compounds are Alpha-, Béta- and Gamma-himachalene. Moreover, seven compounds, not yet referenced in our home-made NMR spectral data library, were identified by NMR 13C. Chemical compositions of handwork pyrolysis oils from Morocco were also dominated by the himachalene’s and (E)--atlantone. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 28 samples of Cedrus atlantica resins, obtained from the five Corsican forests referenced by the Office National des Forêts of Corsica (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta and Vizzavona) have been done, without any step of chromatography. Beside resinic acids, we have been identified three lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol and lariciresinol-9-acetate). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these compounds, leads to the occurrence of three types of chemical composition. Finally, we have developed and validated a method for quantification of lignans by 1H NMR
Botosoa, Eliot-Patrick. „Protocoles analytiques pour l'étude de la vanilline par RMN 13C isotopique en abondance naturelle : reproductibilté méthodologique, purification, origines du fractionnement isotopique“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIsotopic 13C NMR can measure the site by site isotopic deviation in 13C, making it possible to study the mechanism of the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. A priori, it was necessary to developed conditions for the reliable measurement of very small deviations with sufficient precision. Hence, it was show that, during the purification of vanillin and ferulic acid by silica gel column chromatography, unexpected site-specific isotopic deviation was introduced in different fractions recovered from the eluting peak. Both normal and inverse effects occurred, indicating that each isotopomers has a characteristic elution profile due to specific interactions with the stationary/mobile phases used. Thus, insights into the causes of non-covalent isotopic fractionation in chromatography have been obtained. The technique was applied to the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin by micro-organisms, Streptomyces setonii and Amycolatopsis sp. These experiments provided clear evidence supporting the prior hypothesis of a role of a ‘hydroquinone’ intermediate in the C6C3 to C6C1 chain-shortening mechanism. This conclusion was supported by theoretical calculations of the predicted isotope effects. Future developments will include studies of the role of non-covalent interactions in isotopic fractionation, notably within the context of interactions between pollutants and contaminated soils, and the development of a general method for the authentication of the origin of natural vanillin through the analysis of the site-by-site deviations in 13C determined by 13C NMR
Yapi, Acafou Thierry. „Contribution de la RMN 13C à l'analyse d'huiles essentielles de cinq espèces du genre Xylopia de Côte d'Ivoire : caractérisation de nouvelles molécules“. Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerned the characterization of five species of the genus Xylopia from Côte d’Ivoire through the chemical composition of the leaf , stem bark and root bark oils :X. Villosa, X. Quintasii, X. Aethiopica, X. Rubescens and X. Staudtii. There are two main objectives. Develop our knowledge on the chemical composition of the essential oils of the five investigated species, using analytical strategy based on the use of complementary techniques and adapted to the examination of a large number of samples. (. . . /. . . )
Rager, Marie-Noëlle. „Apport de la résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'étude du métabolisme bactérien“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114830.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKnowledge of metabolic features of each bacterial species is of major interest in the medical, environmental and biotechnological fields. This work shows the contribution made by NMR to the investigation of metabolic diversity notably thanks to its overall and noninvasive approach. Sugar metabolism was studied on Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pasteurella multocida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. 13C NMR allowed us to characterize transport systems, metabolic pathways and flux. 31P NMR allowed us to study cellular energetic state evolution, enzymatic activities and to characterize regulation factors. Thus, new metabolic pathways could be described. These approaches were applied for the study of bacteria on various states: culturable, nonculturable and encapsulated in silica gel
Saidi, Fadila. „RMN haute résolution solide par multiple-résonance : transfert de polarisation simple et multiple entre noyaux à fréquences de Larmor proches“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this work, two aspects of solid-state NMR have been investigated: i) double-resonance NMR of nuclei with close Larmor frequencies, ii) quantitative cross-polarization (CPMAS) measurements. The use of a prototype multichannel solid NMR probe (1H/19F/X/Y/Z) has allowed the development of original NMR tools for the structural characterization of fluorinated or heterogeneous materials (active principles, porous solids, polymers), in particular the triple polarization transfer (1H, 19F) -13C, double-transfer ‘en cascade’, multiple decoupling, and other 1H-19F ou 13C-27Al double-resonance experiments. The multiCP experiment has then been evaluated to get quantitative 13C and 29Si NMR spectra and to characterize materials with contrasted relaxation times. We have shown that the presence of dense proton bath was key to get quantitative data. Quantitative measurements were then obtained for pure solids (aminoacids, active principles, excipients, inorganic polymers) and mixtures. The multiCP has then been used to characterize the local structure of siliceous polymers and the nature of the proton spin system in Nafion membranes. Finally, we have studied a pharmaceutical formulation. In this heterogenous system, we have taken benefit from the contrasted relaxation times to distinguish molecules present inside or outside the surfactant. We have also characterized the interactions between the active principle and the surfactant and followed the drug release in various physiological media. The ensemble of this work provides new NMR tools for the characterization of the local structure of heterogeneous materials
Lopes, Irène. „Adsorption de molécules biologiques sur des surfaces oxydées : acides aminés sur des oxydes minéraux“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066621.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCinget, Francis. „Double marquage par spins en série D-glucose : perturbation du T1 en RMN 13C et 19F par un radical nitroxyde : sonde de distances intramoléculaires“. Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenault, Sophie. „Contribution à l’étude de la néphrotoxicité de sels d’uranium dans les tubules rénaux proximaux humains et murins : apport de la spectroscopie RMN du 13C“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10197/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of a study on uranium nephrotoxicity, we investigated the effect of uranyl nitrate and acetate in isolated human and mouse kidney cortex tubules metabolizing the physiological substrate lactate. In the millimolar range, uranyl nitrate and acetate reduced gluconeogenesis and the cellular ATP level in a dose-dependent fashion. After incubation in phosphate-free Krebs-Henseleit medium with 5 mM L-[1-13C]-, ou L-[2-13C]-, ou L-[3-13C]lactate, substrate utilization and product formation were measured by enzymatic and NMR spectroscopic methods. In the presence of 3 mM uranyl nitrate, glucose production and the intracellular ATP content were significantly reduced in both human and mouse tubules. Combination of enzymatic and NMR measurements with a mathematical model of lactate metabolism revealed an inhibition of fluxes through lactate dehydrogenase and the gluconeogenic enzymes in the presence of 3 mM uranyl nitrate; in human and mouse tubules, fluxes were reduced by 20% and 14% (lactate dehydrogenase), 27% and 32% (pyruvate carboxylase), 35% and 36% (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), and 39% and 45% (glucose-6-phosphatase), respectively. These effects were associated with a 12% and 36 % decrease in the cellular content of glutathione in human and mouse tubules, respectively. Contrary to what expected because phosphate was supposed to facilitate the entry of uranium, the addition of phosphate in the medium did not enhance the inhibitory effect of 3 mM uranyl nitrate on gluconeogenesis in isolated mouse tubules
Martin, Guy. „Métabolisme hépatique et rénal de la glutamine et de l'alanine chez le rat : étude par RMN 13C du métabolisme rénal de l'aspartate chez le cobaye“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRigole-Guilbert, Monique. „Etude par spectroscopie RMN 13c de l'adsorption de diènes conjugués sur des catalyseurs Cu/AL2O3 : effet du cuivre et influence de la texture du support“. Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNajac, Chloé. „Spectroscopie RMN du 1H pondérée en diffusion, du 13C et du 17O : développements méthodologiques pour l’étude de la structure et de la fonction cellulaire in vivo“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112242/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a unique tool that allows acquiring brain biochemical profiles and quantifying many cellular parameters in vivo. During this thesis, three different techniques have been developed: (i) 1H diffusion-weighted, (ii) carbone-13 (13C) and (iii) oxygen-17 (17O) NMR spectroscopy to study brain structure and function in vivo. Brain metabolites are cell-specific endogeneous tracers of the intracellular space whose translational diffusion depends on many cellular properties (e.g.: cytosol vicosity and intracellular restriction). Studying the variation of the diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a function of diffusion time (td) allows untangling and quantifying those parameters. In particular, measuring metabolites ADC at long diffusion times gives information about the metabolites compartmentation in cells. In a first study, we measured neuronal and astrocytic metabolites ADC over a large time window (from ~80 ms to ~1 s) in a large voxel in the macaque brain. No dependence of all metabolites ADC on td was observed suggesting that metabolites primarily diffuse in neuronal (dendrites and axons) and astrocytic processes and are not confined inside the cell body and organelles (nucleus, mitochondria). The large size of the voxel, due to low detection sensitivity, did not allow us to study metabolites compartmentation in pure white (WM) and grey matters (GM). Therefore, we performed a new study in the human brain. Results showed that in both WM and GM metabolites diffuse in fiber-like cell structure. Finally, using an even larger time window (up to 2 s) in the macaque brain and analytical models mimicking the cell structure, we estimated the length of neuronal (~110 μm) and astrocytic (~70 μm) processes. ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy in the organism, is produced thanks to glucose oxidation inside the mitochondria. 13C NMR spectroscopy is a well-known technique to study brain energy metabolism and can be used to estimate the rate of glucose degradation within the Krebs cycle (VTCA). However, many limitations, concerning data modeling when performing indirect detection or power deposition due to heteronuclear decoupling during direct detection, were encountered on our MRI scanner. Therefore, 17O NMR spectroscopy was developed to quantify the rate of oxygen consumption during oxidative phosphorylation (CMRO2). Methodological and technological developments were necessary and are still ongoing to validate this technique, which has never been used with macaque
DEGAND, JEAN-PIERRE. „Etude de la structure chimique des reseaux issus de la polymerisation de dicyanates aromatiques. Etude de la dynamique moleculaire par rmn 13c haute resolution dans les solides“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQasemian, Leila. „Caractérisation du potentiel de dégradation de matières organiques naturelle (litière) et anthropique (HAP) par les communautés microbiennes issue du milieu littoral méditerranéen“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4794/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMediterranean coastal ecosystems are subjected to various natural and anthropogenic environmental pressures which are supposed to be enhanced because of climatic changes. Little is known about microbial community functioning in such ecosystems. Our site of study is located in the Calanques of Marseille, a hot spot of biodiversity. The effect of salinity (via sea spray exposure) on microbial communities and their ability to transform organic matter in an Aleppo pine litter have been studied as well as the potential of autochthonous microorganisms to transform anthracene used as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon model. To do so, different approaches (in situ, ex situ and in vitro experimental design) were used and we combined various methods such as enzyme activities (laccase, cellulase, phosphatase, lipase), CLPP (Biolog ECO and FF plates), respirometry (basal and induced) and litter chemical characterization (solid-state 13C NMR). Laccases were induced by anthracene in mesocosms and oxidized this compound (with anthraquinone as an intermediate). These enzymes were sequenced by LC/MS/MS to determine the fungal strains responsible for their production. We also found that enzyme activities were not strongly influenced by salinity or anthracene inputs. On the other hand, functional diversity was structured at a small-spatial scale. Moreover, functional responses of microbial communities from inland areas strongly differ from those of coastal areas regarding anthracene inputs since no laccase induction was observed in inland litter
Palu, Doreen. „Etude de la composition chimique d’extraits d’Ilex aquifolium Linné et de Calicotome villosa (Poiret) Link de Corse par RMN du carbone-13“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to determine chemical composition of wild growing corsican understudied plant species, with potential biological activities. This study was realized using the computerized NMR method developed over the past thirty years by the University of Corsica “Chimie et Biomasse” group, UMR CNRS “Sciences Pour l’environnement”. Identified secondary metabolites were then undertaken to evaluate their antimicrobial properties. As part of this study, we selected on the first place commun holly (Ilex aquifolium L.). After two successive column chromatography, hexane and dichloromethane leaves crude extracts and all chromatography fractions were analyzed by 13C NMR (GC(RI) and GC-MS sometimes) to allow the identification of eleven triterpens and α- and β-amyrin esters. Among identified compounds, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were also quantified by 1H NMR in the dichloromethane crude extract using a reliable method developped and validated (accuracy, linearity precision of measurements). Ursolic acid accounted for 55.3% of the extract, followed by oleanolic acid, 20.8%. Evaluation of previous identified compounds antimicrobial activities has been performed in collaboration with « Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal » group (University of Corsica). Triterpen acids and chloramphenicol (reference antibiotic) displayed similar antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus (MIC = 4 and 8 mg.L-1 vs. 2 and 4 mg.L-1). Moreover, dichloromethane and dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (50/50, v/v) berries extracts were submitted to successive column chromatography. Crude extracts and chromatography fractions 13C NMR spectra revealed presence of nine triterpens previously identidied, five phenolics derivatives, six monosaccharides and four lactones (menisdaurilide, aquilegiolide, dasycarponilide and 7-epi-griffonilide) were first time identified in berries holly extracts. On the second place, we determined chemical compositions of Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link flowers and root extracts. 13C NMR analysis of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate flowers extracts and their chromatography fractions, allowed the identification of three flavonoids, five glycosyl flavonoids and four phenylpropanoids. We also studied chemical composition of a methanol root extract which has never been submitted to any chemical composition study. After successive column chromatography, eighteen compounds were identified by 13C NMR including sterols, flavonoids, a polyphenol and pterocarpans